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1.
J Int Med Res ; 52(3): 3000605241233140, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38460545

ABSTRACT

Health registries are organized systems that collect data on individuals with a particular disease, condition or exposure. The aim of this narrative review was to provide an integrated perspective from the Research Department at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina, on how health registries can be used as a bridge between healthcare, research, education, innovation and development while addressing ethical challenges. The review includes a description of the experience of a registry implemented at our institution, which has provided healthcare for 170 years, and is committed to support, education and research. We focus on the potential of health registries to provide better value healthcare by reducing healthcare costs and improving health outcomes and quality of care, and to improve medical knowledge. However, we also acknowledge and discuss the challenges that accompany these achievements, such as that of ethical issues. Through effective collaboration and integration with other healthcare stakeholders, health registries can be a powerful tool to promote better health.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Hospitals , Humans , Registries , Educational Status
2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 120(6): 391-397, dic. 2022. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1397709

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los trastornos en el neurodesarrolloinfantil constituyen un 10 % de las causasde discapacidad en la niñez. La búsquedade atención médica configura itinerariosterapéuticos, entendidos como los procesos de búsqueda y atención para el cuidado de la salud, donde surgen oportunidades de diagnósticoy tratamiento. El objetivo fue explorar dichos itinerarios para comprender las oportunidades y barreras que se presentan para instaurarterapias y pautas de crianza que promuevan el neurodesarrollo. Población y métodos. Estudio cualitativomediante entrevistas en profundidad a madres y padres de niños (de junio de 2018 a noviembre de 2019). El análisis se realizó sobre la base del modelo social de la discapacidad y del de desarrollo infantil propuesto por Vygotsky. Resultados. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas.Considerando la edad de inicio de los itinerarios terapéuticos y el diagnóstico, se identificaron dos grupos: aquellos que los comenzaron desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años (inicio precoz) y quienes lo hicieron a partir de los 3 años (inicio en la primera infancia e infancia tardía). En el primero se habilita tempranamente la búsqueda de tratamiento, mientras que en el segundo se prolongaron en el tiempo las decisiones sobre el inicio y/o el tipo de terapias. El inicio tardío se acompañó de dificultades en la escuela, períodosde incertidumbre, angustia y/o conflictosfamiliares por las complejidades de la crianza. Conclusiones. Los itinerarios terapéuticos seiniciaron en forma precoz en algunos casos y tardía en otros. El inicio de tratamientos permitióincorporar herramientas para acortar la brecha de incongruencia entre las líneas biológica y cultural de desarrollo.


Introduction. Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders account for 10% of the causes of childhood disability. The search for medical care leads to therapeutic itineraries routes taken by individuals to seek health care where diagnostic and treatment opportunities arise. Our objective was to explore these itineraries in order to understand the opportunities and barriers to the implementation of therapies and child rearing patterns promoting neurodevelopment. Population and methods. Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with children's parents (between June 2018 and November 2019). The analysis was based on the social model of disability and Vygotsky's approach to child development. Results. A total of 16 interviews were conducted. Considering the time of diagnosis and the age when the therapeutic itinerary started, 2 groups were identified: those who started from birth to 2 years old (early initiation) and those who started from 3 years old (late childhood initiation). In the first group, the search for treatment starts at an early stage, while in the other group, decisions on the initiation and/or type of treatments are prolonged over time. Late initiation was accompanied by difficulties in school, periods of uncertainty, distress and/or family conflicts due to the complexities of parenting. Conclusions. Therapeutic itineraries started early in some cases and at a later stage in others. The initiation of treatments made it possible to use tools to bridge the gap of discrepancies between the biological and cultural lines of development.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Disabled Children , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/etiology , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/therapy , Parents , Child Rearing , Parenting
3.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 120(6): 391-397, 2022 12.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36374057

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders account for 10% of the causes of childhood disability. The search for medical care leads to therapeutic itineraries routes taken by individuals to seek health care where diagnostic and treatment opportunities arise. Our objective was to explore these itineraries in order to understand the opportunities and barriers to the implementation of therapies and child rearing patterns promoting neurodevelopment. POPULATION AND METHODS: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with children's parents (between June 2018 and November 2019). The analysis was based on the social model of disability and Vygotsky's approach to child development. RESULTS: A total of 16 interviews were conducted. Considering the time of diagnosis and the age when the therapeutic itinerary started, 2 groups were identified: those who started from birth to 2 years old (early initiation) and those who started from 3 years old (late childhood initiation). In the first group, the search for treatment starts at an early stage, while in the other group, decisions on the initiation and/or type of treatments are prolonged over time. Late initiation was accompanied by difficulties in school, periods of uncertainty, distress and/or family conflicts due to the complexities of parenting. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic itineraries started early in some cases and at a later stage in others. The initiation of treatments made it possible to use tools to bridge the gap of discrepancies between the biological and cultural lines of development.


