Limitations in Activities of Daily Living among Older Adults with COPD, Asthma, or Asthma-COPD Overlap Residing in Spain.

Activities of daily living (ADL) may be limited by the presence of chronic diseases, and limitations in ADL contribute to an increased risk of falling. In people with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), ADL may be affected owing to poor asthma control and COPD ventilatory limitations. The aim of this study was to establish the differing prevalence of limitations in ADL among older Spanish adults with chronic respiratory diseases (COPD, asthma, and ACO). Data from the Spanish National Health Survey were analyzed. The sample was composed of 944 older adults aged ≥65 years and with a positive diagnosis of COPD (n = 502), asthma (n = 241), or ACO (n = 201). Five basic activities of daily living (BADL) and seven instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were studied. Frequency and percentages were used to describe sample characteristics and limitations of ADL. Significant differences were analyzed using chi-square tests. Results revealed a significant higher number of older adults with COPD (34.8%) and asthma (32.5%) without limitations in doing hard housework in comparison to ACO (17.8%). Regarding meal preparation, a higher percentage of asthmatics without difficulties (77.7%) and a lower percentage with many difficulties (2.6%) were observed in comparison to ACO (64.8%-10.2%). No differences were found in BADL, with approximately 80-90% without limitations. It seems that limitations in IADL vary according to the type of chronic pulmonary diseases, but further research is needed to clarify why differences were found only for preparing meals and hard housework. These findings should be considered in the design of interventions to promote ADL in older adults with respiratory disease.

Physical activity behavior in people with asthma and COPD overlap residing in Spain: a cross-sectional analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To identify levels of physical activity (PA) among the Spanish population with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO). A further aim was to analyze differences in PA levels by sex, age, education, marital status, cohabiting, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: In this cross sectional study, data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed. A total of 198 people with ACO aged 15-69 years were included in the analyses. The short version of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure total PA (MET·min/week). PA was further classified as low, moderate and high, and analyzed according to sample characteristics. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and chi squared test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: People with ACO engaged in a mean volume of 2038.1 MET·min/week. Those aged 30-60 years and those with normal weight were significantly more active than those aged ≥60 and those with obesity. When classifying PA level in low, moderate and high, results showed no significant differences between sample characteristics. Overall, moderate and high levels of PA were the most and least frequent levels (48.0% and 16.2%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: More than three out of ten Spanish adults with ACO do not achieve PA recommendations. Therefore, it is recommended to implement programs that promote the importance and benefits of PA among the Spanish population with ACO, and such programs should focus on older adults and those who are obese.

Physical Fitness Perception and Physical Education Enjoyment in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children.

Childhood motor competence plays a fundamental role in long-term adherence to physical activity. Enjoyment levels and self-perception of physical fitness increase motivation, commitment, and participation in physical activity. The objective of this study was to assess the body mass index (BMI), weight percentile, health status, physical fitness, and enjoyment levels of physical activity. A sample of 138 persons, of whom 67 were males and 71 females, with a mean BMI of 20.04 (2.35) answered the questionnaires Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale and the International Fitness Scale−self-report of physical fitness in young people. Tests were administered to measure functional fitness and anthropometric characteristics. Statistical analysis included calculation of Cronbach's alpha, ANOVA and Pearson's bivariate test correlations. The data indicate the reliability of the International Fitness Scale. No significant differences by gender were observed for the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. The BMI showed that significant positive correlations with 20 m sprint scores (p < 0.001, r = 0.367) and significant negative correlations with 6-minute lap scores (p < 0.001, r = −0.360) could be caused by an older physiological age. The overall physical fitness level of the children was medium-high, with most of the children enjoying physical education classes and slightly higher enjoyment values for males 40.88 (5.42) than females 40.31 (6.16).

