ABSTRACT
The introduction of anterior-segment optical-coherence tomography (AS-OCT) has led to improved assessments of the anatomy of the iridocorneal-angle and diagnoses of several mechanisms of angle closure which often result in raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Continuous advancements in AS-OCT technology and software, along with an extensive research in the field, have resulted in a wide range of possible parameters that may be used to diagnose and follow up on patients with this spectrum of diseases. However, the clinical relevance of such variables needs to be explored thoroughly. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence supporting the use of AS-OCT for the diagnosis and follow-up of several iridocorneal-angle and anterior-chamber alterations, focusing on the advantages and downsides of this technology.
Subject(s)
Conjunctivitis , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Humans , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Multiple myeloma (MM) therapy is evolving, and several new drugs are now available, extending patients' life and exposure to different compounds and toxicities. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study enrolling 93 consecutive patients on active treatment for MM, aiming to assess their ocular complications. All the patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation. In our cohort, prevalence of low visual acuity was in line with similar age healthy population reported in registry studies. Interestingly, we recorded a higher prevalence of lens opacities (46%) and dry eye syndrome (53%). Nevertheless, we did not find any significant association between ocular disorders and anti-myeloma treatments, even steroid therapy. This observation suggests that other factors besides treatments, such as M-protein deposition in eye structures, may have a role in developing ocular toxicities. Since MM patients are elderly patients at higher risk of age-related eye disorders, we recommend periodic ophthalmic assessment in daily practice.
Subject(s)
Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Eye Diseases/etiology , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Multiple Myeloma/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Susceptibility , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Myeloma/therapy , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
El proceso de cambio de hábitos comienza con la educación del paciente, promocionando el desarrollo de un aceptable control de la placa. Dentro de este contexto, varios métodos se emplean para ejecutarlo, sin embargo el valor de cepillado en la prevención depende no solo del tipo de cepillo de dientes, sino también en la técnica de cepillado apropiada y del tiempo que se dedique a la ejecución del mismo. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar los tiempos de cepillado con técnica habitual y de Bass en estudiantes de la Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva de la Universidad del Pacífico. El estudio es cuasi-experimental e incluyó la participación de 21 estudiantes del primer año de la carrera de Odontología matriculados en el 2014.En la clase previa al desarrollo del contenido programático "Control mecánico de placa microbiana", se invitó a participar del estudio a todos los estudiantes. Con un espejo de rostro y el cepillo personal del estudiante se le solicitó a cada uno que proceda a cepillarse con su técnica habitual y posterior a la clase, con la de Bass, se registraron en la ficha los tiempos que cada uno tomo, en segundos, a través cronómetro digital. El tiempo promedio con la técnica de Bass fue significativamente (p<0,0001) mayor que con la técnica habitual (193,9±51,9versus 109,6±34,5segundos). El mayor tiempo que se ocupa para el cepillado con la técnica de Bass puede resultar particularmente importante, considerando que el ritmo actual de vida del estudiante y de la población en general implica una carrera contra reloj, limitando así las posibilidades de un adecuado control mecánico de la placa microbiana, reconocida como uno de los más importantes factores cariogénico y periodontopático.
