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1.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1356652, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469268

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The article analyzed homeless people's (HP) access to health and social protection policies and tailored inter-sector care, including emergency measures, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belo Horizonte (BH), capital of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It intended to provide data on HP and evaluate existing public policies focused on vulnerable populations during this health emergency. Methods: The study adopted a mixed-methods design with triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data. Results: Social cartography showed that in the early months of the pandemic, the health administration had difficulty reordering the health system, which experienced constant updates in the protocols but was nevertheless consolidated over the months. The evidence collected in the study showed that important emergency interventions in the municipality of BH involved activities that facilitated access by HP to the supply of services. Discussion: The existence of national guidelines for inter-sector care for HP cannot be ruled out as a positive influence, although the municipalities are responsible for their implementation. Significantly, a health emergency was necessary to intensify the relationship between health and social protection services. Roving services were among those with the greatest positive evidence, with the least need for infrastructure to be replicated at the local level. In addition, the temporary supply of various inter-sector services, simultaneously with the provision of day shelters by organized civil society, was considered a key factor for expanding and intensifying networks of care for HP during the emergency phase. A plan exists to continue and expand this model in the future. The study concluded that understanding the inter-sector variables that impact HP contributes to better targeting of investments in interventions that work at the root causes of these issues or that increase the effectiveness of health and social protection systems.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/prevention & control , Pandemics , Public Policy , Social Work , Brazil/epidemiology
2.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 28: e230433, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558201

ABSTRACT

O estudo objetivou identificar os sentidos produzidos pela comunicação dirigida à população em situação de rua (PSR) durante a pandemia de Covid-19 na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, analisaram-se 48 entrevistas realizadas com a PSR; gestores e trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde e do Sistema Único de Assistência Social; e representantes da Pastoral do Povo da Rua e da Defensoria Pública. Cinco temáticas identificadas respaldam os resultados e a discussão: pandemia e seu surgimento; fechamento da cidade e consequências para PSR; desinformação e reprodução de estigmas; desinformação e vacinação; e infodemia. Os resultados indicaram que a comunicação relacionada à pandemia foi considerada como fator de menor importância no planejamento público, ocasionando impacto negativo no enfrentamento social da doença. Destaca-se a importância de estratégias de comunicação públicas, inclusivas, dialógicas - com identificação e escuta dos grupos populacionais vulneráveis - e adaptadas às suas necessidades.


This study aimed to identify meanings produced by communication directed at the homeless population during the Covid-19 pandemic in Belo Horizonte. Forty-eight interviews with homeless people, Brazilian National Health System and Brazilian National Social Assistance System managers and workers, and representatives of the Pastoral Ministry for the Homeless and Public Defender's Office were analyzed using content analysis. The results and discussion are structured around five core themes: the pandemic and its onset; closure of the city and the consequences for homeless people; disinformation and reproduction of stigmas; disinformation and vaccination; and the infodemic. The results suggest that communication related to the pandemic was seen as a minor factor in public planning that negatively impacted coping with the disease. The findings highlight the importance of identifying and listening to vulnerable groups and promoting inclusive and dialogical public communication strategies tailored to their specific needs.


El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los sentidos producidos por la comunicación dirigida a la Población que Vive en la Calle (PSR) durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte. Por medio de la técnica de análisis de contenido se analizaron 48 entrevistas realizadas con esa población, gestores y trabajadores del Sistema Brasileño de Salud y Sistema Brasileño de Asistencia Social, representantes de la Pastoral de la Población que vive en la Calle y la Defensoría Pública. Cinco temáticas identificadas respaldan los resultados y la discusión: la pandemia y su aparición; cierre de la ciudad y consecuencias para la Población que vive en la Calle; desinformación y reproducción de estigmas; desinformación y vacunación; e infodemia. Los resultados indicaron que la comunicación relacionada con la pandemia se consideró como factor de menor importancia en la planificación pública, ocasionando impacto negativo en el enfrentamiento social de la enfermedad. Se destaca la importancia de estrategias de comunicación públicas, incluyentes y dialógicas, con identificación y escucha de los grupos poblacionales vulnerables y adaptadas a sus necesidades.

3.
Cad. Ibero-Am. Direito Sanit. (Online) ; 12(4): 161-174, out.-dez.2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1523783

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: investigar as possibilidades de atuação de uma clínica jurídica em direitos humanos diante de uma emergência sanitária com efeitos dramáticos para mulheres e meninas vulneráveis. Metodologia: estudo de caso da atuação do Cravinas, projeto de extensão da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) que atua como uma clínica jurídica em direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Resultados: a grave crise de saúde gerada pela COVID-19 reposicionou as prioridades do Cravinas para evidenciar cuidados em saúde abertamente atacados pelo governo federal. A atuação da clínica priorizou ações de acesso à informação, de formação em saúde e direitos e de litígio estratégico, em uma constelação de estratégias atenta e engajada na defesa de populações que nunca estiveram nas prioridades da agenda pública. Conclusão: diante de um cenário de crise, as clínicas jurídicas podem ajudar a propor urgências contra-hegemônicas capazes de responder a problemas e a cuidar de pessoas que estão fora da agenda prioritária das políticas públicas ligadas à pandemia.