A Golf Course Quality Scale (GCQS): Validity and Reliability Testing on Spanish Golf Courses.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, in terms of validity and reproducibility, of the Golf Course Quality Scale (GCQS) in the Spanish golf course context. The GCQS is a scale that measures the quality of a golf course perceived by its users. It is comprised of 22 five-point Likert scale items, ranging from 1 (disagree) to 5 (totally agree). The items were grouped into five dimensions: services, etiquette, facilities, golf courses, and staff. A translated and adapted version of the Australian CQS questionnaire was administered to a total of 401 federated golf players in the Region of Murcia (RM). The margin of error was 4.9% with a confidence level of 95%. Of the total sample, 88.5% were men and 11.5% were women. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 80 (M = 54.1, SD = 14.3). Following an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the suitability of the proposed items and the factorial structure of the scale, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using structural equations under the maximum likelihood extraction method. This assessed the fit of the model and its internal consistency, with values above 0.79. In conclusion, the validity and reliability of this psychometric scale for the purposes of evaluating the quality of golf courses perceived by their users have been verified. The results confirm that the scale is a useful tool for golf course research and management.

Influence of the Psychomotor Profile in the Improvement of Learning in Early Childhood Education.

The development of psychomotor skills in childhood enables children to organise the outside world through their bodies, contributing to their intellectual, affective, and social development. The present study aimed to longitudinally evaluate the psychomotor profile, throughout three academic years, of 3, 4 and 5-year-olds belonging to the second cycle of infant school, relating it descriptively to academic performance. The sample consisted of 82 subjects aged between 3 and 6 years throughout the study. The distribution of the sample was homogeneous, with 47.6% boys (n = 39) and 52.4% girls (n = 43). The results not only highlight the importance of the development and stimulation of motor skills from an early age for the overall development of the child, but also, when related to previous studies, show how they influence the development of human beings in adulthood.

Effects of Fatigue and Grit on Club Sports Coaches.

The objective of this research is to identify the level of general fatigue (FG), physical fatigue (FF) and concentration/motivation (C/M) in sports coaches. Two components of grit, consistency of interest (CI) and perseverance in effort (PE), are also assessed. The possible effects of sex, age, marital status, employment contract, work dedication and grit on FG, FF and C/M in sports coaches are examined. This cross-sectional study analyses 335 sports club coaches (21.2% women, 78.8% male) with a mean age of 29.88 (SD = 9.97) years, at a significance level of p < 0.05 for all analyses. Different aspects of fatigue were determined using the Spanish translation of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (IMF-20). The Grit-S scale was used to measure the ability to persevere, have passion and commit. The results indicated that men scored higher in FF, C/M and PE, while women obtained higher values in FG and CI. Non-contract coaches had higher FG, CI and PE, while coaches with contracts scored higher on C/M and FF. In conclusion, coaches with higher CI had higher FG, and high levels of PE were associated with low FG levels.

Psychological Profile and Competitive Performance in Group Aesthetic Gymnastics.

The objective of the research was to evaluate the perceptions about the psychological variables of cohesion and motivational climate that AGG gymnasts have about the context created by the coaches in their teams and to analyze in the different categories the optimism and competitive anxiety they face in competitive situations. In an attempt to clarify the psychosocial training patterns in this sport and the influence they have on the well-being of its practitioners, competitive anxiety, motivational climate, team cohesion and level of optimism were taken as dependent variables. The sample was made up of 98 national and international junior and senior athletes in the aesthetic gymnastics group aged 13 to 27 (M = 17.1; SD = 2.8). The Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire for motivational climate, the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 for competitive anxiety, the Group Environment Questionnaire for cohesion and the Revised Life Orientation Test for optimism were used in the evaluation. The results obtained show a positive and statistically significant correlation between anxiety and ego involvement, while, for task involvement, high levels of cohesion are associated with high levels of optimism (p = 0.005). In conclusion, the data confirm that high levels of cohesion are associated with high levels of optimism, in addition high scores on task involvement show high scores on cohesion and optimism, however high scores on ego involvement are associated with low scores on cohesion and optimism.

