[Validation of the Spanish version of the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction]. / Validación de la versión española del Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction.

INTRODUCTION: Self-reports are one of the most used techniques in the evaluation of human sexuality. For this reason, valid and reliable evaluation instruments are necessary for high quality studies. OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction for use in Spanish. METHOD: A sample of 1,265 subjects (1,007 men, 258 women) completed the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction questionnaire. Two independent translators performed the translation and a group of experts unified the versions. RESULTS: The items showed adequate correlation, both in the men's version (0.306-0.440), and in the women's version (0.355-0.652). Reliability is high in both versions (men: 0.864; women: 0.924). Factor analysis adjusts to the theoretical dimensions proposed by the authors of the questionnaire, explaining 57.75% of the variance in men, and 66.67% in women. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction has the necessary psychometric properties to be used both in the clinic and in research.

El abuso sexual infantil y la relación con el desarrollo de comportamientos adictivos. Una revisión sistemática / Child sexual abuse and the relationship with the development of addictive behaviors. A systematic review

Resumen: El Abuso Sexual Infantil (ASI) está relacionado con el desarrollo de comportamientos adictivos en la edad adulta. El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la relación que existe entre el ASI y el desarrollo de comportamientos adictivos con o sin sustancias. Se analizaron 36 artículos desde 2014 a 2018, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para formar parte de esta revisión. Este trabajo ha permitido visibilizar la escasa información existente acerca de la relación entre ASI y comportamientos adictivos. Se concluye que se necesita más investigación sistematizada que analice la relación existente entre el haber sido víctima de ASI y tener una adicción en la vida adulta, que se utilicen instrumentos específicos y validados para evaluar la posible presencia o ausencia de ASI en adultos y ser más específicos a la hora de considerar las variables que influyen en esta relación.

Abstract: Child Sexual Abuse (ASI) is related to the development of addictive behaviors in adulthood. The present study had the objective of carrying out a systematic review on the relationship that exists between ASI and the development of addictive behaviors. 36 articles were found from 2014 to 2018, which met the inclusion criteria to be part of this review. This work has made it possible to visualize the scarce existing information about the relationship between ASI and addictive behaviors. It is concluded that studies are needed that use specific and validated instruments to assess the possible presence or absence of ASI in adults and to be more specific in the variables that influence this relationship.

Creating and Validating the DESEA Questionnaire for Men and Women.

In clinical practice, it is essential to be able to identify hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), with its different severity levels and assess the influence the subject's relationship has on the issue. In order to do this, questionnaires are needed that comprise appropriate psychometric properties. We analyzed the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Sexual Desire and Aversion (DESEA) questionnaire that evaluates sexual desire and interpersonal stress (relationship problems) in male and female couples. A pilot study was conducted with a group of 1583 people. Finally, it included 20,424 Spanish speakers who answered the questionnaire via an online link. The requirements for factor analysis were verified followed by the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated the reliability of the test scores at 0.834 in the pilot group and 0.889 in the final group. A 3-factor factorial design explains the 62.08% variance. The KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) test (p = 0.904), Bartlett's test of sphericity (126,115.3; p = 0.000010) and the matrix determinant (0.0020770) verified the appropriateness of the factor analysis. The results show that the DESEA questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating desire and interpersonal stress, both in women and men, in clinical and research contexts.

Outcomes of laparoscopic management of multicompartmental pelvic organ prolapse.

