Exploring the Relationship Between Instagram Use and Self-Criticism, Self-Compassion, and Body Dissatisfaction in the Spanish Population: Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of online social networks, particularly among the younger demographic, has catalyzed a growing interest in exploring their influence on users' psychological well-being. Instagram (Meta), a visually oriented platform, has garnered significant attention. Prior research has consistently indicated that Instagram usage correlates with heightened levels of perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and diminished self-esteem. Perfectionism is closely linked to self-criticism, which entails an intense self-scrutiny and is often associated with various psychopathologies. Conversely, self-compassion has been linked to reduced levels of perfectionism and stress, while fostering greater positive affect and overall life satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the relationship between Instagram usage (time of use and content exposure) and users' levels of self-compassion, self-criticism, and body dissatisfaction. METHODS: This study comprised 1051 adult participants aged between 18 and 50 years, either native to Spain or residing in the country for at least a decade. Each participant completed a tailored questionnaire on Instagram usage, along with abbreviated versions of the Self-Compassion Scale, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, spanning from January 23 to February 25, 2022. RESULTS: A positive correlation was observed between daily Instagram usage and self-criticism scores. Participants of all age groups who spent over 3 hours per day on Instagram exhibited higher self-criticism scores than users who spent less than 1 hour or between 1 and 3 hours per day. Contrary to previous findings, no significant relationship was detected between Instagram usage time and levels of self-compassion or body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, content centered around physical appearance exhibited a positive correlation with self-criticism and body dissatisfaction scores. Among younger participants (aged 18-35 years), those who primarily viewed beauty or fashion content reported higher self-criticism scores than those consuming science-related content. However, this association was not significant for participants aged 35-50 years. Conversely, individuals who predominantly engaged with sports or fitness or family or friends content exhibited higher levels of body dissatisfaction than those focusing on science-related content. No significant associations were observed between self-compassion scores and daily Instagram usage or most-viewed content categories. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study underscore the considerable impact of Instagram usage on self-criticism and body dissatisfaction-2 variables known to influence users' psychological well-being and be associated with various symptoms and psychological disorders.

Towards full recovery with lurasidone: effective doses in the treatment of agitation, affective, positive, and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia and of dual psychosis.

The management of schizophrenia necessitates a comprehensive treatment paradigm that considers individual patient nuances and the efficacy of lurasidone in addressing schizophrenia symptoms, particularly at elevated dosages. Numerous randomized trials have affirmed the efficacy of lurasidone across various dimensions of schizophrenia, demonstrating marked enhancements in positive, negative and cognitive symptoms compared to a placebo. In addition, lurasidone exhibits potential in ameliorating agitation amongst acutely ill patients, showcasing greater efficacy at higher doses. However, despite the favourable outcomes observed with higher lurasidone doses, routine clinical practice often opts for lower doses, potentially limiting its maximal therapeutic impact. Furthermore, lurasidone also shows efficacy in reducing post-psychotic depression in dual psychosis. Moreover, practical insights into lurasidone usage encompass swift dose escalation within a 1-5-day span and recommended combination strategies with other medications such as benzodiazepines for insomnia or agitation, beta-blockers for akathisia, and antihistamines or antimuscarinic drugs for patients transitioning rapidly from antipsychotics with substantial antihistamine and/or anticholinergic effects. Finally, a series of clinical cases is presented, highlighting benefits of lurasidone in terms of cognitive function, functional recovery and other therapeutic aspects for the management of schizophrenia.

Validation of the Spanish Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form in adolescents with suicide attempts.