Levels of Physical Activity in Spanish Asthmatics: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objectives: 339 million people in the world suffer from asthma. Regular physical activity (PA) could help in its control. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the level of PA in Spanish people with asthma considering variation by, age, sex, education, marital status, living together, smoking habits, alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: 1014 Spanish people from 15 to 69 years were included in the study. Data of the Spanish Health Survey (year 2017) were analysed. PA levels were measure with the international physical activity questionnaire short version (IPAQ-SF). PA was categorized as low, moderate and high, and analyzed by sample characteristics. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskall Wallis H and crosstabs were used to calculate statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: On average, Spanish asthmatics engaged in a weekly volume of 2228.9 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)·min/week. Males revealed significantly higher PA than females (2516.8 vs. 2019.5 MET·min/week; p = 0.005), younger participants (<30 years) compared to people aged 30-60 years and older than 60 years (2699.0; 2243.2; 1619.3 MET·min/week; p < 0.001) and those with tertiary level of education than those without secondary (2368.3 vs. 2168.3 MET·min/week; p = 0.001). Level of PA was lower in those married (p = 0.001) and/or living together (p = 0.010). Alcohol consumers showed a higher level than the participants who did not drink (2378.3 vs. 1907.9 MET·min/week; p = 0.001), but no significant differences were found within current, past and never smokers (p = 0.890). Obese asthmatics engaged in less PA than their normal weight and overweight peers (p < 0.001). Overall, moderate level was significantly the most frequent (47.7%), but 31.6% showed a low level. Conclusions: Three out of ten Spanish people with asthma do not achieve PA recommendations, so PA programs should be executed to make people aware of its benefits in asthma control, focusing on those groups with lower PA levels.

Associations between Physical Activity and Comorbidities in People with COPD Residing in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

There is a high prevalence of comorbidities among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Comorbidities are likely common in patients with any COPD degree and are associated with increased mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thirty-one different COPD comorbidities and to evaluate the association between physical activity (PA) levels in people with COPD residing in Spain. Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analysed. A total of 601 adults (52.2% females) with COPD aged 15 to 69 participated in this study. PA (exposure) was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form and comorbidities (outcomes) were self-reported in response to the question "Have you ever been diagnosed with…?" Multivariable logistic regression, in three different models, was used to assess this association. Results showed a high prevalence of comorbidities (94%), these being chronic lumbar back pain (38.9%), chronic allergy (34.8%), arthrosis (34.1%), chronic cervical back pain (33.3%), asthma (32.9%) and hypertension (32.8%) the most prevalent. Low PA level was significantly associated with urinary incontinence (2.115[1.213-3.689]), chronic constipation (1.970[1.119-3.459]), cataracts (1.840[1.074-3.153]), chronic anxiety (1.508[1.002-2.269]) and chronic lumbar back pain (1.489[1.044-2.125]). Therefore, people with COPD should increase their PA levels in order to reduce their risk of comorbidities and increase their quality of life.

Physical Activity Behaviour in People with COPD Residing in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a major public health problem due to its high prevalence, morbidity and health cost. It has been demonstrated that physical activity (PA) is one of the most beneficial measures to prevent chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to examine PA levels of adults with COPD residing in Spain, and to analyse the differences by sex, age, education, marital status, cohabiting, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption and body mass index. METHODS: A total of 615 adults aged 15 to 69 years participated in this study. Data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were used. This survey included the short version of IPAQ to measure PA levels. PA was expressed in total volume (MET·min/week), classified as low, moderate and high, and analysed according to sample characteristics. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (CI = 95%). RESULTS: Level of PA was higher in men than in women (1808.8 vs. 1575.6 MET·min/week; p = 0.016), in those aged under 30 years than in those older than 60 years (2129.4 vs. 1381.4 MET·min/week; p = 0.047) and in those who drank alcohol than in those who did not drink (1912.8 vs. 1248.2 MET·min/week; p = 0.004). Also, underweight and obese participants participated in lower levels of PA than normal weight participants (p= 0.001). When classifying PA level, a total of 37.9% had a low level, 47.5% had a moderate level and only 14.6% had a high level of PA (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is recommendable to implement programs to raise awareness of the importance and benefits of PA in the control of COPD, and these programs should focus on those with lower levels of PA.

Player Load and Metabolic Power Dynamics as Load Quantifiers in Soccer.

