ABSTRACT
Background: Older nursing home residents are at a greater risk of falling due to frailty. Exercise is effective at hampering frailty and related adverse events, including falls. Objectives: Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of a 12-week moderate-intensity multicomponent exercise programme on the number of falls and physical functioning among older nursing home residents. Also, we examined the association between the number of falls and demographics as well as physical and cognitive baseline data. Methods: The study protocol was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with the following identifier: NCT05835297. Older adults aged 65 years and over were recruited from a nursing home, and eligible and consenting residents were randomly allocated to two parallel groups: the intervention group, which performed a multicomponent exercise programme composed of strength, balance, and aerobic training (n = 12), and the control group, which received usual care (n = 12). Outcomes included falls, and measures of strength, balance, and mobility. Results: We had high adherence to exercise sessions, and no adverse events were recorded. We observed a non-significant reduction in falls (p = 0.34) and a significant improvement in Short Physical Performance Battery (p = 0.003) after the exercise programme. Falls were associated with being female and having diminished physical or cognitive function. Conclusions: Multicomponent exercise programmes should be implemented regularly in nursing homes for their effectiveness. Future studies with bigger samples, including participants with worse physical and cognitive impairments, as well as follow-up periods are required.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise has shown effectiveness in reducing various risk factors related to sarcopenic obesity (SO) compared to other types of exercise, e.g., aerobic exercise. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review evaluates the effect of resistance exercise on body composition, muscular strength, and functional capacity among older women with sarcopenic obesity aged ≥ 60 years. METHODS: This systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42023394603) and follows the PRISMA guidelines. The following electronic databases were used to search the literature: Pedro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included only RCTs that investigated the effect of resistance exercise on body composition and functional capacity. Two independent reviewers conducted the process of study selection and data extraction. RESULTS: The search strategy retrieved 687 results. One hundred and twenty-six records were deleted as duplicates. Consequently, 534 studies were excluded after the title/abstract assessment. After further detailed evaluation of twenty-seven full texts, seven RCTs were included; all the RCTs examined the isolated effect of resistance exercise in women with sarcopenic obesity. The included studies comprised 306 participants, with an average age of 64 to 72 years. We noticed a trend of improvement in the included studies among the intervention groups compared to the control groups among the different outcomes. The study protocol was inconsistent for the intervention settings, duration, and outcomes. Including a modest number of trials made it impossible to perform data meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity among studies regarding training protocols and the outcome measures reported limited robust conclusions. Still, resistance exercise intervention can improve body composition and functional capacity among elderly women with sarcopenic obesity.
ABSTRACT
Background: The factors contributing to soccer injuries and their influence on the occurrence of injury are controversial and inconclusive. This study aimed to determine the association between player characteristics and playing factors with injuries in professional soccer players. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two professional soccer players completed a self-administered questionnaire that asked about demographic information and injury profile, the type of playing surface on which they sustained their injury, medical treatment, and the time lost due to soccer injury at the end of the soccer season. Results: The injury rate was 44.74% (n = 68; males: 61.50% (n = 56), females: 19.70% (n = 12)). Players' age (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.05−1.25, p < 0.002) and BMI (OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.06−1.38, p < 0.003) were significantly associated with soccer injuries. After adjusting for age and BMI, players' sex (OR: 5.39, 95%CI: 2.11−13.75, p < 0.001), previous soccer injury (OR: 3.308, 95%CI: 2.307−29.920, p < 0.001), and playing surfaces (OR: 11.07, 95%CI: 4.53−27.03, p < 0.001) were the significant predictors of soccer injuries. Conclusion: Players' age, BMI, sex, previous soccer injury, and playing surface were associated with injuries among professional soccer players. Old male athletes with high BMI, previous soccer injuries, and playing on natural grass were more likely to sustain soccer injuries than young female players with low BMI who had no previous injuries and played on synthetic surfaces.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is inconsistency in the relationship between sleeping measures and the occurrence of soccer injuries. Further, most studies investigated sleeping quantity and quality during soccer season but not during off-season. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of sleeping off-season and during soccer season on the occurrence of injuries in professional soccer players. It was hypothesized that lower sleeping hours and players' thought of inadequate sleeping quantity and quality during off-season and soccer season would associate with the occurrence of soccer injuries. METHODS: One-hundred and fifty-two professional soccer players (premier league and division I teams, age: 21.82±4.44, BMI: 22.21±2.74, sex: men [N.=91], women [N.=61]) answered questions related to their sleeping duration and whether that amount of sleep was enough prior to (off-season) and during soccer season. The sleep questions related to sleep quantity were derived from the Arabic Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Players indicated also. Players indicated their injury profile, medical treatment, and time loss due to soccer injury. Sleeping measures were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to determine predictors of soccer injuries. RESULTS: Sixty-eight players (44.73%) were injured. Lower total sleeping time during off-season (OR:0.66, 95% CI:0.51-0.85, P=0.002), answering no on "did you regularly get enough sleep during off-season" (OR: 5.64, 95% CI: 2.58-12.27, P<0.001), and answering no on "do you think that your sleeping hours during off-season were enough" (OR:4.76, 95% CI: 1.98-11.46, P=0.001) associated significantly with soccer injuries (R2:38). CONCLUSIONS: Lower total sleeping time and not getting regularly enough sleeping time during off-season associated with more soccer injuries. This highlights the influence of sleeping quantity and quality off-season on the occurrence of soccer injuries among professional players.