Objective: to explore the potential actions of intervention by a legal clinic focusing on human rights in the context of a health emergency with severe repercussions for vulnerable women and girls. Methods:the research adopts a case study approach, examining the activities of Cravinas, an extension project at the University of Brasilia (UnB) that operates as a pro bono office specializing in sexual and reproductive rights. The investigation specifically delves into Cravinas' initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results:the profound health crisis induced by COVID-19 prompted Cravinas to realign its priorities, emphasizing healthcare under open attack by the federal government. The clinic's interventions were centered around providing access to information, delivering health and rights training, and engaging in strategic litigation. These strategies collectively constituted a conscientious and committed effort to defend populations that historically found themselves outside the ambit of public policy priorities. Conclusion: in the face of a crisis, legal clinics possess the potential to propose counter-hegemonic urgencies, offering responses to challenges and providing support for individuals not prioritized in public policies linked to the pandemic.


Objetivo: investigar las posibilidades de actuación de una clínica jurídica en derechos humanos ante una emergencia sanitaria con efectos dramáticos para mujeres y niñas vulnerables. Metodología: estudio de caso del trabajo de Cravinas, proyecto de extensión de la Universidad de Brasilia (UnB) que presta asistencia legal gratuita por los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Resultados: la grave crisis sanitaria generada por el COVID-19 reposicionó las prioridades de Cravinas para poner de relieve la atención sanitaria abiertamente atacada por el gobierno federal. Las acciones de la clínica priorizaron el acceso a la información, la capacitación en salud y derechos y el litigio estratégico, en una constelación de estrategias atentas y comprometidas con la defensa de poblaciones que nunca habían estado en las prioridades de la agenda pública. Conclusión: frente a un escenario de crisis, las clínicas jurídicas pueden ayudar a proponer urgencias contra hegemónicas capaces de responder a los problemas y atender a las personas que están fuera de la agenda prioritaria de las políticas públicas vinculadas a la pandemia.


Subject(s)
Health Law
4.
Infect Dis Ther ; 12(5): 1237-1264, 2023 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37097556

ABSTRACT

The rapid rollout of vaccines to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic over the past 2 years has resulted in the use of various vaccine platforms and regional differences in COVID-19 vaccine implementation strategies. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize evolving COVID-19 vaccine recommendations in countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa and the Middle East across various vaccine platforms, age groups, and specific subpopulations. Nuances in primary and booster vaccination schedules were evaluated, and the preliminary impact of such diverse vaccination strategies are discussed, including key vaccine effectiveness data in the era of Omicron-lineage variants. Primary vaccination rates for included Latin American countries were 71-94% for adults and between 41% and 98% for adolescents and children; rates for first booster in adults were 36-85%. Primary vaccination rates for adults in the included Asian countries ranged from 64% in the Philippines to 98% in Malaysia, with corresponding booster rates varying from 9% in India to 78% in Singapore; for adolescents and children, primary vaccination rates ranged from 29% in the Philippines to 93% in Malaysia. Across included African and Middle Eastern countries, primary vaccination rates in adults varied widely from 32% in South Africa to 99% in the United Arab Emirates; booster rates ranged from 5% in South Africa to 60% in Bahrain. Evidence from the regions studied indicates preference of using an mRNA vaccine as a booster on the basis of safety and effectiveness of observed real-world data, especially during circulation of Omicron lineages. Vaccination against COVID-19 remains of paramount importance to reduce the burden of disease; strategies to overcome vaccine inequity, fatigue, hesitancy, and misinformation and to ensure adequate access and supply are also important.

5.
Rev. CEFAC ; 24(2): e6921, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394605

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify, through a scoping review, the categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health described in studies on aphasia. Methods: the search was performed by DECs, MeSH terms and free terms related to the "International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health" and "aphasia" in five databases, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, and four search engines of grey literature. The PRISMA recommendations were used. EndNote and Rayyan managers were used to remove duplicates and read titles, abstracts and full studies. Papers that contained "aphasia" and some aspect from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health were eligible, published from 2001. The data recorded were: type of study, level of evidence, sample, objectives and categories. Literature Review: 1,366 studies were located in the databases and 341 in the grey literature. The mostly described first level categories in the 13 selected studies were: Structures of the Nervous System (Brain); Mental Functions (Language); Communication (Conversation); Support and Relationships (Immediate Family). Gender and age were some of the most identified Personal Factors. Conclusion: this review provides support to the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for performance with people with aphasia.