BACKGROUND: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is an increasing medical problem with complex diagnostics and controversial surgical management. It causes a series of dysfunctions in the gynecological, urinary, and anorectal organs. Numerous procedures have been proposed to treat these conditions, but in recent years, ventral mesh rectocolposacropexy (VMRCS) has emerged as the procedure of choice for the surgical treatment of POP, especially by a laparoscopic approach. This surgical technique limits the risk of autonomic nerve damage, and the colpopexy allows the correction of concomitant prolapse of the middle compartment. However, symptoms derived from anterior compartment prolapse remain a major morbidity and sometimes require an additional procedure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of laparoscopic prosthetic rectocolposacropexy (LRCS) and colposacropexy (LCS) procedures performed to manage combined multicompartmental POP. METHODS: Between November 2008 and December 2017, 38 patients with symptomatic POP underwent rectocolposacropexy (RCS) or colposacropexy (CS) by a laparoscopic approach. Demographics, mortality, morbidity, hospital stay, and functional outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The median operating time was 200 min (IQR 160-220). Additional simultaneous surgery for POP was performed in nine cases: five suburethral slings and four hysterectomies were performed. No mortality was recorded. The conversion rate was 7.89%. There were two intraoperative complications (5.26%): one enterotomy and one urinary bladder tear. Late complications occurred in 5.26% of cases. After a mean follow-up of 20 months, constipation was completely resolved or improved in 83.33% of patients, urinary stress incontinence was resolved or improved in 52.94%, and gynecological symptomatology was resolved or improved in 93.75%. The recurrence rate was 5.26%. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic mesh rectocolposacropexy and colposacropexy are safe and effective techniques associated with very low morbidity. In the medium term, they provide good results for POP and associated symptoms, but urinary symptomology has a worse outcome.

Efectos del consumo de drogas y de la ansiedad en la eyaculación precoz en una muestra de drogodependientes españoles / Effects of drug use and anxiety on premature ejaculation in a sample of Spanish drug addicts

Introducción: La eyaculación precoz puede deberse a múltiples factores y uno de ellos puede ser el consumo de drogas. Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer cómo afecta el consumo de drogas a la respuesta eyaculatoria, teniendo en cuenta las diferentes sustancias de consumo, el nivel de ansiedad y el tiempo de abstinencia. Método: Se utilizaron 2 muestras, una correspondiente a hombres que han tenido un historial de consumo de sustancias adictivas (n=925) y otra de hombres no consumidores (n=82). Ambas muestras fueron seleccionadas de 28 centros de tratamiento. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) y el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado Rasgo (STAI). Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los hombres con historia de consumo obtienen porcentajes mayores en eyaculación precoz frente a los no consumidores (44,3>15,9%) y puntuaciones medias también mayores en ansiedad (estado=19,83>11,89; rasgo=25,66>12,39), siendo dichas diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,000). Los resultados confirman que el período de abstinencia no mejora la respuesta eyaculatoria y tener pareja no funciona como factor de protección en la eyaculación precoz. Conclusiones: Los hombres con historia de consumo de drogas tienen más probabilidad de padecer eyaculación precoz y más ansiedad, que no mejora en el período de abstinencia, lo que incita a pensar que los consumidores de drogas tienen rasgos de personalidad que predisponen la eyaculación precoz y/o que los daños neurológicos ocasionados por la drogas contribuyen a disminuir la latencia intravaginal eyaculatoria, cuestiones que deben ser estudiadas en próximas investigaciones

Introduction: Premature ejaculation may be due to many factors and one of them may be drug use. Aims: The main objective of this study is to show how drug abuse affects the ejaculatory response, keeping in mind the different substances consumed, the level of anxiety and the period of withdrawal. Method: Two samples were used, one for men who were addicted to drugs (N=925) and one of non-consumers (N=82). Both samples were selected from 28 treatment centers. The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaire and the State Anxiety Trait Questionnaire (STAI) were used. Results: The results show that men with a history of consumption obtain higher percentages in premature ejaculation compared to non-users (44.3%> 15.9%) and also higher mean scores in anxiety (State Anxiety=19.83>11, 89; Trait Anxiety=25.66>12.39). These differences were statistically significant (P=.000). The results confirm that the withdrawal period does not improve ejaculatory response and having a partner does not work as a protective factor in premature ejaculation. Conclusions: Men with a history of drug use are more likely to suffer from premature ejaculation and higher levels of anxiety, which does not improve during the period of withdrawal, leading to the belief that drug users have personality traits that facilitate premature ejaculation and/or that the neurological damages caused by the drugs contribute to a decrease in the intravaginal ejaculatory latency, issues that should be studied in future investigations

[Effects of drug use and anxiety on premature ejaculation in a sample of Spanish drug addicts]. / Efectos del consumo de drogas y de la ansiedad en la eyaculación precoz en una muestra de drogodependientes españoles.