Background: Child maltreatment is associated with a higher probability of mental disorders and suicidal behavior in adolescence. Therefore, accurate psychometric instruments are essential to assess this. Objective: To validate the Spanish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in adolescents with suicide attempts. Methods: Multisite cohort study of 208 adolescents with suicide attempts using data from the following scales: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and CTQ-SF. Statistical analysis: CTQ-SF scores analyzed by descriptive statistics. Internal consistency: McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha. Concurrent validity with PHQ-9 and C-SSRS scores: Spearman correlation coefficient. Structural validity: Confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Floor and ceiling effects: Physical abuse and neglect as well as sexual abuse demonstrated high floor effects (50.0, 35.1, and 61.1% of adolescents, respectively). No ceiling effects were found. The CTQ-SF had excellent internal consistency (McDonald's omega = 0.94), as did the majority of its subscales (Cronbach's alpha 0.925-0.831) except for physical neglect (0.624). Its concurrent validity was modest, and the emotional neglect subscale had the lowest Spearman correlation coefficients (0.067-0.244). Confirmatory factor analysis: Compared with alternative factor structures, the original CTQ-SF model (correlated 5-factor) exhibited a better fit [S-B χ 2 = 676.653, p < 0; RMSEA (90% CI = 0.076-0.097) = 0.087; SRMR = 0.078; CFI = 0.980; TLI = 0.978]. Conclusion: The Spanish CTQ-SF is a reliable, valid instrument for assessing traumatic experiences in adolescents at high risk of suicide. It appears appropriate for use in routine clinical practice to monitor maltreatment in this group.

Risk factors for suicide reattempt: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Suicide is one of the main external causes of death worldwide. People who have already attempted suicide are at high risk of new suicidal behavior. However, there is a lack of information on the risk factors that facilitate the appearance of reattempts. The aim of this study was to calculate the risk of suicide reattempt in the presence of suicidal history and psychosocial risk factors and to estimate the effect of each individual risk factor. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. Studies on suicide reattempt that measured risk factors were searched from inception to 2022. The risk factors studied were those directly related to suicide history: history of suicide prior to the index attempt, and those that mediate the transition from suicidal ideation to attempt (alcohol or drug misuse, impulsivity, trauma, and non-suicidal self-injury). RESULTS: The initial search resulted in 11 905 articles. Of these, 34 articles were selected for this meta-analysis, jointly presenting 52 different effect sizes. The pooled effect size across the risk factors was significant (OR 2.16). Reattempt risk may be increased in presence of any of the following risk factors: previous history, active suicidal ideation, trauma, alcohol misuse, and drug misuse. However, impulsivity, and non-suicidal self-injury did not show a significant effect on reattempt. CONCLUSION: Most of the risk factors traditionally associated with suicide are also relevant when talking about suicide reattempts. Knowing the traits that define reattempters can help develop better preventive and intervention plans.

Anxious and depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in a cohort of people who recently attempted suicide: A network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Suicide is an international health concern with immeasurable impact from the perspective of human and social suffering. Prior suicide attempts, anxious and depressive symptoms, and relatively lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are among the most replicated risk factors for suicide. Our goal was to visualize the distribution of these features and their interconnections with use of a network analysis approach in individuals who recently attempted suicide. METHODS: Individuals with a recent suicide attempt were recruited from nine University Hospitals across Spain as part of the SURVIVE cohort study. Anxious and depressive symptoms, and perceived HRQoL were included in the network analysis. Network structures were estimated with the EBICglasso model. Centrality measures and bridge symptoms connecting communities were explored. Subnetworks comparing younger and older individuals, and women and men were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1106 individuals with a recent suicide attempt were included. Depressed mood was the symptom with the greatest influence in the overall network, followed by anxiety symptoms such as feeling nervous, worrying, restless, and having difficulties to relax. Perceived general health was associated with increased suicidal ideation in the whole sample. Older people showed a specific connection between perceived general health and depressed mood. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design does not allow determination of established causality. CONCLUSIONS: Depressed mood was the core network's symptom and, therefore, an important target in the management and prevention of suicide. HRQoL had more influence on the network of older populations, in which it should be a primary focus.

Decreased oxytocin levels related to social cognition impairment in borderline personality disorder.

INTRODUCTION: Dysfunctions in the oxytocin system have been reported in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Deficits could be related to interpersonal hypersensitivity, which has been previously associated with failures in social cognition (SC) in this disorder, especially in Theory of Mind (ToM) skills. The aim of this work is to study the links between the oxytocin system and SC impairments in patients with BPD. METHOD: Plasma oxytocin levels (OXT) and protein expression of oxytocin receptors in blood mononuclear cells (OXTR) were examined in 33 patients with a diagnosis of BPD (age: M 28.85, DT = 8.83). Social cognition was assessed using the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). Statistical associations between biochemical factors and different response errors in MASC were analyzed through generalized linear regression controlling for relevant clinical factors. RESULTS: Generalized linear regression showed a significant relationship between lower OXTR and overmentalization in BPD patients (OR = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: This work supports the relationship between alterations in the oxytocin system and ToM impairments observed in BPD patients, enhancing the search for endophenotypes related to the phenotypic features of the disorder to improve current clinical knowledge and address more specific therapeutic targets.

