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1.
Clin Radiol ; 76(11): 864.e13-864.e23, 2021 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34420686

ABSTRACT

Thermal ablation is a minimally invasive technique that is growing in acceptance and popularity in the management of early lung cancers. Although curative resection remains the optimal treatment strategy for stage I pulmonary malignancies, percutaneous ablative treatments may also be considered for selected patients. These techniques can additionally be used in the treatment of oligometastatic disease. Thermal ablation of early lung tumours can be achieved using several different techniques. For example, microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) utilise extreme heat, whereas cryoablation uses extremely cold temperatures to cause necrosis and ultimately cell death. Typically, post-ablation imaging studies are performed within the first 1-3 months with subsequent imaging performed at regular intervals to ensure treatment response and to evaluate for signs of recurrent disease. Surveillance imaging is usually undertaken with computed tomography (CT) and integrated positron-emission tomography (PET)/CT. Typical imaging findings are usually seen on CT and PET/CT following thermal ablation of lung tumours, and it is vital that radiologists are familiar with these appearances. In addition, radiologists should be aware of the imaging findings that indicate local recurrence following ablation. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the expected post-treatment findings on CT and PET/CT following thermal ablation of early primary lung malignancies, as well as describing the imaging appearances of local recurrence.


Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Catheter Ablation , Humans , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Treatment Outcome
2.
Ann Dyslexia ; 71(1): 1-4, 2021 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33630230
3.
Jpn J Radiol ; 38(12): 1190-1196, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32767200

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Bibliometric analysis is a quantitative assessment of the academic literature in a particular field. The aim of our study was to characterize the 100 top-cited articles regarding transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 'Web of Science' database was used to identify the leading articles regarding TACE for HCC. We determined the top 100 articles according to citations and performed an analysis on year of publication, authorship, department affiliation, publishing journal, institution and country of origin, subject matter and article type. RESULTS: The top-cited articles received between 92 and 2254 citations (median 283.4). The top 100 papers were published in 32 journals between 1983 and 2016. Cancer, Radiology and Hepatology published the most articles (n = 40). Internal medicine was the department affiliation of the first author in 49%. The country providing the most highly cited articles was Japan (n = 24). CONCLUSION: We performed an analysis of the 100 top-cited articles dealing with TACE for HCC, presenting a detailed list of the most influential and historically significant papers. Japan was the country that produced the most top-cited articles, highlighting its key contribution to this field of the literature.


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/statistics & numerical data , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Databases, Bibliographic , Humans , Japan , Periodicals as Topic , Radiology
4.
Adv Cogn Psychol ; 14(3): 112-125, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32337001

ABSTRACT

We examined whether a general processing factor emerges when using response times for cognitive processing tasks and whether such a factor is valid across three different cultural groups (Chinese, Canadian, and Greek). Three hundred twenty university students from Canada (n = 115), China (n = 110), and Cyprus (n = 95) were assessed on an adaptation of the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (D-N CAS; Naglieri & Das, 1997). Three alternative models were contrasted: a distinct abilities processing speed model (Model 1) that is dictated by the latent four cognitive factors of planning, attention, simultaneous and successive (PASS) processing, a unitary ability processing speed model (Model 2) that is dictated by the response time nature of all measures, and a bifactor model (Model 3) which included the latent scores of Models 1 and 2 and served as the full model. Results of structural equation modeling showed that (a) the model representing processing speed as a collection of four cognitive processes rather than a unitary processing speed factor was the most parsimonious, and (b) the loadings of the obtained factors were invariant across the three cultural groups. These findings enhance our understanding of the nature of speed of processing across diverse cultures and suggest that even when cognitive processes (i.e., PASS) are operationalized with response time measures, the processing component dominates speed.

6.
Res Dev Disabil ; 49-50: 118-28, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26704777

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to examine what component of executive functions (EF) - planning and working memory - predicts reading comprehension in young adults (Study 1), and (b) to examine if less skilled comprehenders experience deficits in the EF components (Study 2). In Study 1, we assessed 178 university students (120 females; mean age=21.82 years) on planning (Planned Connections, Planned Codes, and Planned Patterns), working memory (Listening Span, Digit Span Backward, and Digit Memory), and reading comprehension (Nelson-Denny Reading Test). The results of structural equation modeling indicated that only planning was a significant predictor of reading comprehension. In Study 2, we assessed 30 university students with a specific reading comprehension deficit (19 females; mean age=23.01 years) and 30 controls (18 females; mean age=22.77 years) on planning (Planned Connections and Crack the Code) and working memory (Listening Span and Digit Span Backward). The results showed that less skilled comprehenders performed significantly poorer than controls only in planning. Taken together, the findings of both studies suggest that planning is the preeminent component of EF that is driving its relationship with reading comprehension in young adults.


