ABSTRACT
Studies on understanding the human microbiome continue to grow rapidly; nonetheless, reports on alterations in the microbiome post HIV infection are limited. Human microbiome is an aggregate of bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea that have co-evolved with humans. These microbes have important roles in immune modulation, vitamin synthesis, metabolism etc. The human pharyngeal microbiome, which resides in the junction between digestive and respiratory tracts, might have a key role in the prevention of respiratory tract infections, akin to the actions of the intestinal microbiome against enteric infections. The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to various environmental and endogenous microbes; however, unlike other similar mucosal surfaces, there has been limited investigation of the microbiome of the respiratory tract. HIV infection is associated with alterations in the respiratory microbiome. The aim of this study was to use next-generation sequencing to determine the composition of the oropharyngeal microbiome in a HIV-positive individual. The bacterial composition was determined by illumina sequencing using MiSeq of partial 16S rRNA genes (V3-V4). A total of 3, 57,926 reads were analyzed. Overall, the genera Proteus, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Prevotella and Clostridium were most prevalent bacterial populations in the oropharynx of an HIV positive patient.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/microbiology , Microbiota , Oropharynx/microbiology , Bacteroides/isolation & purification , Bacteroides/metabolism , Clostridium/isolation & purification , Clostridium/metabolism , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Enterococcus/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Humans , Micrococcus/isolation & purification , Micrococcus/metabolism , Pharynx/microbiology , Phylogeny , Prevotella/isolation & purification , Prevotella/metabolism , Proteus/isolation & purification , Proteus/metabolism , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/isolation & purification , Respiratory System/metabolism , Respiratory System/microbiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the importance of patient, family, and health care professional education in enhancing oral care and adherence to treatment regimens. DATA SOURCE: Textbooks, review articles, and research studies. CONCLUSION: Oral complications of cancer therapy influence both patient outcomes and fiscal outcomes. Patient awareness of the importance of oral health improves adherence to the oral care standard. However, the lack of knowledge of health professionals is a barrier to implementing patient education and oral care standards. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Curriculum should incorporate oral assessment and oral hygiene. Training of oncology nurses must include assessment, prevention, and treatment of oral mucositis.