Psychiatric profiles in suicidal attempters: Relationships with suicide behaviour features.

BACKGROUND: Suicide constitutes a major health concern worldwide, being a significant contributor of death, globally. The diagnosis of a mental disorder has been extensively linked to the varying forms of suicidal ideation and behaviour. The aim of our study was to identify the varying diagnostic profiles in a sample of suicide attempters. METHODS: A sample of 683 adults (71.3% females, 40.10±15.74 years) admitted at a hospital emergency department due to a suicide attempt was recruited. Latent class analysis was used to identify diagnostic profiles and logistic regression to study the relationship between comorbidity profile membership and sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Two comorbidity profiles were identified (Class I: low comorbidity class, 71.3% of attempters; Class II: high comorbidity class, 28.7% of attempters). Class I members were featured by the diagnosis of depression and general anxiety disorder, and low comorbidity; by contrast, the high comorbidity profile was characterized by a higher probability of presenting two or more coexisting psychiatric disorders. Class II included more females, younger, with more depressive symptoms and with higher impulsivity levels. Moreover, Class II members showed more severe suicidal ideation, higher number of suicide behaviours and a greater number of previous suicide attempts (p<.01, for all the outcomes), compared to Class I members. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric profiles may be considered for treatment provision and personalized psychiatric treatment in suicidal attempters as well as tackle suicide risk.

Inflammatory profiles in women with eating disorder: Linking inflammatory biomarkers to clinical phenotypes.

INTRODUCTION: Eating disorders (ED) represent a group of very complex and serious diagnoses characterized by emotional dysregulation and impulsivity. New approaches are necessary to achieve effective diagnosis and treatments. Shifting biomarker research away from the constraints of diagnostic categories may effectively contribute to a dimensional differentiation across disorders according to neurobiology (e.g., inflammatory biomarkers). Thus, the aim of our study was to identify inflammatory profiles in patients with ED. METHODS: A sample of 100 women with an ED (23.4 ± 8.55 years) and 59 healthy controls (HC) (20.22 ± 4.18 years) was used. K-means cluster analysis was followed to identify inflammatory clusters considering seven blood biomarkers (iNOS, TNFα, COX2, p38, ERK, TBARS and PPARγ). Moreover, a wide assessment of clinical features was conducted. RESULTS: Two distinct clusters were identified. Cluster 1 patients were characterized by higher inflammatory levels of TNF-α, COX2, p38, and ERK, and had more restrictive anorexia diagnosis than cluster 2. Cluster 2 participants showed higher inflammatory levels of iNOS and were older than cluster 1 and controls and had lower BMI than HC. In addition, they had higher levels of bulimic symptoms than those from the cluster 1 and HC, and higher impulsivity than HC. All ED patients (regardless of cluster) showed higher ED symptoms and more trauma than HC. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that inflammatory dysfunction may be linked with clinical endophenotypes in ED, one more restrictive (cluster 1) with an inflammation/oxidative endophenotype more cytokine and MAPK/ERK mediated, and the other more impulsive, with more bulimic symptoms (cluster 2) with NO free radical high output source iNOS. Trauma seems to be a vulnerability factor for both endophenotypes.

Social cognition deficits in borderline personality disorder: Clinical relevance.

