Association of remnant cholesterol with CVD incidence: a general population cohort study in Southwest China.

Background: Emerging evidence has indicated that remnant cholesterol (RC) could predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Nevertheless, the relationship between RC and CVD risk, especially within the general Chinese population, remains scarce. Objective: The present research aimed to assess whether RC concentrations and CVD outcomes in general Chinese adults are related. Methods: The Cox proportional hazard model was established to explore the relationship between RC and the outcomes of CVD and CVD subgroups. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was utilized to investigate the dose-response connection between RC and the risk of CVD outcomes, and the ROC curve was used to calculate the corresponding cutoff values. Moreover, stratified analysis was conducted to investigate the potential effect modification in the association between RC and CVD outcomes. Results: Significant positive associations were found between elevated categorical RC and increased risk of CVD (HR Q4, 1.80; 95% CI 1.15-2.79; P-value = 0.008), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (HR Q4, 2.00; 95% CI 1.22-3.27; P-value = 0.007), stroke (HR Q4, 1.66; 95% CI 1.02-2.69; P-value = 0.040), and ischemic stroke (HR Q4, 1.87, 95% CI 1.08-3.25; P-value = 0.034), respectively. Our study suggested that the incidence of CVD outcomes increased when RC levels were above 0.75 mmol/L. Importantly, the CVD risks related to RC were more likely to be those found in subjects aged above 60 years, women, subjects with BMI <24 kg/m2, and subjects with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns. Conclusions: Aberrant high level of RC is associated with elevated CVD risk, independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Our data reveal urgent primary prevention for subjects with high RC levels to a low incidence of CVD, especially for the elderly, women, and those with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns.

Single and Joint Associations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure with Liver Function during Early Pregnancy.

The individual and combined associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolites on liver function during pregnancy are still lacking. We aimed to explore the connection between urinary PAH metabolites and liver function in early pregnant women in southwest China based on the Zunyi birth cohort. Ten urinary PAH metabolites and five liver function parameters during early pregnancy were measured. The associations of single PAHs with parameters of liver function were assessed using multiple linear regression. A Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was used to evaluate the joint associations of the PAH mixture with outcomes. We found that each 1% increment of urinary 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH-PHE) was associated with 3.36% (95% CI: 0.40%, 6.40%) higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and 2.22% (95% CI: 0.80%, 3.67%) higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Each 1% increment in 1-hydroxy-phenanthrene (1-OH-PHE) was significantly associated with 7.04% (95% CI: 1.61%, 12.75%) increased total bile acid (TBA). Additionally, there was a significant positive linear trend between 2-OH-PHE and AST and 1-OH-PHE and TBA. BKMR also showed a significant positive association of PAH mixture with AST. Our results indicate that PAH metabolites were associated with increased parameters of liver function among early pregnant women. Early pregnant women should pay more attention to the adverse relationships between PAHs and liver function parameters to prevent environment-related adverse perinatal outcomes.

Single and joint associations of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with blood coagulation function during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study.

Association linking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to blood coagulation function during pregnancy remains absent. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study including 679 late pregnant women (27.2 ± 5.1 years old) drawn from Zunyi birth cohort, Southwest China. During late pregnancy, ten urinary PAHs metabolites and four clinical blood coagulation parameters were measured, including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB). Multiple linear regression, Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile g-computation (Q-g) regression were used to investigate their single, nonlinear, and mixed associations. Each 2.7-fold increment in 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu), 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFlu), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHPhe), 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OHPhe), and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene (3-OHPhe) were associated with 0.287 s, 0.190 s, 0.487 s, and 0.396 s shorter APTT, respectively; each 2.7-fold increment in 2-OHPhe was associated with a 0.047 s longer PT; each 2.7-fold increment in 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPhe) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr) were associated with 0.087 s and 0.031 s shorter TT, respectively; and each 2.7-fold increment in 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-OHNap) was associated with 0.032 g/L higher FIB level. The nonlinear association of 2-OHPhe with APTT and 1-OHNap with FIB were also observed. Furthermore, the shortened APTT and TT associated with PAHs mixture were indicated by BKMR and Q-g model. BKMR also revealed a nonlinear association of 2-OHPhe with PT and an interaction effect of 2-OHPhe and 3-OHPhe on APTT. Our results indicate that urinary PAHs was associated with shortened coagulation time and increased FIB. Therefore, more attention should be paid for late pregnant women to prevent PAHs-associated risk of thrombosis. Future perspective studies to confirm our findings and explore the underlying biological mechanism are warranted.

Synthesis, molecular docking, and biofilm formation inhibitory activity of 5-substituted 3,4-dihalo-5h-furan-2-one derivatives on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) colonize on most wounds and live as biofilm, which causes antibiotic resistance and wounds unhealed. To investigate the effects of 5-substituted 3,4-dihalo-5H-furan-2-one compounds on biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, a set of 5-(aryl-1'-hydroxy-methyl)- or 5-(aryl-2-methylene)-3,4-dihalo-5H-furan-2-one compounds were designed and synthesized. Their inhibitory activities on biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa were studied by MIC assay, quantitative analysis of biofilm inhibition, and observation of biofilm formation with SEM. It was found that compounds 2i, 3f, 3i showed remarkable effects of biofilm formation inhibition on P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to identify the key structural features of these compounds with the binding site of LasR receptor.