Introducción. Los trastornos en el neurodesarrollo infantil constituyen un 10 % de las causas de discapacidad en la niñez. La búsqueda de atención médica configura itinerarios terapéuticos, entendidos como los procesos de búsqueda y atención para el cuidado de la salud, donde surgen oportunidades de diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivo fue explorar dichos itinerarios para comprender las oportunidades y barreras que se presentan para instaurar terapias y pautas de crianza que promuevan el neurodesarrollo. Población y métodos. Estudio cualitativo mediante entrevistas en profundidad a madres y padres de niños (de junio de 2018 a noviembre de 2019). El análisis se realizó sobre la base del modelo social de la discapacidad y del de desarrollo infantil propuesto por Vygotsky. Resultados. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas. Considerando la edad de inicio de los itinerarios terapéuticos y el diagnóstico, se identificaron dos grupos: aquellos que los comenzaron desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años (inicio precoz) y quienes lo hicieron a partir de los 3 años (inicio en la primera infancia e infancia tardía). En el primero se habilita tempranamente la búsqueda de tratamiento, mientras que en el segundo se prolongaron en el tiempo las decisiones sobre el inicio y/o el tipo de terapias. El inicio tardío se acompañó de dificultades en la escuela, períodos de incertidumbre, angustia y/o conflictos familiares por las complejidades de la crianza. Conclusiones. Los itinerarios terapéuticos se iniciaron en forma precoz en algunos casos y tardía en otros. El inicio de tratamientos permitió incorporar herramientas para acortar la brecha de incongruencia entre las líneas biológica y cultural de desarrollo.


Subject(s)
Disabled Children , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Child , Humans , Child, Preschool , Parents , Parenting , Child Rearing , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/etiology , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/therapy
4.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 25(3): 242-258, 2022 07 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36265111

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To explore perceptions, concerns and needs of healthcare professionals in an emergency department (ED) from Argentina. METHODS: Participatory action research, coordinated and carried out by ED healthcare professionals, which included physicians, nurses and administrative staff who actively engaged in both data collection and analysis. Mixed methodologies were used: documentary analysis of complaints and written claims by patients, 10 individual interviews, and two reflective focus groups of 10 healthcare professionals (who differed in occupation, seniority and experience, including residents in training). RESULTS: The topics that emerged were work factors that lead to errors and threaten patient-centered clinical encounters: work overload and lack of time, the overuse of resources for defensive medicine purposes and technology that replaces physical contact. Healthcare professionals reported episodes of aggression by patients or their families, when long waits and structural insufficiencies (such as lack of beds, saturation of the waiting room, discomfort) threaten patience and tolerance. From these insights, improvements were generated in various areas of the ED. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of problems by the ED stakeholders l was a relevant approach that led to a process of collective management change, promoted reflection and raised awareness, allowing the identification of areas for improvement, design strategies and concrete feasible proposals.


OBJETIVO: Explorar las percepciones, preocupaciones y necesidades del personal de salud en una Central de Emergencias de Adultos (CEA) de Argentina. Métodos: Investigación o acción participativa, coordinada y ejecutada por el propio personal de la CEA, que incluyó médicos/as, personal de enfermería y administrativo/as para participar activamente en la recolección de información y en el análisis. Se utilizaron metodologías mixtas: análisis documental de quejas y reclamaciones escritas por parte de los pacientes, 10 entrevistas individuales y 2 grupos focales reflexivos con 10 integrantes del personal de salud (de diferente cargo y antigüedad, y residentes en formación). RESULTADOS: Los tópicos emergentes fueron factores laborales que inducen al error y atentan contra el encuentro clínico centrado en la persona: la sobrecarga y la falta de tiempo, la sobreutilización de recursos por medicina defensiva y la tecnología que reemplaza el contacto físico. El personal de salud manifestó episodios de agresiones de pacientes o sus familiares, cuando las largas esperas y las insuficiencias estructurales (como falta de camas, saturación de sala de espera, incomodidad) atentan contra la paciencia y la tolerancia. A partir de esta reflexión se generaron mejoras en diversas áreas de la CEA. CONCLUSIONES: La identificación de las problemáticas realizadas por los propios actores de la CEA resultó un método pertinente para generar un proceso de cambio de gestión colectiva, promover la reflexión y concientizar, permitir identificar áreas de mejora, diseñar estrategias y propuestas concretas.


Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital , Health Personnel , Humans , Argentina , Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Services Research
5.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 42(3): 152-157, sept. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1396878

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años surge el concepto de Una Sola Salud que reconoce la interdependencia sistémica al observar que los cambios en la salud humana se expresan de manera sincrónica e indivisible de la salud del ambiente. Nuevas enfermedades y daños crónicos inespecíficos ocurren a la par de la pérdida de biodiversidad y vitalidad. En las últimas décadas venimos observando el surgimiento de "adaptaciones sistémicas" que requieren un abordaje desde la clínica y la toxicología a nivel individual y desde la epidemiología de la complejidad a nivel poblacional. Luego de un largo recorrido de investigaciones, el Hospital Italiano formalizó el consultorio de Salud Ambiental con la intención de brindar respuesta a la demanda de pacientes que atribuyen síntomas y signos a la polución ambiental. (AU)


In recent years, the concept of One Health has emerged, recognizing the systemic interdependence and the changes in human health that are expressed synchronously and indivisible from the environment. New diseases and nonspecific chronic damage are occuring in parallel with the loss of biodiversity and vitality.In recent decades we have observed the appearance of "systemic adaptations" that require a clinical and toxicological approach at the individual level, and address the population level from an epidemiological and complexity science paradigm. After many years of research, the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires formalized the Environmental Health consulting office and the measurement of glyphosate levels, giving answer to the demand of patients who associate their signs and symptoms to environmental pollution. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Environmental Health/organization & administration , Impacts of Polution on Health , One Health , Hospitals, University/organization & administration , Environmental Health/methods , Public Health/methods , Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/toxicity , Environmental Exposure , Herbicides/toxicity
6.
Andes Pediatr ; 93(5): 668-679, 2022 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37906887