Interpersonal difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BDP) have been suggested to be related to impairments in Social Cognition (SC), mainly due to deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM). However, literature is scarce and ambiguous. This work aims to study the SC impairments in BPD patients, by the specific assessment of ToM deficits, and to investigate the relationship between these SC impairments and clinical variables. 82 BPD patients with BPD and 47 control subjects were assessed with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). Clinical variables of severity, chronicity, functionality and anxious-depressive symptomatology were recorded. BPD patients had fewer correct mentalization responses and more overmentalization, undermentalization, and absence of mentalization errors than controls. Chronicity was negatively correlated with overmentalization and positively correlated with undermentalization and absence of mentalization errors. Functionality was indirectly correlated with absence of mentalization. These results confirm previous reports of alterations in SC in BPD patients. Furthermore, this study shows that SC impairments in patients with BPD are dependent on characteristics such as chronicity or degree of functionality. The different ToM profiles in patients with BPD indicate the necessity of developing variants of mentalization therapy depending on the deficits of each patient.

Neurocognitive profile associated with borderline personality disorder: building specific indices of executive function.

The objective of this work is the creation of specific indices of the different executive functions (EF).

Perfil neurocognitivo asociado al trastorno límite de personalidad: creación de índices específicos de función ejecutiva / Neurocognitive profile associated with borderline personality disorder: building specific indices of executive function

Introducción. El objetivo de este trabajo es la creación de índices específicos de las distintas funciones ejecutivas (FE), que permitan comprender de forma más completa y no mediante pruebas aisladas el rendimiento ejecutivo asociado al trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). Metodología. 118 pacientes con TLP y 81 controles fueron evaluados con una batería neuropsicológica. Se crearon tres índices de atención, memoria y FE. Las pruebas que forman el índice ejecutivo se agruparon en cuatro índices ejecutivos diferentes: flexibilidad cognitiva, planificación, memoria de trabajo e inhibición de respuesta. Las puntuaciones para cada dominio se obtuvieron a través de las puntuaciones estandarizadas de las pruebas que los componían. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en los índices de memoria, atención y FE, así como en los diferentes índices ejecutivos de flexibilidad cognitiva, planificación, memoria de trabajo e inhibición de respuesta, entre los pacientes con TLP y los controles. Conclusiones. Este estudio ha permitido la creación de cuatro índices ejecutivos, siendo el primero hasta la fecha en hacerlo. Estos resultados establecen un perfil neurocognitivo del TLP caracterizado por un deterioro ejecutivo específico de la flexibilidad cognitiva, la planificación, la memoria de trabajo y la inhibición de la respuesta. Estos hallazgos avalan que los pacientes con TLP podrían beneficiarse de la aplicación de programas neuropsicológicos, especialmente enfocados en mejorar determinadas FE, y sientan las bases para la investigación de la relación entre estos déficits ejecutivos específicos y ciertas características clínicas del TLP, como diferentes tipos de comportamiento impulsivo y diferentes errores de mentalización. (AU)

Introduction. The objective of this work is the creation of specific indices of the different executive functions (EF), which allow a more complete understanding of the executive performance associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and not through isolated tests. Methodology. 118 patients with BPD and 81 controls were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery. Three indices of attention, memory and FE were created. The tests that make up the executive domain were grouped into four different executive indices: cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition. The batteries for each domain were compared through the standardized batteries of the tests that comprised them. Results. The results showed differences in the memory, attention, and EF indices, as well as in the different executive indices of cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition, between BPD patients and controls. Conclusions. This study has allowed the creation of four executive indexes, being the first to do so. These results established a neurocognitive profile of BPD characterized by executive-specific impairment of cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition. These findings support that patients with BPD will benefit from the application of neuropsychological programs, especially focused on improving a certain EF, and lay the foundations for the investigation of the relationship between these specific executive deficits and certain clinical characteristics of BPD, such as different types of Impulsive behavior and different mentalization errors. (AU)

Estudio Transdiagnóstico de la Impulsividad y de la Conducta Autolítica en los Trastornos Impulsivos e Inestables / Transdiagnostic study of impulsivity and self-injurious behavior in unstable and impulsive disorders

