ABSTRACT
In this study, we describe the second species of the Brazilian genus Bambuina de Mello, Horta & Bolfarini, 2013. Bambuina zikani n. sp. is a cavicolous cricket, found in crevices and natural cavities in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We also highlight the glandular condition of the males' metanotum and forewings of Bambuina species.
Subject(s)
Orthoptera , Male , Animals , BrazilABSTRACT
Neometrypus Desutter, 1988 n. status is elevated to the generic level. Ten new species of this genus are described (N. azevedoi n. sp., N. carvalhoi n. sp., N. catiae n. sp., N. couriae n. sp., N. lopesae n. sp., N. maiae n. sp., N. marcelae n. sp., N. mejdalanii n. sp., N. mendoncae n. sp., N. monnei n. sp.). All the species are from Brazil, nine from the Atlantic Forest, and one from Amazonia. We also provide a distribution map of all type localities of Neometrypus n. status, an identification key for all 13 known species of the genus, the first record of the mating behavior, and a short discussion about paedomorphic characters and communication between these crickets.
Subject(s)
Gryllidae , Orthoptera , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures , Animals , Body Size , Forests , Organ SizeABSTRACT
The phylogeny of the cricket genus Eidmanacris is used to analyse its historical distribution and diversification in three South American biomes: Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Chiquitano Dry Forest. A morphological phylogeny with all the 29 species of Eidmanacris and the Geographically explicit Event Model (GEM) is used to explain their colonization and diversification through three different biomes and their ancestral habitats and distributional areas. We analysed ecologically-significant characters, such as body size and metanotal characters, to test whether if morphology, habitat, or behaviour are connected. The relations of these features with the colonisation of wetter or drier biomes based on the distributional area, phylogeny and diversity of the genus were also tested. The results show that the ancestral distribution of the genus was the Atlantic Forest, and that biome occupancy, habitat, size, and mating behaviour evolved congruently through the phylogeny, drawing a coherent pattern of changes through Eidmanacris evolution toward the colonisation of drier biomes. Our results indicate that gallery forests could play a key role in the distribution and diversification of Eidmanacris species.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Gryllidae/physiology , Animals , Conservation of Natural Resources , Genetic Variation , Gryllidae/anatomy & histology , Gryllidae/classification , Gryllidae/genetics , Phylogeny , Sexual Behavior, AnimalABSTRACT
Titanogryllus, a new genus and three new species T. salgado n. gen. n. sp., T. oxossi n. gen. n. sp., and T. oxente n. gen. n. sp. from subfamily Gryllinae (Grylloidea, Gryllidae) are described from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This genus is characterized by its very large size, and establishes a new record for the largest known cricket from Neotropical Region. The new taxa are characterized by their external morphology and male and female genitalia.
Subject(s)
Gryllidae , Animal Structures , Animals , Body Size , Brazil , Female , Forests , Male , Organ SizeABSTRACT
With 15 described species, Eidmanacris is one of the largest Luzarinae genera from South America. In Brazil, 12 species occur in two large biomes, the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. Here, we describe four new species of Eidmanacris from Brazil: E. bernardii Nihei & de Mello, n. sp., E. papaveroi Nihei & de Mello, n. sp., E. simoesi Nihei & de Mello, n. sp., and E. eliethae Nihei & de Mello, n. sp., from Cerrado (E. bernardii n. sp.), and the other from Atlantic Forest. The type material is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP) and the Zoology Department Insect Colletion (Coleção de Insetos do Departamento de Zoologia), Botucatu campus of São Paulo State University, UNESP.
Subject(s)
Gryllidae/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Brazil , Female , Gryllidae/anatomy & histology , Gryllidae/growth & development , Male , Organ SizeABSTRACT
The understanding of the subfamily Landrevinae has been modified by different authors since its creation. In the neotropics three genera are known to the present: Odontogryllus Saussure, 1877 (one from México, the others amazonian), Brasilodontus de Mello, 1992 with two species (from Brazilian Atlantic Forest), e Valchica de Mello, 1992 with one species (from Costa Rica). De Mello (1992) erroneously created the tribe Odontogryllini for this cluster of neotropical genera, here suppressed. In the present paper we revise and add new species to Brasilodontus and describe two monotypic genera, Xulavuna n. gen. and Yarrubura, n. gen. An identification key to the genera of neotropical Landrevinae is presented as well as one for the species of Brasilodontus. The male fore wings of Xulavuna adenoptera n. sp. is remarkable regarding its shape and its glandular condition.