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to know the practices and risk perception of household pesticides (HPs) of mothers and fathers of children in early developmental stages. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Quali tative research carried out in 2015. We conducted interviews in 18 homes with mothers and fathers of children aged 0 to 3 years registered in the General Health Insurance Plan of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires). The analytical categories were identified, interpre tive analytical categories of higher-level abstraction were conceptualized, and finally, diagrams were constructed to represent and organize the findings. RESULTS: The interviews showed that mothers and fathers: 1) used HPs regularly, 2) showed low concern for the health hazards of HPs and other hou sehold chemicals, except for a small, more sensitized group of parents, 3) they were more concerned regarding mosquito bites than exposure of their children to HPs, 4) relied on fumigation services and the normative framework that regulates them, and 5) expressed interest and willingness to receive more information and orientation from the pediatrician about the safe use of chemical products at home. Other analytical categories showed a constant parental adjustment between toxicity, patho genicity, hygiene, and well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Since home exposures levels to HPs considered safe for adults may be toxicologically relevant for young children, government and health agencies should provide parents with tools to decode HPs marketing and publicity messages, as well as to conceptua lize the relationship between HPs use and childhood health disorders.


Subject(s)
Pesticides , Female , Adult , Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Parents , Mothers , Perception
7.
Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba ; 78(4): 430-436, 2021 12 28.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34962741

ABSTRACT

Aim of study: identify consultation reasons, experiences with seeking dermatological assistance and skin care strategies within neighbours from an urban deprived settlement in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. This setting lies onto a sanitary landfill with a high index of environmental contamination. Materials and methods: a dermatological health care team from the main local hospital designed a dermatological assistance device (DAD), in cooperation with social leaders and institutions of the neighborhood. The DADs included walks around the neighborhood for attending those who could not get a consultation. The experiences were evaluated through a qualitative research strategy, developed from the theoretical framework of Sociocultural Epidemiology. Those who attended the DADs were interviewed. Ethnographic field notes were also recorded. Multiple accessibility barriers to the public health care system were identified and self care practices were also recognized. Results: The most frequent consultations to the DADs were for "pimples", "stains'' and "lumps" on exposed areas of the skin. These lesions generated discomfort or pain, or even affected the interviewees aesthetically or emotionally. Most of them were associated to extremely dry skin and a high sun exposure, in connection with the lack of shade in the neighbourhood. An initiative to plant trees was promoted in order to prevent sun radiation-induced dermatoses. Conclusion: the reflective immersion of the dermatology team in the realm of the neighborhood daily life enabled the development of attention strategies grounded on the perceived needs of the population.


Objetivo: analizar motivos de consulta, experiencias y formas de atención de las afecciones dermatológicas de la población de un asentamiento de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, ubicado sobre un relleno sanitario con altos índices de contaminación ambiental. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa, mediante entrevistas en profundidad a vecinos/as y elaboración de registros etnográficos de las recorridas. La investigación se realizó en el contexto de un dispositivo de atención dermatológica, planificado en conjunto con referentes barriales, bajo el marco teórico de la Epidemiología Sociocultural. Resultados: se identificaron múltiples barreras de accesibilidad a la atención dermatológica en el sistema público de salud, y prácticas de autoatención como el uso de cremas, medidas de higiene y uso de elementos de protección personal para trabajos que significaban un riesgo para la salud. Las consultas al dispositivo más frecuentes fueron "granos", "manchas", "bultitos" en zonas visibles del cuerpo, que generaban molestia, dolor y/o afectaban estética y emocionalmente a lo/as entrevistado/as. Estas consultas se relacionaban principalmente con piel extremadamente seca y patologías por alta exposición solar, coincidiendo con la escasez de sombra en el barrio. Para prevenir patologías relacionadas a la exposición solar, se impulsó una iniciativa para plantar árboles. Conclusión: a partir de la inmersión reflexiva del equipo de atención, en las experiencias de atención de lo/as habitantes del barrio, se desplegaron estrategias según las necesidades percibidas por la población.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Referral and Consultation , Hospitals , Humans , Patient Care Team , Qualitative Research
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(3): 219-228, jun. 2020. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125073

ABSTRACT

Se observa un proceso de feminización de la profesión médica, sin embargo, el acceso masivo de las mujeres se asocia a nuevas desigualdades de género, denominadas segregación horizontal y vertical. La segregación horizontal se manifiesta en la desigual distribución de hombres y mujeres en ciertas especialidades médicas y la segregación vertical, en la escasa representación de las mujeres en la mayoría de los altos cargos profesionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar cómo se distribuyen hombres y mujeres en las distintas instancias del proceso que implica el ingreso al sistema de residencias médicas de un hospital universitario de Buenos Aires, Argentina y analizar la segregación horizontal y vertical de género en el proceso de ingreso a las residencias médicas. A partir de datos de postulantes a un hospital universitario, en el período 2015-2017, se realizó un análisis de regresión logística múltiple para ajustar el odds ratio de ser hombre o mujer con potenciales confundidores. No se observó asociación entre ser hombre o mujer y la realización del examen, su aprobación y el ingreso a entrevista. El odds ratio ajustado para el ingreso a la residencia de los hombres con respecto a las mujeres fue 2.03 (1.44-2.85). Para las residencias quirúrgicas fue 2.75 (1.54-4.92) y para las clínicas fue 1.89 (1.17-3.00). En la inscripción, las mujeres optaron mayormente por residencias clínicas, y los hombres por quirúrgicas. Se observó segregación horizontal y vertical en el proceso de ingreso a la residencia. Visibilizar la segregación de género permitirá generar una sociedad equitativa.