INTRODUCTION: Premature ejaculation may be due to many factors and one of them may be drug use. AIMS: The main objective of this study is to show how drug abuse affects the ejaculatory response, keeping in mind the different substances consumed, the level of anxiety and the period of withdrawal. METHOD: Two samples were used, one for men who were addicted to drugs (N=925) and one of non-consumers (N=82). Both samples were selected from 28 treatment centers. The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaire and the State Anxiety Trait Questionnaire (STAI) were used. RESULTS: The results show that men with a history of consumption obtain higher percentages in premature ejaculation compared to non-users (44.3%> 15.9%) and also higher mean scores in anxiety (State Anxiety=19.83>11, 89; Trait Anxiety=25.66>12.39). These differences were statistically significant (P=.000). The results confirm that the withdrawal period does not improve ejaculatory response and having a partner does not work as a protective factor in premature ejaculation. CONCLUSIONS: Men with a history of drug use are more likely to suffer from premature ejaculation and higher levels of anxiety, which does not improve during the period of withdrawal, leading to the belief that drug users have personality traits that facilitate premature ejaculation and/or that the neurological damages caused by the drugs contribute to a decrease in the intravaginal ejaculatory latency, issues that should be studied in future investigations.

[Guide for the classification of clinical research articles for the International Journal of Andrology]. / Guía para la clasificación de artículos de investigación clínica para la Revista Internacional de Andrología.

The classification of knowledge is essential for understanding between researchers and the advancement of science. In this article a brief classification of clinical research methods is presented. The advantages that researchers use the same nomenclature are recalled, which enables improved communication among researchers, facilitates replication of studies and searches in databases, and helps to establish the aspects that can affect the different research models. They are grouped into four broad categories: epidemiological articles, articles of qualitative methodology, mixed methodology articles and review articles.

Guía para la clasificación de artículos de investigación clínica para la Revista Internacional de Andrología / Guide for the classification of clinical research articles for the International Journal of Andrology

La clasificación del conocimiento es fundamental para el entendimiento entre los investigadores y el avance de la ciencia. En el presente artículo se presenta una breve clasificación de los métodos de investigación clínica. Se recuerdan las ventajas que presenta el hecho de que los investigadores utilicen una misma nomenclatura: mejora la comunicación entre los investigadores, facilita la replicabilidad de los estudios y la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos, y ayuda a conocer los aspectos que pueden afectar a los diferentes modelos de investigación. Se agrupan en 4 grandes categorías: artículos epidemiológicos, artículos de metodología cualitativa, artículos de metodología mixta y artículos de revisión

The classification of knowledge is essential for understanding between researchers and the advancement of science. In this article a brief classification of clinical research methods is presented. The advantages that researchers use the same nomenclature are recalled, which enables improved communication among researchers, facilitates replication of studies and searches in databases, and helps to establish the aspects that can affect the different research models. They are grouped into four broad categories: epidemiological articles, articles of qualitative methodology, mixed methodology articles and review articles

The Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) protects the kidney from damage produced by a single and low dose of carbon tetrachloride in adult male rats.