RESUMO Objetivo: identificar, por meio de uma revisão de escopo, as categorias da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde descritas em estudos sobre as afasias. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science e em quatro buscadores da literatura cinzenta a partir dos DECs, termos Mesh e termos livres relacionados à "International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health" e à "aphasia". As recomendações do PRISMA foram utilizadas. Os gerenciadores EndNote e Rayyan foram usados para remoção das duplicatas e para a leitura dos títulos, resumos e textos completos. Foram elegíveis os trabalhos que incluíam "afasia" e algum conceito da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde; publicados a partir de 2001. As informações registradas foram: tipo de estudo, nível de evidência, amostra, objetivos e categorias. Revisão de Literatura: foram localizados 1366 trabalhos nas bases de dados e 341 na literatura cinzenta. As categorias de primeiro nível mais descritas nos 13 estudos selecionados foram: Estruturas do Sistema Nervoso (Cérebro); Funções Mentais (Linguagem); Comunicação (Conversação); Apoio e Relacionamentos (Família Nuclear). Sexo e idade foram alguns dos Fatores Pessoais mais identificados. Conclusão: esta revisão fornece suporte para recomendar o uso da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde na atuação com pessoas com afasia.

6.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 29(2): e290211, 2019. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040767

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo de caso objetivou analisar o cuidado à saúde de famílias assentadas no interior do Estado de Pernambuco, mediante observação participante, entrevistas individuais com profissionais de saúde e representante do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - MST, grupos focais com as famílias de dois assentamentos e diário de campo. Observou-se que as práticas de saúde estavam relacionadas ao cuidado popular por meio do uso de plantas medicinais, ações de prevenção, como vacinação, puericultura, acompanhamento a hipertensos e diabéticos, tratamento da água e destino do lixo. Identificou-se que fatores socioeconômicos, culturais e educacionais impactavam, de maneira negativa, na condição de saúde, enquanto a formação dos profissionais e a capacidade resolutiva da Atenção Primária limitavam a oferta de ações. Apesar de as práticas de saúde estarem de acordo com a Política Nacional da Atenção Básica, havia lacunas entre o fazer saúde técnico e o fazer saúde popular. Destacaram-se as ações realizadas pelo Movimento, como o diagnóstico da condição de saúde e planejamento, a partir da educação popular. As necessidades de saúde apresentadas pelas famílias demandavam das equipes competências e habilidades específicas para o cuidado à saúde integral implicado com a realidade socioeconômica, cultural e sanitária dos assentamentos da Reforma Agrária.


Abstract This case study aimed to analyze the health care of families settled in the countryside of Pernambuco state, Brazil, through participant observation, individual interviews with health professionals and representative of the Landless Workers Movement (MST), focus groups with families from two settlements and field diary. Health practices were related to the popular care through the use of medicinal plants, preventive actions, such as vaccination, childcare, monitoring of hypertensive and diabetic patients, water treatment and waste destination. We identified that socioeconomic, cultural and educational factors had a negative impact on health conditions, while the training of professionals and the resolving capacity of Primary Care limited the supply of actions. Although health practices were in accordance with the National Primary Care Policy, there were gaps between making technical health and making health popular. The actions carried out by the Movement were highlighted, such as the diagnosis of health status and planning, based on popular education. The health needs presented by the families demanded of the teams specific skills and abilities for the integral health care implied with the socioeconomic, cultural and sanitary reality of the Agrarian Reform settlements.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Brazil , Health Status , Rural Health , Qualitative Research , Health Policy , Health Services Needs and Demand , Medicine, Traditional
7.
Rev. APS ; 18(4): 539-543, out. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-424

ABSTRACT

Este relato de experiência conta a história de um projeto de extensão que envolveu o encontro entre profissionais da saúde em formação (residentes em saúde) e famílias camponesas de um assentamento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, no município de Moreno/ PE, de julho de 2012 a agosto de 2013. Por meio dessa vivência, referenciada na Educação Popular, foi possível experienciarmos a construção coletiva de outras perspectivas do cuidado, da educação e da formação em saúde, possibilitando o intercâmbio de saberes com a população do campo e os movimentos sociais, fortalecendo a autonomia, a participação social e o cuidado em saúde com base nos conhecimentos populares.


This experience report tells the story about a university extension project that involved the gathering of health professionals in training (residents in the health area) and peasant families of the Landless Rural Workers' Movement, in the municipality of Moreno, Pernambuco, Brazil. Through this project inspired in Popular Education it was possible to experience the collective construction of other perspectives of health care, education, and training, allowing for an exchange of knowledge with the rural population and social movements, strengthening their autonomy, social participation, and health care based on popular knowledge.


Subject(s)
Rural Health , Health Education , Family Health , Community-Institutional Relations , Social Participation , Health Promotion
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