A process of feminization of the medical profession is observed, however, the massive access of women is associated with new gender inequalities named horizontal and vertical segregation. Horizontal segregation manifests itself in the unequal distribution of men and women in certain medical specialties and vertical segregation, in the limited representation of women in most high professional positions. The objective of this study was to determine how men and women are distributed in the different stages of the process that involves entering the medical residency system of an universitary hospital from Buenos Aires, Argentina, and to analyze the horizontal and vertical segregation of gender in the process of admission to medical residencies. Based on data from applicants to an universitary hospital, in the 2015-2017 period, a multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust the odds ratio of being male or female with potential confounders. There was no association between being man or woman and the performance of the exam, its approval and the admission to the interview. The adjusted odds ratio for the admission to the residency of men with respect to women was 2.03 (1.44-2.85). For the surgical residencies it was 2.75 (1.54-4.92) and for clinical it was 1.89 (1.17-3.00). In the inscription, women opted mainly for clinical residencies, and men for surgical purposes. Horizontal and vertical segregation was observed in the process of the residency. Making gender segregation visible will allow generating an equitable society.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data , Medical Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Argentina , Logistic Models , Sex Factors , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Statistics, Nonparametric
9.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 80(3): 219-228, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32442936

ABSTRACT

A process of feminization of the medical profession is observed, however, the massive access of women is associated with new gender inequalities named horizontal and vertical segregation. Horizontal segregation manifests itself in the unequal distribution of men and women in certain medical specialties and vertical segregation, in the limited representation of women in most high professional positions. The objective of this study was to determine how men and women are distributed in the different stages of the process that involves entering the medical residency system of an universitary hospital from Buenos Aires, Argentina, and to analyze the horizontal and vertical segregation of gender in the process of admission to medical residencies. Based on data from applicants to an universitary hospital, in the 2015-2017 period, a multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust the odds ratio of being male or female with potential confounders. There was no association between being man or woman and the performance of the exam, its approval and the admission to the interview. The adjusted odds ratio for the admission to the residency of men with respect to women was 2.03 (1.44-2.85). For the surgical residencies it was 2.75 (1.54-4.92) and for clinical it was 1.89 (1.17-3.00). In the inscription, women opted mainly for clinical residencies, and men for surgical purposes. Horizontal and vertical segregation was observed in the process of the residency. Making gender segregation visible will allow generating an equitable society.


Se observa un proceso de feminización de la profesión médica, sin embargo, el acceso masivo de las mujeres se asocia a nuevas desigualdades de género, denominadas segregación horizontal y vertical. La segregación horizontal se manifiesta en la desigual distribución de hombres y mujeres en ciertas especialidades médicas y la segregación vertical, en la escasa representación de las mujeres en la mayoría de los altos cargos profesionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar cómo se distribuyen hombres y mujeres en las distintas instancias del proceso que implica el ingreso al sistema de residencias médicas de un hospital universitario de Buenos Aires, Argentina y analizar la segregación horizontal y vertical de género en el proceso de ingreso a las residencias médicas. A partir de datos de postulantes a un hospital universitario, en el período 2015-2017, se realizó un análisis de regresión logística múltiple para ajustar el odds ratio de ser hombre o mujer con potenciales confundidores. No se observó asociación entre ser hombre o mujer y la realización del examen, su aprobación y el ingreso a entrevista. El odds ratio ajustado para el ingreso a la residencia de los hombres con respecto a las mujeres fue 2.03 (1.44-2.85). Para las residencias quirúrgicas fue 2.75 (1.54-4.92) y para las clínicas fue 1.89 (1.17-3.00). En la inscripción, las mujeres optaron mayormente por residencias clínicas, y los hombres por quirúrgicas. Se observó segregación horizontal y vertical en el proceso de ingreso a la residencia. Visibilizar la segregación de género permitirá generar una sociedad equitativa.


Subject(s)
Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data , Medical Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Argentina , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Young Adult
10.
Home Health Care Serv Q ; 38(3): 153-161, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31106701

ABSTRACT

In this retrospective cohort study in Argentina, risk factors for hospital readmission of older adults, within 72 hours after hospital discharge with home care services, were analyzed. Fifty-three percent of unplanned emergency room visits within 72 hours after hospital discharge resulted in hospital readmissions, 65% of which were potentially avoidable. By multivariate logistic regression, low functionality, pressure ulcers, and age over 83 years predicted hospital readmission among emergency room attendees. It is important to identify and analyze barriers in current home care services and the high-risk population of hospital readmission to improve the strategies to avoid adverse outcomes.


