ABSTRACT
In recent years there has been a great improvement in molecular characterization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) allowing the stratification of patients in different rate of risk. Patients with FLT3 mutated AML have poor prognosis because of resistance to induction chemotherapy or early relapse. Several first and second generation molecules, able to inhibit FLT3 signaling have been developed and many single agent or combination studies are ongoing. Of these, quizartinib seems to have the best clinical activity. Unfortunately, resistance to FLT3 inhibitors has been observed and many scientists are currently investigating new strategy to restore sensitivity to FLT3 inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism , Molecular Structure , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolismABSTRACT
T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-cell ALL) is a rare haematological neoplasia, that affects children and less commonly adults. Female genital tract and particularly uterus involvement in acute ALL is rare. This report presents the CT features of a 64-year-old woman with uterine relapse of T-cell ALL, occurring 11 months after the diagnosis, as a second, unique relapse of disease. The patient was asymptomatic when a CT examination showed a homogenous thickness of the uterine wall in comparison with the previous CT examination. Histology from biopsy specimens, obtained through hysteroscopy, confirmed T-cell ALL localisation (TdT+, CD10+, CD3c+ and CD2+). The uterus could be a site of relapse in patients suffering from ALL. Even though an MRI examination could better demonstrate the disease in cases of suspected female genital tract involvement by ALL, the comparison of differences between a present and a previous CT examination is sufficient to suspect the diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Leukemic Infiltration/diagnostic imaging , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Uterus/diagnostic imaging , Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Biopsy , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/analysis , Female , Humans , Hysteroscopy , Immunophenotyping , Middle Aged , Neoplasms, Second Primary , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology , T-Lymphocytes/chemistry , T-Lymphocytes/pathologySubject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Benzamides , Humans , Imatinib Mesylate , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Benzamides , Bone Marrow/pathology , Cell Count , Female , Humans , Imatinib Mesylate , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Remission InductionABSTRACT
The present study examined the effects of a highly preferred, biologically relevant olfactory stimulus (i.e., home-nest odors) on the startle response in preweanling rats. Although the rats detected the odor (as revealed by reductions in ultrasound vocalizations) it had no effect on either the initial magnitude of the startle response or habituation of this response across 80 test trials. These results are discussed in relation to recent studies on modulation of the startle response in developing rats, the effects of olfactory stimuli on the startle response, and the pleasure-attenuation of startle in nonhuman subjects.