The process of changing habits starts with patients education, promoting thedevelopment of an acceptable plaque control. Within this context, several methods areused, however, the value of brushing in prevention depends not only on the type oftoothbrush, but also in the art of proper brushing and time devoted to the execution of it.The aim of this study was to compare regular brushing times and Bass techniques instudents of the Department of Preventive Dentistry at the Universidad del Pacífico. TheQuasi-experimental study involves the participation of 21 first year students of the career ofDentistry enrolled in 2014. In the previous class to the development of the content"Mechanical control of microbial plaque", all students were invited to participate in thisstudy. Using a mirror and personal thoot brushe very student was asked to proceed to brushing with conventional technique and after class using Bass technique, time spent inevery process was measured by a digital stopwatch and written in the file. The average timeusing Bass technique was significantly greater than (p <0.0001) using the standardtechnique (193.9 ± 51.9 versus 109.6 ± 34.5 seconds). More time dealing for brushingusing Bass technique may be particularly important given the current pace of student lifeand the population generally involves a time rush, limiting the possibilities of a suitablemechanical control of microbial plaque, recognized as one of the more important cariogenicand periodontopathic facts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Toothbrushing/methods , Time and Motion Studies , Dental PlaqueABSTRACT
Introdución: El conocimiento adecuado de aspectos sobre prevención de caries dental, puede resultar fundamental para mantener un estado de salud bucal óptimo. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre prevención de caries dental en estudiantes de carreras distintas a Odontología de la Universidad del Pacífico, matriculados en el año 2015. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, donde participaron 131 estudiantes, que completaron una encuesta con 10 preguntas cerradas sobre mecanismos de prevención de la caries dental. Resultados: Pertenecían al sexo femenino 63.4%; procedían de Asunción 58,8%, el promedio de edad fue de 20 años. Solo el 8,4% respondió que bacterias que dañan los dientes aparecen en el niño desde que se transmite, considerando sólo un 25,1% a la caries dental transmisible. El 41,2% contestó que es tan importante la técnica de cepillado como la marca del cepillo. Sólo el 19,1% cree que se debe realizar limpieza bucal desde el nacimiento, mientras que el 56,5% desde que erupciona el primer diente. Así también, solo un 35,1% consideró que los dientes deciduos cariados deben ser tratados para conservar el espacio de los permanentes. El nivel de conocimientos fue insuficiente (1-2 aciertos) en 8,4%; aceptable (3-4 aciertos) en 43,5%; (5-6 aciertos) en 41,2%; (7-8 aciertos) en 6,9% y ninguno obtuvo excelente. Conclusiones: Menos de la mitad presentó conocimiento muy bueno sobre prevención de la caries dental, lo que indicaría que en la población de estudio se necesita promocionar estrategias para conseguir una buena salud bucodental.
Introduction: Adequate knowledge of dental caries prevention may be critical to maintain optimal oral health status. objective: to determine the dental caries prevention related knowledge among Universidad del Pacífico students, in different faculties than Dentistry, enrolled in the year 2015. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 131 undergraduate students, who completed a survey of 10 closed questions on caries prevention mechanisms. Results: 63.4% were female; 58.8% came from Asunción city, the average age was 20. Only 8.4% said bacteria that damage the teeth appear in the child right from the moment bacteria reach child's mouth and only 25.2% considered dental caries as transmissible. 41.2% consider brushing techniques and brush brand as very important. Only 19.1% believed that dental cleaning should be performed at birth, while 56.5% since the first tooth erupts. Likewise, only 35.1% considered temporary teeth decayed must be treated to keep space for future permanent teeth. Knowledge level was insufficient (1-2 hits) at 8.4%; acceptable (3-4 hits) in 43.5%; good (5-6 hits) in 41.2%; very good (7-8 hits) on 6.9% and none got excellent. Conclusions: Less than half the students have good knowledge about dental caries prevention, which would indicate that the study population needed strategies to reach good oral health habits.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, poorly controlled with or intolerance to beta-blockers. To record the short-term effect on diastolic ocular perfusion pressure (DOPP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred and three patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were treated with travoprost 0.004% once daily for 90 days in an open-label, non-controlled study. Efficacy and safety were assessed at baseline, after 45 and 90 days. Clinical registry number IT0301. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure, IOP, was recorded at 10 am, 12 pm, and 4 pm at each visit. DOPP was evaluated at 10 am, at baseline and visit 3. Safety measures included adverse events, biomicroscopy, visual acuity, heart rate, and blood pressure. RESULTS: Mean IOP was reduced from 22.2 +/- 1.7 mmHg to 16.5 +/- 2.1 after 45 days (p < 0.0001), and to 16.1 +/- 2.2 after 90 days (p < 0.0001). The DOPP increased by 5.3 +/- 6.3 mmHg after 90 days of treatment (p < 0.0001). No drug related serious adverse events were reported during the study. CONCLUSIONS: The open-label and non-comparative nature of the study represented its principal limitations. The study confirmed the efficacy and tolerability of travoprost in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, in a subset of patients unsuccessfully treated with beta-blockers. In this study, travoprost significantly increased DOPP at short-term follow-up. Further studies to assess the effect of travoprost on DOPP are warranted.