Subject(s)
Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/economics , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Patient Discharge/economics , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Patient Readmission/economics , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Argentina , Female , Home Care Services/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Length of Stay , Logistic Models , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , United States
11.
Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Dirección de Investigación en Salud; 2018. 1-34 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | ARGMSAL, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1392696

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN El creciente número de pacientes en la Central de Emergencias (CE) conlleva múltiples dificultades en el proceso de atención, afectando negativamente tanto la seguridad como la calidad asistencial, con consecuentes inconformidades por parte de los pacientes. OBJETIVO Generar un proceso de cambio de gestión colectiva explorando preocupaciones, necesidades y percepciones de los usuarios sobre la atención recibida en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Promover la reflexión sobre los hallazgos con el propio personal de salud, permitiendo identificar áreas de mejora, diseñar estrategias, y evaluar propuestas concretas de elaboración conjunta. MÉTODOS La Investigación-Acción-Participativa es un enfoque cualitativo de investigación e intervención, que genera información involucrando a los propios colectivos. La recolección de datos se ha realizado mediante; análisis colectivo de documentos (quejas y reclamos); reuniones de grupo; 10 entrevistas individuales al personal de salud; y grupos focales de reflexión. RESULTADOS Los usuarios percibieron que los tópicos emergentes que atentan contra la calidad de atención fueron; tiempo de demora, insatisfacción en la atención profesional (médica, administrativa y/o enfermería), destrato, errores diagnósticos e insuficiencias estructurales (falta de camas, saturación de sala de espera, incomodidad). Mientras que los profesionales de la CE identificaron las siguientes dimensiones; exceso de carga laboral, escaso tiempo de consulta, ausencia de recursos específicos, ausencia de formación o experiencia para la complejidad del paciente. Manifestaron algunos sentimientos negativos (desgaste, miedo, medicina defensiva) que atentan contra el encuentro clínico centrado en el paciente (falta de tiempo que induce al error, sobreutilización de recursos por exigencias y disponibilidad, tecnología que reemplaza el contacto físico), e implican subsiguientes problemas de comunicación, dificultando el intercambio de información. DISCUSIÓN La incorporación activa de todas las dimensiones organizacionales en la toma de decisiones resultó imprescindible para lograr sensibilización y concientización. Constituyó una significación de los problemas que aquejan a la comunidad ante los ojos de los propios involucrados, representó un espacio reflexivo que facilitará el cambio hacia una calidad de atención centrada en el paciente


Subject(s)
Patient Satisfaction , Emergencies , Emergency Medical Services
12.
Methods Inf Med ; 56(S 01): e13-e19, 2017 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28144682

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed: 1) to conceptualize the theoretical challenges facing health information systems (HIS) to represent patients' decisions about health and medical treatments in everyday life; 2) to suggest approaches for modeling these processes. METHODS: The conceptualization of the theoretical and methodological challenges was discussed in 2015 during a series of interdisciplinary meetings attended by health informatics staff, epidemiologists and health professionals working in quality management and primary and secondary prevention of chronic diseases of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, together with sociologists, anthropologists and e-health stakeholders. RESULTS: HIS are facing the need and challenge to represent social human processes based on constructivist and complexity theories, which are the current frameworks of human sciences for understanding human learning and socio-cultural changes. Computer systems based on these theories can model processes of social construction of concrete and subjective entities and the interrelationships between them. These theories could be implemented, among other ways, through the mapping of health assets, analysis of social impact through community trials and modeling of complexity with system simulation tools. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggested the need to complement the traditional linear causal explanations of disease onset (and treatments) that are the bases for models of analysis of HIS with constructivist and complexity frameworks. Both may enlighten the complex interrelationships among patients, health services and the health system. The aim of this strategy is to clarify people's decision making processes to improve the efficiency, quality and equity of the health services and the health system.


Subject(s)
Clinical Decision-Making/methods , Decision Making/physiology , Decision Support Systems, Clinical/organization & administration , Decision Support Techniques , Electronic Health Records/organization & administration , Health Information Systems/organization & administration , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Humans , Models, Organizational
13.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 6(25): 25-31, dic. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869547

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: los estilos de vida poco saludables (sedentarismo, alimentación industrializada, tabaquismo, estrés) son fenómenos propios de las sociedades modernas que causan enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, patologías adquiridasde alto impacto poblacional. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la factibilidady la eficacia de una estrategia participativa para desarrollar elprograma ALS (Ambiente Laboral Saludable) en una institución médica (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires). MÉTODOS: Se realizó una investigación-acción participativa con metodología cualitativa y medición antes-después (cuatro meses) con encuesta ALS.RESULTADOS: La factibilidad dependió de la motivación inicial de algunos actores que contagiaron a sus pares. La participación de la línea media jerárquica constituyó un facilitador para definir cómo incorporar frutas y reglar la actividad física durante elhorario laboral. Las barreras fueron: dificultad para tomar la palabra y roles activos de construcción del espacio laboral. Se observaron descensos estadísticamente significativos en elconsumo de golosinas (1,6 a 0,9 días, p 0,02), tartas y empanadas (1,2 a 0,8 días, p 0,03) y un aumento significativo en el consumo de frutas (2,8 a 3,5 días, p 0,03). CONCLUSIONES: Para favorecerla factibilidad del programa ALS, es necesario dotar de innovación temprana al equipo de intervención, iniciar las actividades con soporte externo (hasta la aparición de líderes internos) y mediar la reflexión analítica conjunta.