Gingko biloba leaves have been used as herbal medicine in China for 5000 years, and the standardized leaf extract (GB-STE) has some beneficial effects in the treatment of age-related, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of the Gingko biloba extract (GbE) against the toxicity of a single and relatively low dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In male adult Wistar rats, we determined the urine flux, the concentration of total proteins in urine, the concentration of glucose in urine, and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal cortex as well as two markers of renal function (clearance of inulin and p-aminohippurate); we also compared the histological lesions caused by CCl4. Carbon tetrachloride increased the urinary concentration of total proteins, and the renal concentration of MDA; however, it did not modify the urine flux, urinary concentration of glucose, nor the inuline or the p-aminohipurate clearances. Morphologically, CCl4 generated some tubular damage that was more intense in the inner cortex of kidneys. The GbE extract counteracted the effects of CCl4 on the concentration of total proteins in urine, the concentration of renal MDA, and the renal histological changes. In conclusion the main toxic effects produced by CCl4 were prevented by the GbE, probably due to their antioxidant properties and the inhibition of the main P450 isoenzyme (CYP2E1) that metabolize CCl4.

Hernia perineal tras amputación abdominoperineal laparoscópica en cirugía de cáncer del recto / Perineal hernia after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection in rectal cáncer surgery

Las hernias perineales son una enfermedad rara. Su incidencia se estima en un 1% después de la amputación abdominoperineal y en 3-10% de las resecciones pélvicas para los tumores malignos. Se puede definir como la protrusión del contenido intestinal a través del suelo pélvico. Las hernias perineales se clasifican como congénitas, primarias debido a defectos del piso pélvico o secundarias a la cirugía en la cavidad pélvica. Las hernias perineales secundarias tras amputación abdominoperineal para el cáncer rectal se describen por primera vez en 1939 por Yeomans. En 2007 Veenhof4 publicó un caso de hernia perineal secundaria a amputación abdominoperineal por laparoscopia. Presentamos el caso de un paciente en el postoperatorio temprano de una amputación laparoscópica abdominoperineal con una obstrucción secundaria a una hernia perineal

Perineal hernias are a rare disease. Its incidence is estimated at 1% after abdominoperineal amputation and in 3-10% of pelvic resections for malignant tumors. It can be defined as the protrusion of the intestinal contents through the pelvic floor. Perineal hernias are classified as congenital, primary due to pelvic floor defects or secondary to surgery in the pelvic cavity. Secondary perineal hernias after abdominoperineal amputation for rectal cancer is first described in 1939 by Yeomans. In 2007 Veenhof4 published a case of perineal hernia secondary to abdominoperineal amputation by laparoscopy. We present a case of a patient in the early postoperative period, of a laparoscopic abdominoperineal amputation, with an obstructive condition secondary to a perineal hernia

Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Type 1 Gaucher Disease in Argentina.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of osteoporosis (OP) in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) in Argentina. GD patients from 28 centers were consecutively included from April 2012 to 2014. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and the femoral neck or the total proximal femur for patients ≥20 yr of age, and by whole-body scan in the lumbar spine in patients <20 yr of age. In children, mineral density was calculated using the chronological age and Z height. OP diagnosis was determined following adult and pediatric official position of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry. A total of 116 patients were included, of which 62 (53.5%) were women. The median age was 25.8 yr. All patients received enzyme replacement therapy, with a median time of 9.4 yr. Normal BMD was found in 89 patients (76.7%), whereas low bone mass (LBM) or osteopenia was found in 15 patients (13%) and OP in 12 patients (10.3%). The analysis of the pediatric population revealed that 4 patients (9.3%) had LBM and 3 (7%) had OP (Z-score ≤ -2 + fractures height-adjusted by Z), whereas in the adult population (n = 73), 11 patients (15%) had LBM or osteopenia and 9 (12.3%) had OP. Bone marrow infiltration and the presence of fractures were significantly correlated with the presence of OP (p = 0.04 and <0.001, respectively). This is the first study in Argentina and in the region describing the frequency of OP or LBM in GD patients treated with imiglucerase using the official position of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.

Impact of assisted reproduction treatments on Spanish newborns: report of 14,119 pregnancies.