Introducción. La elevada comorbilidad entre el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) pone de manifiesto la necesidad de establecer modelos transdiagnósticos, donde la impulsividad podría tener un papel relevante en las manifestaciones dela conducta autolítica. Objetivos: 1) Comparar los niveles de impulsividad y conducta autolítica entre personas con TLP, personas con TCA y controles. 2) Predecir la presencia de conductas autolíticas a partir de la impulsividad y otras variables clínicas relevantes, como la vivencia de acontecimientos traumáticos y la sensibilidad al rechazo. Método. 108 mujeres (23 controles; 29 con diagnóstico de TCA restrictivo (TCAr); 21 con diagnóstico de TCA purgativo (TCAp); y 35 con diagnóstico de TLP) fueron evaluadas a través de la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt, el Cuestionario para Experiencias Traumáticas y el Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Rechazo. La información sobre conducta autolítica fue recogida a través de entrevista e historia clínica. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias en las puntuaciones de impulsividad y conducta autolítica entre los grupos, encontrándose mayor impulsividad en los grupos TLP y TCAp, y mayores índices de conducta autolítica en el grupo TLP seguido de ambos grupos de TCA. Por otro lado, la impulsividad predecía los intentos de suicidio, y junto con la sensibilidad al rechazo interpersonal predecía las autolesiones no suicidas (ANS).Conclusión. La impulsividad es una variable dimensional en el TLP y en los TCA, que a su vez juega un papel relevante en la predicción de las conductas autolíticas. (AU)

Introduction. High comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders (ED) shows the necessity of developing transdiagnostic models, where impulsivity could play a relevant role in the manifestations ofself-injurious behaviour. Objectives: 1) To compare the levelsof impulsivity and self-injurious behaviour among peoplewith BPD, people with ED and controls. 2) To predict the presence of self-injurious behaviour based on impulsivity andother relevant clinical variables, such as the experience oftraumatic events and sensitivity to rejection. Methods. 108 women (23 controls; 29 with a diagnosis of restrictive ACT (rED); 21 with a diagnosis of purgative ACT(pED); and 35 with a diagnosis of BPD) were assessed usingthe Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire and the Sensitivity to Rejection Questionnaire. Information about self-injurious behaviour was collectedthrough interview and clinical history. Results. Differences in impulsivity and self-injurious behaviour scores were found between the groups, with higherimpulsivity in the BPD and pED groups, and higher rates ofself-injurious behaviour in the BPD group followed by both ED groups. On the other hand, impulsivity predicted suicideattempts, and together with sensitivity to interpersonal rejection predicted nonsuicidal self-harm (NSSH). Conclusion. Impulsivity is a dimensional variable in BPD and ED, which in turn plays a relevant role in the prediction of self-injurious behaviour. (AU)

Rasgos antisociales y neuroticismo como predictores de conducta suicida en trastorno límite de la personalidad: un estudio retrospectivo

Introducción: El espectro de la conducta suicida (CS) es nuclear en la clínica y el tratamiento del trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP). Los rasgos patológicos del TLP intervienen como factores de riesgo de CS en confluencia con otras variables clínicas y sociodemográficas asociadas con el TLP. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en evaluar los rasgos de personalidad específicos del TLP que se relacionan con la CS. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio transversal, observacional y retrospectivo, de una muestra de 134 pacientes con diagnóstico de TLP según los criterios del DSM-5. Se utilizan los cuestionarios de Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat para valorar distintos parámetros de la personalidad. Se realizan comparaciones por variables mediante las pruebas de la x2 y de la t de Student. La asociación entre variables se analiza mediante regresión logística multivariada. Resultados: Se objetivan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la CS y relacionadas y la dimensión neuroticismo-ansiedad en el test de Zuckerman-Kuhlman. Asimismo se relaciona de manera significativa con la subescala fóbica y antisocial del Millon-II. La impulsividad medida con las pruebas de Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat no aparece relacionada con la CS. Conclusiones: Los resultados presentados plantean el papel de los rasgos fóbicos, antisociales y del neuroticismo como posibles rasgos de personalidad del TLP relacionados con la CS. Incluso se propone una importancia mayor que el de la impulsividad dentro de la relación del TLP con la CS. De cara al futuro, estudios longitudinales permitirían aumentar la evidencia científica de los hallazgos presentados. © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier Espafña, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.