Subject(s)
Comprehension , Executive Function , Memory, Short-Term , Reading , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult
7.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 112(46): 14174-9, 2015 Nov 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26542683

ABSTRACT

In subduction zones, sediments, hydrothermally altered lithosphere, fluids, and atmospheric gases are transported into the mantle, where ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism takes place. However, the extent to which atmospheric noble gases are trapped in minerals crystallized during UHP metamorphism is unknown. We measured Ar and Ne trapped in phengite and omphacite from the youngest known UHP terrane on Earth to determine the composition of Ar and Ne returned from mantle depths to the surface by forearc recycling. An (40)Ar/(39)Ar age [7.93 ± 0.10 My (1σ)] for phengite is interpreted as the timing of crystallization at mantle depths and indicates that (40)Ar/(39)Ar phengite ages reliably record the timing of UHP metamorphism. Both phengite and omphacite yielded atmospheric (38)Ar/(36)Ar and (20)Ne/(22)Ne. Our study provides the first documentation, to our knowledge, of entrapment of atmospheric Ar and Ne in phengite and omphacite. Results indicate that a subduction barrier for atmospheric-derived noble gases does not exist at mantle depths associated with UHP metamorphism. We show that the crystallization age together with the isotopic composition of nonradiogenic noble gases trapped in minerals formed during subsolidus crystallization at mantle depths can be used to unambiguously assess forearc recycling of atmospheric noble gases. The flux of atmospheric noble gas entering the deep Earth through subduction and returning to the surface cannot be fully realized until the abundances of atmospheric noble gases trapped in exhumed UHP rocks are known.

8.
J Learn Disabil ; 48(5): 535-45, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24395082

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to examine the nature of the working memory and general cognitive ability deficits experienced by university students with a specific reading comprehension deficit. A total of 32 university students with poor reading comprehension but average word-reading skills and 60 age-matched controls with no comprehension difficulties participated in the study. The participants were assessed on three verbal working memory tasks that varied in terms of their processing demands and on the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System, which was used to operationalize intelligence. The results indicated first that the differences between poor and skilled comprehenders on working memory were amplified as the processing demands of the tasks increased. In addition, although poor comprehenders as a group had average intelligence, they experienced significant difficulties in simultaneous and successive processing. Considering that working memory and general cognitive ability are highly correlated processes, these findings suggest that the observed differences between poor and skilled comprehenders are likely a result of a deficient information processing system.


Subject(s)
Comprehension/physiology , Intelligence/physiology , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Reading , Students , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Universities , Young Adult
10.
Ir J Med Sci ; 181(4): 499-509, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22426901

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the relative diagnostic performance of MDCT, PET/CT and Primovist-enhanced MRI (P-MRI) in the pre-resection work-up of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. METHOD AND MATERIALS: This was a retrospective study of consecutive referrals for CRC liver metastases. All patients had MDCT, PET/CT and P-MRI examinations within 3 months of each other. They were divided into 2 groups: resected and unresected. Patients in the resected group underwent liver resection within 3 months of the imaging studies. In the unresected group, patients were unresectable by imaging criteria or are awaiting surgery. Standard of reference (SOR) was intra-operative ultrasound findings and pathology for the resected group. Intermodality comparison was the SOR for the unresected group. Number of lesions identified by each imaging modality for each patient was recorded. Sensitivity (95% CI) and PPV were calculated for each imaging modality in the resected group. RESULTS: There were 19 patients in the resected group and 11 patients in the unresected group. The sensitivity (96%) and PPV (0.91) of P-MRI were both superior to that of MDCT (P = 0.0009) and PET/CT (P = 0.0003). Intermodality comparison showed that P-MRI detected more lesions than MDCT and PET/CT. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity and PPV of P-MRI was superior to that of MDCT and PET/CT. P-MRI probably has the most added value if used after MDCT and PET/CT in patients still considered eligible for liver resection.


Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Gadolinium DTPA , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Multimodal Imaging , Positron-Emission Tomography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adult , Aged , Contrast Media , Female , Hepatectomy , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
11.
J Learn Disabil ; 45(6): 526-37, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21490169

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to examine the extent to which Chinese dyslexic children experience deficits in phonological and orthographic processing skills and (b) to examine if Chinese dyslexia is associated with deficits in Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) processing. A total of 27 Grade 4 children with dyslexia (DYS), 27 Grade 4 chronological age (CA) controls, and 27 Grade 2 reading age (RA) controls were tested on measures of phonological awareness, rapid naming, phonological memory, PASS, reading accuracy, and reading fluency. The results indicated that the DYS group performed significantly poorer than the CA and RA groups on both measures of phonological awareness and on a measure of orthographic processing but comparably to the RA group on a measure of rapid naming and both measures of phonological memory. In regard to the PASS processing skills, the DYS group performed worse than the CA controls on Successive and Simultaneous processing but comparably to the RA group on all PASS processing skills. Implications of these findings for early identification and intervention of reading difficulties are discussed.