PURPOSE: To investigate neonatal malformation, prematurity, and stillbirth in singleton and multiple pregnancies derived from different Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART). METHODS: In this prospective cohort study data were collected, from private and public Spanish IVF units, during the years 2008 and 2009. During this period, 8,682 pregnancies were analysed from the initial 14,119 pregnancies reported. Pregnancies included in the study derived from IUI (n = 1,065), IVF (n = 838), ICSI (n = 5,080), FET (n = 1,404) and PGD (n = 295). This first analysis focuses primarily on neonatal malformation, prematurity, and stillbirth both in singleton and multiple pregnancies derived from different ART. Malformations were classified according to the WHO ICD 10 code. RESULTS: Malformations were found in 0.83 % of our newborns. No differences in malformations were observed between singletons or multiples independently of the ART used. There was a significant difference in prematurity rate among singletons depending on treatment but this association was not observed in multiple pregnancies. Stillbirth was significantly lower in singleton (0.72 %) than in multiple pregnancies (1.82 %). CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of malformations observed in ART newborns was similar to the rate observed in the normally-conceived Spanish population. Multiplicity seems to be the most important factor associated with an increased incidence of newborn complications such as prematurity or stillbirth.

Estudio epidemiológico del dolor en la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía / No disponible

Objetivos: se ha realizado un estudio sobre el dolor crónico en una muestra de población de Andalucía para explorar su prevalencia, características, forma de diagnóstico, tratamiento e impacto. Material y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con muestreo aleatorio estratificado, con 1.200 entrevistas telefónicas mediante el sistema CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing), diseñado por el IMC (Instituto de Investigación, Marketing y Comunicación, Sevilla), a sujetos residentes en Andalucía, mayores de 18 años a los que se les realizaron diferentes preguntas sobre el dolor. Resultados: de los 1.200 entrevistados se obtuvo una muestra de 405 pacientes con dolor reciente (30% del total de entrevistados con dolor actual y 3,8% con dolor en el último mes, pero no en este momento). El 15,5% de la población sufre un dolor de tipo crónico. La puntuación media de la intensidad del dolor es de 5,4 (escala 1-10). El dolor afecta sobre todo a espalda, piernas y rodillas; y domina el de tipo reumatológico. El impacto sobre la calidad de vida es notable. El 77,5% de la población con dolor toma medicación oral de prescripción. Casi la mitad de la población ha oído hablar de las unidades del dolor, y la opinión al respecto es favorable. Conclusiones: los datos del estudio aportan información sobre la presencia del dolor en la población andaluza y servirán de base para diseñar estrategias para hacerle frente (AU)

Aims: a study on chronic pain has been performed in a sample of people in Andalusia, in order to assess its prevalence, features, diagnosis, treatment, and impact. Material and methods: a cross-sectional survey with stratified randomised sampling, including 1,200 phone interviews on pain was performed in people aged > 18 years in Andalusia, by means of the CATI system (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) designed by IMC (Instituto de Investigación, Marketing y Comunicación, Sevilla). Results: from 1,200 interviewees, a sample of 405 patients with recent pain was obtained (30% of participants with current pain; 3.8% with pain in previous month but not currently). 15.5% of participants have chronic pain. Mean intensity is 5.4 (on a 1-10 scale). Most common sites are back, legs and knees; and rheumatologic pain is the most common type. Impact on quality of life is high. 77.5% of people with pain use prescribed oral drugs. About half of participants have heard about pain units, and have a positive opinion on them. Conclusions: current data provide information on the presence of pain in Andalusian population, and will be useful to build up strategies to deal with it (AU)

Protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on liver damage by a single dose of CCl(4) in male rats.