There has recently been an increase in quantification and objective analysis of soccer performance due to improvements in technology using load indexes such as Player Load (PL) and Metabolic Power (MP). The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the performance of PL and MP in competition according to the specific role, match-to- match variation, periods of play, game location and match status according to game periods, and (2) to analyze the relationship between both indexes. Twenty-one national-level soccer players were distributed in the following specific positional roles: external defenders (ED) (n = 4), central defenders (CD) (n = 4), midfielders (M) (n = 5), external midfielders (EM) (n = 4) and attackers (A) (n = 4). A total of 12 matches played by a Spanish Third Division team during the 2016/2017 season were analyzed. WIMU PROTM inertial devices (RealTrack System, Almeria, Spain) were used for recording the data. The main results were: (1) a performance reduction in both variables over the course of match time, (2) significant differences in both variables based on the specific position, (3) differences in physical demands during the season matches, (4) winning during a game period and the condition of being the visitor team provoked higher demands, and (5) a high correlation between both variables in soccer. In conclusion, different contextual variables influence the external load demands; both indexes are related so they could be used for external load quantification, and it is necessary to analyze physical demands of the competition for a specific and individualized load design in training sessions.

The Effects of an Appropriate Behavior Program on Elementary School Children Social Skills Development in Physical Education.

The purpose of this study was to see the effects of an appropriate behavior development program in relation to the improvement of fair play and social skills behaviors of elementary school children during the physical education class. The participants of this study were 204 students from 5th and 6th grade from seven different public schools in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Data was collected through a questionnaire to measure students' pre and post appropriate behaviors when winning, appropriate behaviors when loosing, appropriate behaviors during the game, fair play skills and social skills, during the physical education class. Results from this study revealed that participants improved their behaviors with the implementation of the intervention (appropriate behavior program), generating positive changes in students' attitudes and social skills during physical education class. In relation to children gender, girls had better scores than boys in relation to appropriate behaviors when losing. Further, when comparing students' age, those from 10 to 11 years old scored higher in fair play behaviors and social skills. In conclusion, the intervention program was effective to improve the behaviors of the school children, generating positive changes in their attitudes and social skills during physical education.

Body Composition in Children and Adolescents Residing in Southern Europe: Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity According to Different International References.

The objective was to analyze body composition in children and adolescents of Southern Europe to identify prevalence of overweight and obesity. This investigation involved 512 girls and 488 boys between 7-to 19-years. Variables evaluated were Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass (FM; electrical bioimpedance). The references used to establish prevalence according to BMI were those of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF); in the case of FM, the Child Growth Foundation (CGF) reference was used. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between the three classifications (32.3% according to IOTF, 37.3% according to WHO, and 39.8% according to CGF), being higher in males. WHO-IOTF concordance was substantial (kappa = 0.793), whereas concordances WHO-CGF (kappa = 0.504) and IOTF-CGF (kappa = 0.447) were moderate. The authors recommend evaluating overweight and obesity not only with BMI, but also with FM, and always specify the references used.

Hábitos y comportamientos relacionados con la salud de los adolescentes en su tiempo de ocio / Habits and behaviours related to the health in adolescents during their leisure time

Este estudio trata de determinar cuáles son las prácticas habituales en relación a la participación en actividades físicas y deportivas junto con el consumo de sustancias nocivas en adolescentes. Se realizó un diseño descriptivo correlacional transversal. Participaron en el estudio 1140 sujetos (edad: 18.75 ± 6.35 años; género: masculino 46.7%, femenino 53.3%), de los cuales 790 eran universitarios y 350 no universitarios en la comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha (España). Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Evaluación de los Hábitos relacionados con la Salud (Gil Madrona, González Villora, Pastor Vicedo, y Fernández Bustos, 2010). El análisis descriptivo reveló que un alto porcentaje no practica actividad física de forma regular. El análisis inferencial marcó valores estadísticamente significativos en la relación entre los hábitos de práctica de actividad física y aquellos relacionados con el consumo de tabaco, alcohol y/o drogas. Se concluye por tanto la necesidad de programas que fomenten la práctica de actividad física

This research attempts to determine which are the common practices related to the participation in sport and physical activities within the consumption of harmful substances in adolescents. A descriptive, correlational and transversal design was performed. A total of 1,140 subjects participated in the study (Mean age: 18.75 ± 6.35 years old; gender: male 46.7%, female 53.3%), of wich 790 were undergraduates and 350 non-undergraduates from the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). It was used the Evaluation Questionnaire of the Habits related to the Health (Gil-Madrona, González-Víllora, Pastor-Vicedo, & Fernández-Bustos, 2010). Descriptive analysis revealed that a high percentage of adolescents do not practice sport regularly. The differential analysis showed significant statistical values which relates the sport habit with the tobacco, alcohol and/or drugs consumption. It was concluded that the design and development of programmes which foster physical activity are a need