Subject(s)
Cognition , Dyslexia/psychology , Child , China , Female , Humans , Language , Language Tests , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , Phonetics , Psychological Tests , Reading
13.
Ir Med J ; 104(3): 90-1, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21667616

ABSTRACT

Rapidly progressive acute respiratory failure attributed to 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection has been reported worldwide-3. Refractory hypoxaemia despite conventional mechanical ventilation and lung protective strategies has resulted in the use a combination of rescue therapies, such as conservative fluid management, prone positioning, inhaled nitric oxide, high frequency oscillatory ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)4. ECMO allows for pulmonary or cardiopulmonary support as an adjunct to respiratory and cardiac failure, minimising ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI). This permits treatment of the underlying disease process, while concurrently allowing for recovery of the acute lung injury. This case documents a previously healthy twenty-two year old Asian male patient with confirmed pandemic (H 1N1) 2009 influenza A who was successfully managed with ECMO in the setting of severe refractory hypoxaemia and progressive hypercapnia.


Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Disease Progression , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Humans , Hypercapnia/etiology , Hypoxia/etiology , Male , Young Adult
14.
Res Dev Disabil ; 32(5): 1988-97, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21571501

ABSTRACT

This study aims to measure the psychometric properties of the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (D-N CAS) and to determine its clinical utility in a Chinese context. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the construct validity of the Chinese version of the D-N CAS among a group of 567, normally developed children. Test-retest reliability was examined in a random subsample of 30 children at a five-week interval. The clinical discrimination of the D-N CAS was also examined by comparing children with and without ADHD (18 children in each group) and by comparing children with and without Chinese reading disabilities (18 children in each group). The current Chinese sample demonstrated a four-factor solution for cognitive performance among children with normal development: Planning, Attention, Simultaneous processing and Successive processing (χ2(48)=91.90, p=.000; χ2/df=1.92, RMSEA=.050, GFI=.966, CFI=.954). Moreover, all subtests of the battery demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability (r=.72-.90, p<.01) at a five-week interval among the subjects of the small subsample. Children with ADHD performed significantly worse than normal children on the Attention factor (p<.001) and the Planning factor (p<.05) of the D-N CAS, and children with Chinese reading disabilities performed significantly worse than normal children on the Simultaneous processing factor (p<.01), the Successive processing factor (p<.001) and the Planning factor (p<.05) of the D-N CAS. These findings suggested that the current four-factor structure of the D-N CAS was similar to the original factor structure of the test. The latent factor of the D-N CAS was fairly stable across the cultures. Moreover, the D-N CAS can distinguish between children with ADHD or Chinese reading disabilities and normally developed children.


Subject(s)
Asian People , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Child Development , Dyslexia/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/standards , Psychometrics/standards , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Child , Cognition , Diagnosis, Differential , Dyslexia/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Psychometrics/methods , Reading , Reproducibility of Results
15.
J Learn Disabil ; 42(1): 76-84, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18987265

ABSTRACT

According to Gough and Tunmer's Simple View of Reading, Reading Comprehension = Decoding (D) x Listening Comprehension (C). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the model with a sample of First Nations children, known to have average decoding and listening comprehension but poor reading comprehension. In addition, the authors examined the contribution of naming speed and phonological awareness to reading comprehension beyond the effects of D and C. Consistent with the findings of previous studies, the children exhibited poor reading comprehension despite average performance in decoding and listening comprehension, a finding that challenges the simple view of reading. The results also revealed that an additive model (D + C) fitted the data equally well as a product model (D x C). Neither naming speed nor phonological awareness accounted for unique variance.


Subject(s)
Comprehension , Dyslexia/diagnosis , Indians, North American/education , Reading , Achievement , Attention , Awareness , Canada , Child , Dyslexia/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Phonetics , Reaction Time , Speech Perception , Speech Production Measurement
16.
J Learn Disabil ; 40(5): 443-57, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17915499

ABSTRACT

Forty-five Grade 3 students from a reservation school in Western Canada were divided into two remedial groups and a no-risk control group. One remedial group was given a classroom-administered cognitive enhancement program (COGENT) throughout the school year. The second group received COGENT for the first half of the year followed by a pull-out cognitive-based reading enhancement program (PREP). Children were assessed across phonological awareness, rapid naming, reading, and cognitive ability at the beginning of the year, mid-term, and at the end of the school year. MANOVA results showed a significant interaction for reading measures, with students receiving classroom intervention over the school year making the greatest gains. Results are discussed in terms of group, remediation program, and individual participant improvements.