INTRODUCTION: unhealthy lifestyles (sedentary lifestyle, industrial food system, smoking, stress) are typical ofmodern societies and cause non-communicable chronic diseases,acquired pathologies with high impact on population. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a participatorystrategy to develop the ALS program (Healthy Working Environment) in a medical institution (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires). METHODS: A participatory action research was conducted, including qualitative methodology and measurement before and after intervention (four months) with ALS survey. RESULTS: Thefeasibility depended on the initial motivation of some actors, which had a positive influence on peers. The participation of the hierarchical midline was a facilitator to define how to incorpórate fruits and to regulate physical activity during the work time. The barriers were: difficulty to take the floor and assume active roles in building the workplace. There was a statistically significant decrease in the consumption of candies (1.6 to 0.9 days, p 0.02), tarts and “empanadas” (1.2 to 0.8 days, p 0.03) as well as a significant increase in fruit consumption (2.8 to 3.5 days, p 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In order to increase the feasibility of the ALS program, it is necessary to provide the intervention team with early innovation, start the activities with external support(until the development of internal leaders), and promote a joint analytical reflection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Disease , Occupational Health , Social Participation
14.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 33(2): 55-59, jun. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-130622

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de conocimiento y consumo del cigarrillo electrónico (CE) en personas que asistieron, al menos una vez, a los consultorios del Programa de Control del Tabaco del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires para dejar de fumar.Métodos: estudio de corte transversal a través de encuestas administradas telefónicamente o por correo electrónico entre agosto y noviembre de 2011 a una muestra aleatorizada obtenida de la base de datos de quienes consultaron a dicho programa entre enero de 2008 y julio de 2011.Resultados: fueron invitadas 288 personas, de las cuales 81 completaron su encuesta (tasa de respuesta 31.7%). El 71.6% de los respondedores refirió tener conocimiento acerca del cigarrillo electrónico, pero el 74.1% desconocía si los organismos de salud aprobaron su consumo y si este dispositivo puede generarles algún riesgo o beneficio a su salud.Conclusiones: la mayoría de los encuestados desconoce la eficacia, la seguridad y la actual regulación de la comercialización del CE en la Argentina. Es necesario realizar investigaciones que permitan desarrollar un enfoque normativo basado en la evidencia.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Tobacco Use Cessation , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Tobacco Use Cessation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nicotiana/adverse effects
15.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 33(2): 55-59, jun. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695453

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de conocimiento y consumo del cigarrillo electrónico (CE) en personas que asistieron, al menos una vez, a los consultorios del Programa de Control del Tabaco del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires para dejar de fumar.Métodos: estudio de corte transversal a través de encuestas administradas telefónicamente o por correo electrónico entre agosto y noviembre de 2011 a una muestra aleatorizada obtenida de la base de datos de quienes consultaron a dicho programa entre enero de 2008 y julio de 2011.Resultados: fueron invitadas 288 personas, de las cuales 81 completaron su encuesta (tasa de respuesta 31.7%). El 71.6% de los respondedores refirió tener conocimiento acerca del cigarrillo electrónico, pero el 74.1% desconocía si los organismos de salud aprobaron su consumo y si este dispositivo puede generarles algún riesgo o beneficio a su salud.Conclusiones: la mayoría de los encuestados desconoce la eficacia, la seguridad y la actual regulación de la comercialización del CE en la Argentina. Es necesario realizar investigaciones que permitan desarrollar un enfoque normativo basado en la evidencia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Smoking Cessation , Tobacco Use Cessation , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Nicotiana/adverse effects
16.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 72(6): 455-60, 2012.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23241286

ABSTRACT

Several academic and government organizations have strongly recommended the inclusion of specific competences in clinical research. So far, the current state of research within this framework has not been modified in our country. The main goal of this study was to provide a thorough description of the research activities in medical residencies, which could be used as an indicator of the acquisition of such competences and to identify the supporters and detractors to achieve them. A cross section study was carried out and several levels were analyzed in order to consider residencies as a cluster; 382 residents from 24 different residencies were included. the study showed a preponderance of women. the average age was 29 years old. A 71% of the residents asserted doing research. Half of those residents have stated being authors of papers presented in congresses; only 9% have published their experience. Factors which predict the development of research assignments were: to belong to a large residency, oR 16.99 (IC 95%, 2.096-137.87), being in the 3rd year of the residency, oR 9.95 (IC 95%, 2.84-34.82), completion of a research course, oR 2.78 (IC 95%, 1.10-7.04). Variables which reduce the chance to do research: location in Buenos Aires, oR 0.25 (IC 95%, 0.0072-0.91), being a woman, oR 0.34 (IC 95%, 0.14-0.79) and patients assistance workload, OR 0.97 (IC 95%, 0.95-0.99). We believe that the identification of factors which influence the possibility of doing research will lead to a improvement in the training of medical residents.