Introduction: The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic andmanagement of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. Conclusions: The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings. © 2021 Asociacio´n Colombiana de Psiquiatria. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Narcisismo como variable protectora frente al riesgo de conductas autolesivas sin intención suicida en Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad / Narcissism as a protective variable against the risk of self-injurious behaviour without suicidal intent in Borderline Personality Disorder

Introducción y objetivos: El espectro de la conducta suicida tiene un carácter nuclear en el pronóstico y manejo delTrastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP). El objetivo de esteestudio es identificar posibles rasgos de personalidad específicos del TLP que puedan actuar como protectores de lasautolesiones sin finalidad suicida (ASFS).Método. Se realiza un estudio transversal, observacionaly retrospectivo, de una muestra de 134 pacientes de entre 18y 56 años con TLP. La evaluación clínica se llevó a cabo conun cuestionario que valoraba la presencia o no de conductas suicidas (CS) y ASFS y distintas variables sociodemográficas. También se realizaron cuestionarios de personalidad:Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II, Cuestionario dePersonalidad de Zuckerman-Kuhlman y la entrevista ClínicaEstructurada para el eje II del DSM (SCID). La asociación entre variables se analizó a través de un modelo de regresiónlogística multivariado y binomial negativaResultados. Se encuentra una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la CS con las ASFS y entre realizarmayor número de intentos de suicidio y la presencia de ASFS.Respectivamente, las ASFS se asocian de forma estadísticamente significativa con los intentos de suicidio. Por otrolado, se objetivan diferencias estadísticamente significativasen la asociación de ASFS con las variables en el SCID Trastorno Narcisista, apareciendo como variable con efecto protector. Los resultados presentados proporcionan una idea de larelación dinámica entre NSSI y SB en una población TLP concaracterísticas de gravedad. Conclusiones. El papel de los rasgos de personalidad narcisistas puede ser importante a la hora de identificar factoresprotectores para las NSSI y SB en TLP y podría ser objeto dedesarrollo de ulteriores proyectos de investigación. (AU)

Background and Objectives: The spectrum of suicidalbehavior is a core factor of the prognosis and care ofBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The aim of this study isto identify possible BPD specific personality traits that couldact as protective factors of nonsuicidal self-injuries (NSSI).Methods. We performed a cross-sectional, observationaland retrospective study of a sample of 134 BPD patients agedfrom 18 to 56. We assessed the presence or absence of suicidalbehavior and NSSI as well as different sociodemographicvariables. Millon, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and StructuredClinical Interview for DSM personality questionnaires werealso applied. The analysis of the association between variableswas carried out with a multivariate negative binomial logisticregression model.Results. A statistically significant associationbetween NSSI and suicidal behavior was found. Elseways,statistically significant differences were also found inthe association between NSSI and the SCID variables forNarcissistic Disorder, which appears as protective variables. These results provide an idea of the dynamic relationshipbetween NSSI and suicidal behavior in a BPD populationwith particularly severe characteristics.Conclusions. The role of narcissistic personality traitsappears to be important in identifying protective factors forNSSI and suicidal behavior in BPD patients and could be thesubject of further research projects. (AU)

Clinical predictors and psychosocial risk factors of suicide attempt severity.

BACKGROUND: Suicide attempts are an important predictor of completed suicide and may differ in terms of severity of medical consequences or medical lethality. There is little evidence on serious suicide attempt (SSA) and very few studies have compared SSA with non-SSA. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this multisite, coordinated, cohort study was to analyze the role of clinical variables and the sociodemographic and psychological risk factors of SSA. METHOD: In this multisite, coordinated, cohort study, 684 participants (222 for the mild suicide attempt group, 371 for the moderate suicide attempt group and 91 for the SSA group) were included in the study. Ordinal regression models were performed to analyze the predictor variables of SSA. RESULTS: Early physical abuse (OR=1.231) and impulsivity (OR=1.036) were predictors of SSA, while depressive symptoms were associated with a lower risk of SSA. CONCLUSION: Environmental and psychological factors as physical abuse and impulsivity are related with severe suicide severity. These findings will help to develop strategies to prevent suicide and may be considered for the treatment and management of suicide.