Subject(s)
Dyslexia/therapy , Indians, North American/education , Remedial Teaching/methods , Aptitude , Aptitude Tests , Canada , Child , Comprehension , Curriculum , Dyslexia/ethnology , Education, Special/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Phonetics , Verbal Learning
17.
Psychol Rep ; 91(3 Pt 1): 813-24, 2002 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12530728

ABSTRACT

Widespread learning problems among South African children are associated with the apartheid era and show a need for effective reading programs. In selecting these programs, it is useful to differentiate between children with dyslexia and children whose reading is poor because teaching was inadequate. In this study, the Woodcock Tests of Reading Mastery-Revised and tests modelled on the Cognitive Assessment System were used to define a group of children with deficits in successive processing associated with dyslexia and a group of children with general reading delay. There were two girls and five boys in each group. For the children with successive processing deficit, the mean age was 9 yr., 8 mo. For the other group, mean age was 9 yr., 3 mo. Control groups were matched for age and sex and kind of reading difficulty. The first group received Das's PASS Reading Enhancement Program, and the second participated in a remedial program based on Whole Language principles. The treatment groups received 24 1-hr. long sessions. Gains in successive processing were shown for the first group, as measured by the tests modelled on Cognitive Assessment System subtests but not for the second group. Both groups showed gains in phonics and word identification, relative to their respective control groups, suggesting the respective intervention program was effective for each group.


Subject(s)
Attention , Black or African American/education , Dyslexia/diagnosis , Phonetics , Remedial Teaching/methods , Serial Learning , Black or African American/psychology , Black People , Child , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Dyslexia/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Memory, Short-Term , South Africa
18.
Neuropsychol Rev ; 9(2): 107-16, 1999 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10509733

ABSTRACT

The first part of this article presents an operational battery of tasks for measuring the four cognitive processes of Planning, Arousal-Attention, and Simultaneous and Successive processing (PASS) not only based on the qualitative data provided in Luria's syndrome analysis, but also taken from tasks in experimental cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. The second part of the article presents a remedial program based on PASS for enhancement of reading. Because this part provides in some detail the efficacy of the remedial procedure, it simultaneously validates the PASS constructs as well. In both parts of the article, I have been unmistakably guided by Luria's views: Tests are approaches to investigating cognitive functions, and the purpose of testing is to guide rehabilitation.


Subject(s)
Brain/physiology , Cognition/physiology , Models, Neurological , Models, Psychological , Neuropsychological Tests , Neuropsychology/trends , Cognition Disorders/classification , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/rehabilitation , Dyslexia/rehabilitation , History, 20th Century , Humans , Neuropsychology/history , Neuropsychology/methods , Russia
19.
Neuropsychol Rev ; 9(1): 53-6, 1999 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10468377

ABSTRACT

The biographical sketches from Luria's life reveal the capricious political changes and their effect on the development of Soviet neuropsychology. The picture that emerges is of an individual who survived several ideological reprisals. He introduced Vygotsky into the mainstream of psychology, and continued to advance the study of cognitive functions within the context of neuroanatomy of the brain. And yet, he had an open mind judged by his interest in Freud, and welcoming to his clinic pioneers of psychology such as Piaget, Bruner and Pribram. Also included are intimate impressions of a daughter of her father, who like his young mentor, Vygotsky was a near-genius. He was unvanquished by adversities, doggedly working away to extend the frontiers of the science of human mind.


Subject(s)
Neuropsychology/history , History, 20th Century , Humans , Russia
20.
Res Dev Disabil ; 16(6): 461-78, 1995.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8584766

ABSTRACT

This study examined decline in cognitive functions in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) over the age of 40 in comparison to participants of the same age and comparable mental handicap without Down syndrome (NonDS). Both DS (n = 32) and NonDS (n = 31) samples were divided into "younger" (40-49 years) and "older" (50-62) groups. Cognitive processes were examined by tests of general intellectual functioning (Dementia Rating Scale, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised, and the Matrix Analogies Test-Expanded form), as well as planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive processing tests taken from Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System. The older individuals with Down syndrome performed more poorly than those in the other three groups. The differences were particularly evident in tasks requiring planning and attention. The possibility of using these tests as indicators of the early signs of Alzheimer's disease is discussed.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Down Syndrome/psychology , Adult , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Attention , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Discrimination Learning , Down Syndrome/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intelligence , Male , Mental Recall , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Problem Solving , Psychometrics , Reference Values
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