Imagen Corporal y Obesidad mediante las Siluetas de Stunkard en Niños y Adolescentes Indios de 8 a 15 Años / Body Image and Obesity by Stunkard's Silhouettes in 8- to 15-Year-Old Indian Children and Adolescents / Imagem corporal e obesidade mediante as Silhuetas de Stunkard em crianças e adolescentes indianos de 8 a 15 anos

Este artículo se centra en estudiar la imagen corporal y la sobrecarga ponderal (sobrepeso y obesidad) en niños y adolescente de India. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 395 participantes de 8-15 años (12,16 ± 2,01) de Karbi Anglong, Assam (212 de sexo masculino y 183 de sexo femenino). El instrumento utilizado fue el de las siluetas de Stunkard et al. El 37.3% de hombres y el 22,4% de mujeres fueron clasificados en la categoría de sobrepeso/obesidad (gi² =13,033; p=,001; d=0,63). Respecto a la imagen corporal, el 82,3% presentó insatisfacción con su cuerpo, destacando aquellos a los que les gustaría ser más grandes (hombres 62,7% y mujeres 49,7%). Por tanto, el problema de la insatisfacción corporal tuvo una mayor prevalencia que el problema fisiológico de la obesidad. Se recomienda implementar programas de actividad física para mejorar la imagen corporal y la composición corporal de los niños y adolescentes de Assam

The present study focused on the study of body image and overweight and obesity in Indian children and adolescents. This investigation involved 395 participants (212 males and 183 females) from Karbi Anglong, Assam, aged between 8 and 15 years (12.16 ± 2.01). The instrument used was Stunkard's et al. silhouettes. 37.3% men and 22.4% women were classified as overweight/obese (Chi² =13.033; p=.001; d=0.63). Regarding body image, 82.3% were dissatisfied with their body, highlighting those who would like to be larger (men 62.7% and women 49.7%). Therefore, the problem of body dissatisfaction had a higher prevalence than the physiological problem of obesity. It is recommended to implement physical activity programs to improve body image and body composition of children and adolescents in Assam

Este artigo centra-se no estudo da imagem corporal e do excesso de peso (sobrepeso e obesidade) em crianças e adolescentes na India. A amostra foiconstituída por 395 participantes de 8-15 anos (12,16 ± 2,01) de Karbi Anglong, Assam (212 homens e 183 mulheres). O instrumento utilizado foram as silhuetas de Stunkard et al. 37,3% dos homens e 22,4% das mulheres foram classificados na categoria de sobrepeso/obesidade (Khi² =13,033; p=,001; d=0,63). Em relação à imagem corporal, 82,3% mostraram insatisfação com o seu corpo, destacando aqueles que gostariam de ser maiores (homens 62,7% e mulheres 49,7%). Portanto, o problema da insatisfação corporal teve maior prevalência do que o problema fisiológico da obesidade. Recomenda- se a implementação de programas de atividade física para melhorar a imagem corporal e a composição corporal das crianças e adolescentes de Assam

Levels of Physical Activity in Lithuanian Adolescents.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Population levels of physical activity are an international concern. The purpose of the present study was to describe and analyse physical activity levels in Lithuanian adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With this aim in mind, the Physician-based Assessment and Counselling for Exercise (PACE) questionnaire was administered to 5141 adolescents residing in Lithuania, 2502 boys (48.7%) and 2639 girls (51.3%), aged between 11 and 19 years. RESULTS: It was found that adolescents studied met the physical activity guideline, of 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity a day, on average 3.6 days/week (SD = 2.1). A total of 3426 adolescents (66.6%) were inactive as classified by the PACE questionnaire (at least 1 h of physical activity/day < 5 days/week). In the present sample there were more active (at least 1 h of physical activity/day ≥ 5 days/week) boys (n = 994, 39.7%) than girls (n = 721, 27.3%) (p < 0.001; OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.97), and, on average, boys were more likely to meet daily recommendations of physical activity than girls, 0.7 days more a week (p < 0.001; IRRs 1.21, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.25). According to age, younger adolescents (11⁻12 years) were significantly more active than older adolescents (13⁻19 years) and a curvilinear relationship between age and physical activity was observed with significant linear (unstandardized beta (B) = -0.807; standardized beta (ß) = -0.796; p < 0.001) and quadratic terms (unstandardized beta (B) = 0.024; standardized beta (ß) = 0.704; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to increase the level of physical activity in Lithuanian adolescents and intervention programs should be carried out considering these results.