Striatal volumes as potential biomarkers in Eating Disorders: A pilot study / Volúmenes estriatales como biomarcadores potenciales en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: estudio piloto

Introduction: Differences in bulimic and impulsive behaviours in Eating Disorders (ED) have been associated with cortico-striatal circuit dysfunction at a neurobiological level. We sought to investigate neo-striatal volume as a biomarker in ED subgroups as well as the possible relationship with trauma history.Material and methods: We studied 24 female patients: Anorexia Nervosa AN (n=8), Bulimia Nervosa BN (n=9), comorbid ED with borderline personality disorder (EDc; n=7), and a group of Healthy Controls (n=19). Binge eating behaviours and impulsivity scales were used to characterize our sample as well as Trauma Questionnaires and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric manual measurements of caudate and putamen nuclei (striatum).Results: Our preliminary results showed a significantly larger left putaminal volume in AN compared to the other three groups [C (p=0.008), BN (p<.001) and EDc (p=.001)] and a smaller right putaminal volume in EDc compared to controls (p=.045) and AN (p=.039).Some negative correlations were found between bilateral putaminal volumes and self-reported general and early traumatization scores.Conclusion: This pilot study suggested that striatal volumes might differentiate AN from BN and EDc at a neurobiological level with implications for treatment strategies. Larger scale studies should be carried out that allow replication of these data. (AU)

Introducción: Las diferencias en comportamientos bulímicos e impulsivos de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) se han relacionado, desde el punto de vista neurobiológico con una disfunción córtico-estriatal. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el volumen neo-estriatal como un biomarcador de los subgrupos de TCA, así como la posible relación con antecedentes traumáticos.Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 24 pacientes con diagnósticos de anorexia nerviosa (AN, n=8); bulimia nerviosa (BN, n=9); TCA comórbido con trastorno límite de la personalidad (TCAc; n=7), y un grupo de controles sanos (n=19). Se utilizaron escalas de impulsividad y comportamiento bulímico para caracterizar a la muestra, así como escalas de trauma y medidas volumétricas de trazado manual de los núcleos caudado y del putamen (estriado) de imágenes de resonancia magnética (RM).Resultados: Nuestros resultados preliminares mostraron un volumen del putamen izquierdo significativamente mayor en las pacientes con AN comparado con el resto de los grupos (C [p<0,008], BN [p<0,001] y TCAc [p<0,001]) y un volumen del putamen derecho menor en el grupo TCAc comparado con los controles. Se encontraron algunas correlaciones negativas entre el volumen del putamen bilateral y algunas puntuaciones auto-referidas de escalas de trauma.Conclusiones:Este estudio piloto sugiere que los volúmenes estriatales podrían diferenciar las pacientes AN, BN y TCAc a un nivel neurobiológico, lo que puede tener implicaciones beneficiosas de cara a las estrategias de tratamiento. Sin embargo, serán necesarios estudios a mayor escala que permitan replicar estos datos. (AU)

Asociación entre las autolesiones sinfinalidad suicida y la conducta suicidaen trastorno límite de personalidad: un estudio retrospectivo / Association between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder: a retrospective study

Introducción: El espectro de la conducta suicida (CS) esnuclear en la clínica y el manejo del trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP). Aunque en trabajos de investigación recienteslas autolesiones sin finalidad suicida (ASFS) y la CS se diferencian en intencionalidad, frecuencia y letalidad, se ha descritoque estos dos comportamientos a menudo ocurren de maneraconcurrente, siendo la distinción entre ambas un tema controvertido. Pocos trabajos hablan del porqué de la coocurrenciaentre ambas entidades en población psiquiátrica en general yen TLP en particular. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizarla relación entre CS y ASFS en TLP.Metodología. Se realiza un estudio transversal, observacional y retrospectivo de una muestra de 134 pacientes deentre 18 y 56 años, con diagnóstico de TLP de acuerdo concriterios DSM-5. La asociación entre variables se analizó através de un modelo de regresión logística multivariado ybinomial negativa.Resultados. El 77,6 % refieren antecedentes de al menosun IS, mientras que el 22,4 % ninguno. La media del númerode IS es de 2,69. Para las ASFS, el 64,2 % las presentaban,mientras que el 35,8 % no. Se encuentra una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre ambas. Los ASFS también serelacionan de manera significativa con realizar mayor númerode IS según el análisis multivariante.Conclusiones. Los resultados apuntan a que estas conductas son nucleares y frecuentes en el TLP. Ambas aparecenrelacionadas entre sí de forma significativa. De cara al futuro,estudios longitudinales permitirían esclarecer la dirección dedicha relación. (AU)

