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1.
PLoS Comput Biol ; 12(4): e1004884, 2016 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27124473

ABSTRACT

The advent of functional genomics has enabled the genome-wide characterization of the molecular state of cells and tissues, virtually at every level of biological organization. The difficulty in organizing and mining this unprecedented amount of information has stimulated the development of computational methods designed to infer the underlying structure of regulatory networks from observational data. These important developments had a profound impact in biological sciences since they triggered the development of a novel data-driven investigative approach. In cancer research, this strategy has been particularly successful. It has contributed to the identification of novel biomarkers, to a better characterization of disease heterogeneity and to a more in depth understanding of cancer pathophysiology. However, so far these approaches have not explicitly addressed the challenge of identifying networks representing the interaction of different cell types in a complex tissue. Since these interactions represent an essential part of the biology of both diseased and healthy tissues, it is of paramount importance that this challenge is addressed. Here we report the definition of a network reverse engineering strategy designed to infer directional signals linking adjacent cell types within a complex tissue. The application of this inference strategy to prostate cancer genome-wide expression profiling data validated the approach and revealed that normal epithelial cells exert an anti-tumour activity on prostate carcinoma cells. Moreover, by using a Bayesian hierarchical model integrating genetics and gene expression data and combining this with survival analysis, we show that the expression of putative cell communication genes related to focal adhesion and secretion is affected by epistatic gene copy number variation and it is predictive of patient survival. Ultimately, this study represents a generalizable approach to the challenge of deciphering cell communication networks in a wide spectrum of biological systems.


Subject(s)
Gene Regulatory Networks , Prostate/cytology , Prostate/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Bayes Theorem , Cell Communication , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Coculture Techniques , Computational Biology , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Male , Models, Biological , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Signal Transduction/genetics
2.
Cad. pesqui ; Cad. pesqui;40(141): 857-880, Dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese, English | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-52494

ABSTRACT

O artigo examina as disposições educacionais nas Leis Orgânicas dos 92 municípios fluminenses e constata que elas apresentam pouca originalidade, pois são principalmente cópias das Constituições Federal e Estadual do Rio de Janeiro e de modelos fornecidos por consultorias legislativas ou partidos políticos. Observa que a maioria contém as mesmas formulações e os mesmos equívocos das Constituições e que existem as que até copiam errado artigos dos textos base, o que provavelmente não ocorreria se os vereadores tivessem elaborado as leis de maneira autônoma. Algumas Leis Orgânicas apresentam, contudo, contribuições originais, tanto positivas (aumento do percentual mínimo da receita orçamentária municipal para a educação) quanto negativas (redução desse percentual através de emendas). O estudo mostra como é frágil o exercício concreto da autonomia municipal na elaboração dessas leis em uma perspectiva democrática e como é ilusória a ideia de muitos que no âmbito local o exercício da cidadania é mais fácil.(AU)


The article examines the educational provisions in the constitutions of the 92 municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro and finds that they show little originality, for they are mainly a copy of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, the State Constitution of Rio de Janeiro and of models sold by consultancies especialized in the sale of legal packages or supplied by political parties. It puts forward the argument that many municipal constitutions are copies of such models because they repeat the same formulations, which would not probably occur if the councillors had drafted the municipal constitutiosn autonomously. However, a number of municipal constitutions contain original contributions, both positive (increasing the minimum percentage of taxes to education) and negative (reduction of this percentage by means of amendments to the municipal constitutions. This indicates the fragility of the concrete exercise of municipal autonomy in the drafting of municipal constitutions from a democratic perspective and the illusion that many have that the exercise of citizenship is easier on a local level.(AU)

3.
Cad. pesqui ; Cad. pesqui;(113): 113-jul. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-17851

ABSTRACT

O trabalho analisa a legislação bem como documentos produzidos pelo Ministério da Educação sobre o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério e acerca da remuneração/valorização docente, e conclui que as dificuldades de compreensão do tema originam-se, em boa medida, de formulações não uniformes na própria legislaçãoe nos muitos equívocos contidos nos documentos oficiais que pretendem oferecer explicação e orientação(AU)

4.
Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagogicos ; 194(80): 19-27, jan./abr. 1999.
Article | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-16107

ABSTRACT

Mostra a pouca confiabilidade dos orgaos estatais no que se refere a aplicacao (Secretaria de Educacao) e fiscalizacao (Tribunais de Contas) dos recursos vinculados a educacao e aponta elementos para uma avaliacao e um controle social de tais recursos. Com base na experiencia de analise dos orcamentos de varias prefeituras fluminenses e do governo estadual, foram detectadas falhas tecnicas nos pareceres do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre agosto d 1985 e dezembro de 1996, como o desconhecimento da Lei numero 7.348, que definia as despesas que poderiam ser consideradas de manutencao e desenvolvimento do ensino. Alem disso, os conselheiros do Tribunal sao nomeados segundo criterios exclusivamente politicos, nao se levando em conta a sua competencia tecnica. Por isso, um dos principais desafios atuais e garantir a aplicacao efetiva dos recursos constitucionalmente vinculados a educacao, atraves do maior controle social sobre os governantes e autoridades em geral.


Subject(s)
Education , Social Control, Formal , Public Administration , Education , Social Control, Formal , Public Administration
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