The effect of an interactive program during school breaks on attitudes toward physical activity in primary school children / Efecto de un programa interactivo durante los descansos escolares en las actitudes hacia la actividad física de escolares de primaria

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of video exercise lessons on changes in primary school students' perceptions, attitudes towards physical activity, physical self-efficacy, and health-related academic knowledge acquired. The study included 181 primary school students, grades 1-4, consisting of 93 (51.4%) in an experimental group and 88 (48.6%) in a control group (Mage = 8.24 years; SD = 1.10 years). The effects of video exercise were measured by the Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale, which was administered pre- and post-intervention. The experimental group received video exercise intervention every school day for three months. The results indicated significant positive changes in students’ perceptions, attitudes towards physical activity, physical self-efficacy and health-related academic knowledge acquired between pre- and post-intervention in the experimental group. The control group did not experience any positive changes after the period of intervention. The study strongly supports the effectiveness of the video exercise program

El objetivo del estudio fue explorar los efectos de sesiones de ejercicio en video sobre los cambios en las percepciones y actitudes de los estudiantes de educación primaria hacia la actividad física, la autoeficacia física y el conocimiento académico adquirido relacionado con la salud. El estudio incluyó a 181 estudiantes de educación primaria, de primer a cuarto curso, de los cuales 93 (51.4%) constituyeron el grupo experimental y 88 (48.6%) el grupo control (Medad = 8.24; DT = 1.10 años). Los efectos de la intervención mediante sesiones de ejercicio en video fueron medidos mediante la Escala de Actitudes Hacia la Actividad Física, que se administró en el pretest y el postest. El grupo experimental llevó a cabo la intervención mediante las sesiones de ejercicio en vídeo todos los días escolares durante tres meses. Tras la intervención, se encontraron mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental en las percepciones y actitudes de los estudiantes hacia la actividad física, en su autoeficacia física y en el conocimiento académico adquirido relacionado con la salud. En el grupo control no se produjeron mejoras tras el periodo de intervención. El estudio apoya firmemente la efectividad del programa de ejercicios en video

Reconceptualising workplace resilience - A cross-disciplinary perspective / Reconceptualización de la resiliencia en el lugar de trabajo - Una perspectiva interdisciplinar

Stressful situations, performance pressure, and setbacks are part of contemporary organizational life. The dynamic nature of technological advances and globalisation of business leads to tougher competitive pressures and constant change. People‘s responses to these challenging circumstances vary widely. Some bounce back and adapt to increasing challenges and adversity, others‘ healthy functioning is significantly impaired. Even though resilience is recognised as a crucial issue in the workplace, the rates of new cases of work-related stress and depression have remained broadly flat for more than 10 years. Resilience research within Applied Psychology typically focuses on the psychological domain of a person‘s functioning. This means that also resilience trainings or interventions focus on only one area. The present paper aims to build a comprehensive conceptualization of workplace resilience ultimately to assist in informing targeted intervention and in developing a model to move the research area forward as a whole. A cross-disciplinary understanding of and approach to individual resilience in the workplace would allow to better understand the mechanism of why some people bounce back from adverse events whereas others‘ well-being declines. We propose a resilience framework with antecedents considering psychological (cognitive and emotional) and physiological correlates (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and metabolic)