Subject(s)
Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Internal Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Private Sector/organization & administration , Public Sector/organization & administration , Adult , Argentina , Authorship , Biomedical Research/education , Clinical Competence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Internal Medicine/education , Internship and Residency , Male , Students, Medical
17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 72(6): 455-460, dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-662151

ABSTRACT

En el proceso de formación de los residentes de medicina interna, distintas organizaciones académicas y gubernamentales han recomendado incluir competencias específicas en investigación clínica. El estado actual de la investigación en este contexto no ha sido todavía relevado en nuestro país. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las actividades de investigación en las residencias de medicina interna como indicador de la adquisición de dichas competencias e identificar los facilitadores y barreras para la misma. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, se analizaron múltiples niveles para considerar las residencias como conglomerados. Se incluyeron 382 residentes de 24 residencias. Predominaron las mujeres, la mediana de edad fue 29 años. El 71% de los residentes informaron actividades de investigación. La mitad de ellos habían participado como autores de trabajos en congresos, solo el 9% había publicado su experiencia. Los factores predictores de desarrollar tareas de investigación fueron pertenecer a una residencia numerosa, OR 16.99 (IC 95%, 2.096-137.87), pertenecer al tercer año de residencia, OR 9.95 (IC 95%, 2.84-34.82), y haber realizado un curso de investigación, OR 2.78 (IC 95%, 1.10-7.04). Las variables que disminuyen la probabilidad de realizar investigación fueron la localización en el Gran Buenos Aires o Capital Federal, OR 0.25 (IC 95%, 0.0072-0.91), ser mujer, OR 0.34 (IC 95 0.14-0.79) y la carga asistencial, OR 0.97 (IC 95%, 0.95-0.99). Conocer los factores que influyen en la investigación contribuye a mejorar la formación de los residentes de medicina interna.


Several academic and government organizations have strongly recommended the inclusion of specific competences in clinical research. So far, the current state of research within this framework has not been modified in our country. The main goal of this study was to provide a thorough description of the research activities in medical residencies, which could be used as an indicator of the acquisition of such competences and to identify the supporters and detractors to achieve them. A cross section study was carried out and several levels were analyzed in order to consider residencies as a cluster; 382 residents from 24 different residencies were included. The study showed a preponderance of women. The average age was 29 years old. A 71% of the residents asserted doing research. Half of those residents have stated being authors of papers presented in congresses; only 9% have published their experience. Factors which predict the development of research assignments were: to belong to a large residency, OR 16.99 (IC 95%, 2.096-137.87), being in the 3rd year of the residency, OR 9.95 (IC 95%, 2.84- 34.82), completion of a research course, OR 2.78 (IC 95%, 1.10-7.04). Variables which reduce the chance to do research: location in Buenos Aires, OR 0.25 (IC 95%, 0.0072-0.91), being a woman, OR 0.34 (IC 95%, 0.14-0.79) and patients assistance workload, OR 0.97 (IC 95%, 0.95-0.99). We believe that the identification of factors which influence the possibility of doing research will lead to a improvement in the training of medical residents.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Internal Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Private Sector/organization & administration , Public Sector/organization & administration , Argentina , Authorship , Biomedical Research/education , Clinical Competence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, Teaching , Internship and Residency , Internal Medicine/education , Students, Medical
18.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 72(6): 455-460, dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-129052

ABSTRACT

En el proceso de formación de los residentes de medicina interna, distintas organizaciones académicas y gubernamentales han recomendado incluir competencias específicas en investigación clínica. El estado actual de la investigación en este contexto no ha sido todavía relevado en nuestro país. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las actividades de investigación en las residencias de medicina interna como indicador de la adquisición de dichas competencias e identificar los facilitadores y barreras para la misma. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, se analizaron múltiples niveles para considerar las residencias como conglomerados. Se incluyeron 382 residentes de 24 residencias. Predominaron las mujeres, la mediana de edad fue 29 años. El 71% de los residentes informaron actividades de investigación. La mitad de ellos habían participado como autores de trabajos en congresos, solo el 9% había publicado su experiencia. Los factores predictores de desarrollar tareas de investigación fueron pertenecer a una residencia numerosa, OR 16.99 (IC 95%, 2.096-137.87), pertenecer al tercer año de residencia, OR 9.95 (IC 95%, 2.84-34.82), y haber realizado un curso de investigación, OR 2.78 (IC 95%, 1.10-7.04). Las variables que disminuyen la probabilidad de realizar investigación fueron la localización en el Gran Buenos Aires o Capital Federal, OR 0.25 (IC 95%, 0.0072-0.91), ser mujer, OR 0.34 (IC 95 0.14-0.79) y la carga asistencial, OR 0.97 (IC 95%, 0.95-0.99). Conocer los factores que influyen en la investigación contribuye a mejorar la formación de los residentes de medicina interna.(AU)


