Pancreatic enzyme treatment in chronic pancreatitis: Quality of management and adherence to guidelines-A cross-sectional observational study.

OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a common complication in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), leading to increased morbidity and mortality if not treated adequately. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy|pancreas enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is the cornerstone in treatment of patients with PEI. In the present study, we use data from the Scandinavian Baltic Pancreatic Club database to examine adherence of PERT according to United European Gastroenterology evidence-based guidelines treatment of CP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with definitive or probable CP according to M-ANNHEIM diagnostic criteria were included. We collected information on exposures, exocrine function, intake of pancreatic enzymes, and markers of nutrition. Fecal elastase <200 µg/g was defined as a marker for PEI. Enzyme replacement therapy of 100,000 lipase units or more was defined as adequate treatment. RESULTS: We included 1006 patients from 8 centers in five countries. Sixty-four percent of the patients were correctly treated. Twenty-five per cent of PEI patients were not taking enzymes at all, and 20% of PEI patients were undertreated with insufficient PERT doses according to the guidelines. Fourteen percent of patients with sufficient pancreatic function were receiving enzymes despite normal exocrine pancreatic function. There were center differences. Current smoking was associated with lack of treatment and alcohol abuse was associated with under-treatment. There were no associations between "no treatment" or "under-treatment" for underweight or vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSION: In our CP expert centers, the adherence to guidelines for enzyme treatment is insufficient. Both patient factors and center differences have influence on treatment adherence.

Hereditary hemochromatosis: data from a single center Copenhagen cohort.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe a cohort of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) patients from a single urban center in Copenhagen. METHODS: Retrospectively, data from patients with HH from the years 2009-2020 were collected. RESULTS: A total of 203 patients was recorded. Males constituted 65.0% of the patients. Homozygous HH (HHH)/compound heterozygous HH (CHH) accounted for 69.4%/30.6%. HHH patients had significantly higher ferritin and transferrin saturation (TS) levels at debut than CHH patients. Fifty-five HHH patients (39.0%) had ferritin >1000 ug/L versus 9 (14.5%) in the CHH group (p < .001). Age at debut did not differ between female and male patients. Ferritin (but not TS) levels were significantly higher in male patients. The proportion of patients with ferritin >1000 did not differ between males and females. One-hundred patients (49.3%) had one or more symptoms at the time of diagnosis; arthralgias of the metacarpophalangeal joints and/or ankles (n = 46 (22.7%)), fatigue (n = 67 (33.0%)) and decreased libido (n = 20 (9.9%)). The proportion of patients with symptoms did not differ between HHH and CHH or between male and female patients. Severe organ complications (cardiomyopathy, late onset type 1 diabetes or cirrhosis) were present in 14 patients (6.9%). CONCLUSIONS: We report a high proportion of compound HH, constituting almost one-third of patients. We found that the proportion of patients with symptoms did not differ between HHH and CHH and recommend that CHH should be treated and examined in the same way as HHH.

Discontinuation of Infliximab Therapy in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Whether infliximab therapy can be successfully discontinued after patients with Crohn's disease have attained sustained, clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic remission is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal study of infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease who were in clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic remission after standard infliximab maintenance therapy for at least 1 year. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to continue infliximab therapy or to receive matching placebo for 48 weeks. The primary end point was time to relapse. RESULTS: This study randomly assigned 115 patients to either the infliximab-continuation group or to the infliximab-discontinuation group. No relapses were observed among the 59 patients continuing infliximab, whereas 23 of 56 patients discontinuing infliximab experienced relapse. Time to relapse was significantly shorter among patients who discontinued infliximab than among those who continued infliximab (hazard ratio, 0.080; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.035 to 0.186; P<0.001). At the end of the trial at week 48, relapse-free survival was 100% in the infliximab-continuation group and 51% in the infliximab-discontinuation group. The key secondary end point, time to loss of remission, was significantly shorter among patients discontinuing infliximab therapy than those continuing infliximab (hazard ratio, 0.025; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.187; P<0.001). No unexpected adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuation of infliximab for patients with Crohn's disease receiving long-term infliximab therapy and in clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic remission leads to a considerable risk of relapse. (Funded by the Nordic Trial Alliance [NordForsk], the Medical Fund of the Danish Regions [Regionernes Medicin og Behandlingspulje], the Danish Colitis-Crohn Association, and the A.P. Moller Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01817426; EudraCT number, 2012-002702-51.)

Indications and diagnostic yield of small-bowel capsule endoscopy in a real-world setting.

BACKGROUND: Indications and diagnostic yield of small-bowel video capsule endoscopy (SB-VCE) are communicated in recent clinical academic guidelines. However, guidelines are based mainly on relatively few, small, selection-biased studies at experienced centers, and thus we lack information on indications and diagnostic yield of SB-VCE in the real-world community setting. The aim of the study was to evaluate indications and diagnostic yield of SB-VCE in the real-world community setting. METHODS: Our local VCE clinical database was used to identify patients undergoing SB-VCE procedures over a 7-year period (2011-2018). Patients were broadly referred and underwent SB-VCE using PillCam™ SB 2 and SB 3 capsule systems. Procedures were reviewed by local endoscopists, who had undergone similar formal SB-VCE review training. Medical reports of the procedures were composed as such. We retrospectively reviewed all reports and gathered data regarding indications and findings. Diagnostic yield was considered positive if SB-VCE visualized any type of clinically significant pathological finding. RESULTS: 536 SB-VCE procedures in 516 patients were included in final assessment. Patient mean (± SD) age was 50 ± 20 years with approximately even female/male ratio (275:241). The overall proportion of positive findings was 42% (225/536). The two main indications were obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (occult/anemia or overt/active, OGIB) of 46% (246/536) and definite/suspected Crohn's disease (CD) of 39% (210/536). Positive SB-VCE findings were obtained in 44% (108/246) of procedures with indication of OGIB and in 50% (104/210) of procedures with indication of CD. CONCLUSIONS: The indications for SB-VCE are largely consistent with guidelines but with an apparently relatively low diagnostic yield in our real-world community setting.