Functional and morphological alterations were generated by p.o. (per os) administration of a single oral dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4); 0.125 mL/kg b.w., equivalent to 293 mg/kg) to adult male Wistar rats. CCl(4) significantly increased (p < 0.05) the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 7478 ± 1044%) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 6964 ± 833%), compared to control rats; CCl(4) also significantly decreased serum concentration of albumin (23 ± 5.5%) and increased the concentration of malondialhdeyde (MDA) in liver (300 ± 33%). Furthermore, CCl(4) down-regulated the mRNA steady-state level of tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a). CCl(4) produced necrosis in the central lobe area, extended to the periphery, nuclear alterations (pycnosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis), and cytoplasmic acidophilia. The pretreatment with 4 mg/kg (p.o.) of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE), for 5 days, prevented most of the damage caused by CCl(4): significantly decreased the serum activities of ALT and AST (54 and 65%, respectively), compared to CCl(4)-treated rats; GbE partially prevented the increase of liver MDA (55 ± 14%) and the decrease of albumin concentration to 12 ± 0.2%. This pretreatment prevented the down-regulation of TNF-a and up-regulated the interleukine 6 (IL-6) mRNA steady-state level. Moreover, the GbE reduced the amount of necrotic areas in the central lobe area, compared to CCl(4)-treated rats.

Uso y abuso de las nuevas tecnologías / No disponible

No disponible

Discrete perturbation theory for the hard-core attractive and repulsive Yukawa potentials.

In this work we apply the discrete perturbation theory [A. L. Benavides and A. Gil-Villegas, Mol. Phys. 97, 1225 (1999)] to obtain an equation of state for the case of two continuous potentials: the hard-core attractive Yukawa potential and the hard-core repulsive Yukawa potential. The main advantage of the presented equation of state is that it is an explicit analytical expression in the parameters that characterize the intermolecular interactions. With a suitable choice of their inverse screening length parameter one can model the behavior of different systems. This feature allows us to make a systematic study of the effect of the variation in the parameters on the thermodynamic properties of this system. We analyze single phase properties at different conditions of density and temperature, and vapor-liquid phase diagrams for several values of the reduced inverse screening length parameter within the interval kappa( *)=0.1-5.0. The theoretical predictions are compared with available and new Monte Carlo simulation data. Good agreement is found for most of the cases and better predictions are found for the long-range ones. The Yukawa potential is an example of a family of hard-core plus a tail (attractive or repulsive) function that asymptotically goes to zero as the separations between particles increase. We would expect that similar results could be found for other potentials with these characteristics.

Preferencias estéticas entre el arte figurativo y el arte abstracto de un grupo de pacientes con esquizofrenia / No disponible

Este estudio pretende identificar las preferencias estéticas de pacientes esquizofrénicos que eligen entre el arte figurativo y el arte abstracto. Este grupo está formado por 60 pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia (n=60) según criterios CIE-10. fueron estudiados mediante escalas PANSS, AEG y CGI y el test MEC-30. Se estudia la relación de la variable categórica de dos posibles valores (preferencia por parte de los pacientes entre arte figurativo y abstracto) con cada uno de los resultados de las diferentes pruebas, que son variables numéricas. Para ello se utilizó el análisis de la varianza de un factor. Es decir, si el resultado de cada una de las pruebas (PANSS y MEC-30) presenta diferencias significativas entre sí el paciente prefiere arte figurativo o arte abstracto. Después se realiza el NOVA y no se encuentran diferencias significativas. Los hallazgos encontrados ponen de relieve que las preferencias de elección artística no se ven infuidas por el estado clínico ni por el deterioro cognitivo. Los sujetos tienden a preferir el arte figurativo

The aim of this study was to identify the aesthetic preferences of schizophrenia patients between figurative and abstract art. The group was made up of 60 patients diagnosed as suffering fron schizoprenia (n= 60) in accordance with ICD-10 criteria. They were studied using the PANSS, the EEAG, the CGI scale and the MMSE-30 test. Factor variance analysis was used to study the ratio between the categorical variable and two possible values (the patient´s preference for figurative or abstract art), giving numeric variables for each of the results of the various tests. In other words, if the result of the various texts. In other words, if the result of each of the tests (PANSS and MMSE-30) gave significant differences, the patient was considered to prefer figurative or abstract art. The ANOVA was then performed and no significant differences were found. The results show that preferences for art are not influenced by clinical condition or cognitive deterioration. The subjects tended to prefer figurative art