Several academic and government organizations have strongly recommended the inclusion of specific competences in clinical research. So far, the current state of research within this framework has not been modified in our country. The main goal of this study was to provide a thorough description of the research activities in medical residencies, which could be used as an indicator of the acquisition of such competences and to identify the supporters and detractors to achieve them. A cross section study was carried out and several levels were analyzed in order to consider residencies as a cluster; 382 residents from 24 different residencies were included. The study showed a preponderance of women. The average age was 29 years old. A 71% of the residents asserted doing research. Half of those residents have stated being authors of papers presented in congresses; only 9% have published their experience. Factors which predict the development of research assignments were: to belong to a large residency, OR 16.99 (IC 95%, 2.096-137.87), being in the 3rd year of the residency, OR 9.95 (IC 95%, 2.84- 34.82), completion of a research course, OR 2.78 (IC 95%, 1.10-7.04). Variables which reduce the chance to do research: location in Buenos Aires, OR 0.25 (IC 95%, 0.0072-0.91), being a woman, OR 0.34 (IC 95%, 0.14-0.79) and patients assistance workload, OR 0.97 (IC 95%, 0.95-0.99). We believe that the identification of factors which influence the possibility of doing research will lead to a improvement in the training of medical residents.(AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Internal Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Private Sector/organization & administration , Public Sector/organization & administration , Argentina , Authorship , Biomedical Research/education , Clinical Competence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, Teaching , Internal Medicine/education , Internship and Residency , Students, Medical
19.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 72(4): 305-14, 2012.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22892082

ABSTRACT

Dementia is a progressive disease in which patients lose their ability to decide and communicate. Advance directives (AD) allow patients to express their preferences on end of life care in the early stages of the disease. Primary care practitioners (PCP) are in the best position to promote AD. The aim of this study was to elicit PCPs views about the discussion of AD with early stage dementia patients. A qualitative approach was taken, focus groups and individual interviews to elderly patients' PCPs from the Hospital italiano de buenos aires were conducted. A purposive sampling was performed, conforming homogeneous groups according to age and seniority. The discussion was stimulated by a vignette. We performed thematic content analysis in an interdisciplinary team. Twelve PCPs = 30 year of age, 32 middle-aged and 8 over 45 years participated of the study. The youngest group favored the discussion of AD while those over 45 regarded the family as the decision maker, and thus, the discussion as useless. Besides, they expressed that our society is not mature enough to discuss AD. Difficulties in AD implementation, in predicting the evolution of a patient's disease, the span of time between the discussion and AD implementation, lack of legislation and specific institutional policies were other factors that conditioned the discussion. Younger PCPs expressed concern on the lack of communication skills and difficulties to broach this subject with patients. PCPs perspectives on AD vary, their age should be taken into account when designing strategies to their implementation.


Subject(s)
Advance Directives , Decision Making , Dementia/therapy , Adult , Age Factors , Communication Barriers , Dementia/psychology , Female , Focus Groups , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Physician-Patient Relations , Physicians, Primary Care , Practice Patterns, Physicians'
20.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 72(4): 305-314, ago. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657520

ABSTRACT

La demencia es una enfermedad progresiva que compromete la capacidad de tomar decisiones. Las directivas anticipadas (DA) permitirían a los pacientes expresar tempranamente sus voluntades sobre cuidados a recibir en estadios finales. Los médicos de cabecera (MC) están en una situación privilegiada para indagar acerca de las DA. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las perspectivas de los MC sobre las DA en pacientes con demencia. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa por grupos focales y entrevistas individuales a MC de ancianos del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Se realizó muestreo intencional, conformándose grupos homogéneos según edad y jerarquía. La discusión se estimuló con una viñeta. Se realizó análisis de contenido temático en equipo interdisciplinario. Participaron 12 MC de hasta 30 años; 32 de edad intermedia y 8 mayores de 45 años. Entre los jóvenes las DA tuvieron mayor aceptación. Los mayores consideran que la familia toma las decisiones y que nuestra sociedad está inmadura para estas discusiones. Otros condicionantes para la discusión fueron: dificultades prácticas para implementar las DA, el lapso temporal entre la formulación y su implementación, dificultad para predecir la evolución de los pacientes, falta de legislación y de políticas institucionales específicas. Los jóvenes manifestaron falta de capacitación para dialogar sobre DA con sus pacientes. Como conclusión, se observó que los facilitadores y barreras para la discusión sobre DA difieren según la edad de los MC. Las intervenciones que se orienten a favorecer su utilización deberían adaptarse a los médicos a quienes van dirigidas.


Dementia is a progressive disease in which patients lose their ability to decide and communicate. Advance directives (AD) allow patients to express their preferences on end of life care in the early stages of the disease. Primary care practitioners (PCP) are in the best position to promote AD. The aim of this study was to elicit PCPs views about the discussion of AD with early stage dementia patients. A qualitative approach was taken, focus groups and individual interviews to elderly patients´ PCPs from the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were conducted. A purposive sampling was performed, conforming homogeneous groups according to age and seniority. The discussion was stimulated by a vignette. We performed thematic content analysis in an interdisciplinary team. Twelve PCPs = 30 year of age, 32 middle-aged and 8 over 45 years participated of the study. The youngest group favored the discussion of AD while those over 45 regarded the family as the decision maker, and thus, the discussion as useless. Besides, they expressed that our society is not mature enough to discuss AD. Difficulties in AD implementation, in predicting the evolution of a patient's disease, the span of time between the discussion and AD implementation, lack of legislation and specific institutional policies were other factors that conditioned the discussion. Younger PCPs expressed concern on the lack of communication skills and difficulties to broach this subject with patients. PCPs perspectives on AD vary, their age should be taken into account when designing strategies to their implementation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Advance Directives , Decision Making , Dementia/therapy , Age Factors , Communication Barriers , Dementia/psychology , Focus Groups , Physician-Patient Relations , Physicians, Primary Care , Practice Patterns, Physicians'
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