Introduction: Suicidal behavior (SB) spectrum is nuclear inthe clinic and management of Borderline Personality Disorder(BPD). Although in recent research papers non-suicidal selfinjury behavior (NSSI) and suicidal behavior (SB) differ inintentionality, frequency and lethality; these two behaviorshave been described concurrently with a controversialdistinction. Few works talk about the reason for the cooccurrence between both entities in the psychiatric populationin general and in BPD in particular. The aim of the report is toanalyze the link between SB and NSSI in BPD.Methods. A cross-sectional, observational and retrospectivestudy was carried out on a sample of 134 patients between18 and 56 years old, diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5criteria. The association between variables was analyzed througha negative binomial and multivariate logistic regression model.Results. 77.6% report a history of at least one suicideattempt (SA), while 30.4% none. The average number ofSA is 2.69. For NSSI, 64.2% presented them, while 35.8%did not. A statistically significant association is found between both of them. NSSI are also significantly relatedto performing a greater number of SA according to the multivariate analysis. Conclusions. The results suggest that these behaviors arenuclear and frequent in BPD. Both appear significantly related to each other. Looking ahead, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the relationship between these variables. (AU)

El cuestionario del sentimiento de vacío (CSV). Elaboración y validación / The feeling of emptiness questionnaire (CSV). elaboration and validation

INTRODUCCIÓN: El sentimiento crónico de vacío (SCV) aparece en los criterios diagnósticos de las clasificaciones psiquiátricas actuales, pero no existe ningún instrumento de evaluación del mismo, lo que reduce la fiabilidad diagnóstica y el uso homogéneo del término entre los clínicos. En ello se justifica el intento de este estudio de investigar los componentes dimensionales del SCV y elaborar un cuestionario específico. METODOLOGÍA: A partir de un análisis cualitativo basado en las descripciones de 42 pacientes con TLP sobre el sentimiento de vacío se elaboró un cuestionario inicial de 44 ítems. La fiabilidad de consistencia interna se analizó a través de la matriz de correlaciones entre los diferentes ítems y del coeficiente de alpha de Cronbach. Para realizar la validez de constructo se utilizó la prueba de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett. Se realizó la validez convergente del cuestionario mediante el cálculo del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. RESULTADOS: En el proceso de validación se obtuvo un cuestionario final de 33 items con un coeficiente alpha de Cronbach 0,971 y una puntuación en la KMO de 0,933 con cinco factores o dimensiones principales y con significación estadística en la prueba de esfericidad. CONCLUSIONES: El CSV puede ser un instrumento de utilidad para la cuantificación del sentimiento de vacío crónico en el trastorno límite de la personalidad y para la evaluación de su valor predictivo en la evolución de los trastornos de la personalidad en general

INTRODUCTION: Chronic feeling of emptiness (CFE) is considered a diagnostic criteria in current psychiatric classifications. However, no rating scale is still available for this phenomenological concept, which affects diagnostic reliability and the homogeneous use of the concept among clinicians. The aim of this study is to investigate the dimensional com-ponents of CFE and elaborate a specific questionnaire. METHODOLOGY: Following a qualitative analysis of the descriptions of feeling of emptiness from 42 patients with BPD, an initital questionnaire of 44 items was proposed. Internal consistency was analyzed with the matrix correlation betweeen different ítems and with de Alpha coeficient. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett tests were used to evaluate construct validity of the questionnaire, and Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze convergent validity. RESULTS: Through the validation proccess a final 32 items Questionnaire in Spanish language (Cuestionario de Sentimiento de Vacío, CSV) was obtained with a Cronbach a-pha coeficient of 0,971 and a construct validity supported by KMO index of 0.933, with five major factors identified within the construct . CONCLUSIONS: The CSV ("Cuestionario de Sentimiento Crónico de Vacío") could be useful for measurement of chronic feeling of emptiness in BPD and also for evaluation of its predictive value over the clinical evolution of personality disorders

International Mental Health perspectives on the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic / Perspectivas Internacionales en Salud Mental ante la pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

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