Las situaciones estresantes, la presión laboral y los contratiempos son parte de la organización de la vida contemporánea. La naturaleza dinámica de los avances tecnológicos y la globalización del comercio conduce a mayores presiones competitivas y a un cambio constante. Las respuestas de las personas a estas complejas circunstancias son muy diferentes. Algunos se recuperan y se adaptan a los nuevos retos y adversidades, mientras que otros ven su salud seriamente afectada. Aunque la resiliencia es reconocida como un asunto crucial en el lugar de trabajo, la prevalencia de casos de estrés laboral y depresión se ha mantenido constante durante más de diez años. La investigación en resiliencia dentro de la Psicología Aplicada normalmente se ha centrado en el aspecto psicológico del funcionamiento de la persona. Por tanto, los entrenamientos o intervenciones para mejorar la resiliencia se han centrado solo en un área. El objetivo de este artículo es construir una conceptualización comprensiva de la resiliencia en el lugar de trabajo, a fin de ayudar al diseño de intervenciones específicas y desarrollar un modelo para avanzar en el área de investigación en su conjunto. Una comprensión y un enfoque interdisciplinar de la resiliencia individual en el lugar de trabajo permitiría comprender mejor el mecanismo de por qué algunas personas se recuperan de eventos adversos, mientras que el bienestar de otros disminuye. Proponemos un enfoque de la resiliencia que tenga en cuenta aspectos psicológicos (cognitivos y emocionales) y fisiológicos (cardiovasculares, gastrointestinales y metabólicos)

Análisis de imagen corporal y obesidad mediante las siluetas de Stunkard en niños y adolescentes españoles de 3 a 18 años / Analysis of body image and obesity by Stunkard's silhouettes in 3- to 18-year-old

Este artículo se centra en estudiar la imagen corporal y la sobrecarga ponderal (sobrepeso y obesidad) en niños y adolescentes españoles. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1082 niños y adolescentes de 3-18 años (11.85±2.82) de la Región de Murcia (541 de sexo masculino y 541 de sexo femenino). El instrumento utilizado fue el de las siluetas de Stunkard. El 34 % de hombres y el 17.9% de mujeres fueron clasificados en la categoría de sobrepeso/obesidad, χ 2 (1)=26.936, p=.001, d=0.65. Respecto a la imagen corporal, el 61.2% presentó insatisfacción con su cuerpo, destacando aquellos a los que les gustaría ser más delgados (hombres 44.7% y mujeres 46%). Por tanto, el problema psicológico de la insatisfacción corporal tuvo una mayor prevalencia que el problema fisiológico de la obesidad. Se recomienda implementar programas de actividad física para mejorar la imagen corporal y la composición corporal de los niños y adolescentes de la Región de Murcia (AU)

This paper is focused on the study of body image and excess weight and obesity in Spanish children and adolescents. This investigation involved 1082 children and adolescents (541 males and 541 females) from the Region of Murcia, aged between 3 and 18 years (11.85±2.82). The instrument used was Stunkard's silhouettes. 34% of men and 17.9% of women were classified as overweight/obese, χ 2 (1)=26.936, p=.001, d=0.65. Regarding body image, 61.2% were dissatisfied with their body, highlighting those who would like to be thinner (men 44.7% and women 46%). Therefore, the psychological problem of body dissatisfaction had a higher prevalence than the physiological problem of obesity. It is recommended to implement physical activity programs to improve body image and body composition of children and adolescents in the Region of Murcia (AU)

Level of quality management in the Municipal Sports Services, contrast trough EFQM Excellence Model.

The quality management in the Municipal Sports Services is embedded in the servuction provided to the citizens, which are their internal customers who determine the quality improvement ensuring competitiveness with excellence criteria. The Model of the European Foundation for Quality Management enables the evaluation of organization progress towards achieving quality goals, from a structured, measurable and comparable methodology. The aim is to carry out a diagnosis of the level of implementation of quality in the Municipal Sports Services of the Region of Murcia, Spain. The sample of 287 workers of 30 sports services gets a high level of reliability at all scales, with a coefficient of variation of .985 (range .810-.943). The score in the criteria of Policy and Strategy, People Management, Alliances and Resources, Processes and People Results were significantly higher (p < .05) in the Municipalities with more than 25,000 inhabitants when compared with those less than 10,000 and with those from 10,000 to 25,000 inhabitants obtaining global ratings of 571 points, those less than 10,000, 590 points those from 10,000 to 25,000 and those higher than 25,000 reach 636, having a good level of quality in relation to the scale that determines the model.