Fragmenting projectiles: a case report and literature review of the G2 Radically Invasive Projectile.

Innovations in projectile design present unique challenges for trauma surgeons when treating gunshot victims. The G2 Radically Invasive Projectile (G2 Research, Winder, Georgia, USA) (G2RIP) is a frangible, rapidly expanding bullet resulting in a distinct pattern of injury consisting of diffuse hemorrhage with multicavity trauma as well as unique radiographic features of the projectile. To efficiently manage patients injured by the G2RIP, trauma surgeons must be aware of these distinct characteristics, and of previous patterns in effective management such as liberal damage control and extensive use of CT. Understanding previous presentation and management of patients injured by the G2RIP can aid in improving patient care in the trauma center.

Pneumoperitoneum and PEG Dislodgement Secondary to Noninvasive Ventilation after PEG Tube Placement.

We present a previously undescribed complication after noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for respiratory failure in a patient who required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement for long-term nutrition after a complicated coronary bypass operation. A 54-year-old female diagnosed with unilateral vocal cord paralysis after emergent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) underwent an uncomplicated PEG tube placement. She was placed on intermittent NIV because of respiratory failure 24 hours after PEG placement, and NIV was continued for several days. Three days later, she was noted to have pneumoperitoneum on an upright chest X-ray. Abdominal CT scan revealed a large amount of pneumoperitoneum with the PEG tube in the correct position and no extravasation of enteric contrast from the stomach. Tube feeds were held and NIV was discontinued. Nonetheless, six days later, the patient was found on CT scan to have partial displacement of the PEG tube with leakage from the gastrotomy requiring operative repair. This case highlights the vulnerability of PEG tubes to management practices in the early postoperative period. Abdominal distention secondary to NIV likely caused pressure necrosis of the PEG site with dislodgement of the tube. This case elicits considerations regarding future management practices of patients receiving NIV in the early postoperative period after PEG placement.