ABSTRACT
Information and communication technologies provide a new context for interpersonal relationships, learning and professional activities. Nevertheless, there are several risks related to technology use, including compulsive Internet use. Even though compulsive Internet use has been identified as an important problem behavior in young people, there are still gaps in knowledge regarding its measurement in Spanish-speaking countries. Thus, the objective of this study was to validate the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) in Spain, Colombia, and Mexico using a sample of 2,090 15-30 year olds. Results showed that the questionnaire has excellent psychometric properties and confirmed its original unidimensional factor structure. Inter-item polychoric correlations showed optimum values that indicated consistency and high quality of the construct. A confirmatory factor analysis showed an excellent model fit for all the subsamples, including Spain, Colombia, and Mexico. A multigroup analysis showed measurement invariance across the studied countries. Given that the CIUS is one of the most popular instruments used to measure excessive Internet use around the world, it can now be used in crossnational comparative studies, including Spain, Colombia, and Mexico, together with other countries. It can also be used to evaluate intervention programs in the studied countries.
Subject(s)
Internet Addiction Disorder/diagnosis , Internet Use/statistics & numerical data , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Colombia , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Problem Behavior , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Spain , Young AdultABSTRACT
Actualmente no se cuenta con un sistema de evaluación de las competencias lectoras de los alumnos universitarios mexicanos. Esta investigación evaluó habilidades en cinco niveles de comprensión lectora, con un instrumento validado. Participaron 570 estudiantes de la Carrera de Psicología, de los diferentes semestres, con edad promedio de 19.9 años. Se aplicó el instrumento grupalmente. La prueba arrojó un porcentaje promedio general de 66% de respuestas correctas. Los tres niveles de comprensión que mostraron porcentajes inferiores a 50% fueron: literal, inferencial y crítico; mientras que los niveles de organización de la información y apreciativo exhibieron porcentajes por encima del 70%. El ANOVA indicó diferencias (p <.05) en cuatro niveles de comprensión, a favor de los alumnos de los primeros semestres. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz de investigaciones previas y de sus implicaciones formativas.
No system for evaluating reading competences of Mexican university students is currently available. This research assessed five levels of skills in reading comprehension, using a validated instrument. Participants were 570 Psychology students, attending different semesters, with a mean age of 19.9 years. The instrument was administered in groups. The test yielded an overall average of 66% correct responses. The three levels of comprehension that showed percentages lower than 50% were: literal, inferential and critical, while the information organization level and the appreciative level exhibited percentages above 70%. The ANOVA indicated differences (p <.05) in four levels of reading comprehension in favor of students in the first semester. Findings are discussed in light of previous research and their educational implication.
Atualmente não se conta com um sistema de avaliação de as competências leitoras dos estudantes universitários mexicanos. Esta pesquisa avaliou habilidades em cinco niveles de compreensão leitora, com um instrumento validado. Participaram 570 estudantes de a Carrera de Psicologia, de os diferentes semestres, com idade média de 19.9 anos. Aplicou-se o instrumento grupalmente. O teste mostrou uma porcentagem média general de 66% de respostas corretas. Os três níveis de compreensão que mostraram porcentagens inferiores a 50% foram: literal, inferencial e crítico; enquanto que os níveis de organização da informação e apreciativo exibiram porcentagens acima de 70%. O ANOVA indicou diferenças (p <.05) em quatro níveis de compreensão, a favor dos estudantes dos semestres. Discutem-se descobrimentos à luz de pesquisas anteriores e de suas implicações formativas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students , Textbook , Comprehension , Educational MeasurementABSTRACT
La investigación prueba la efectividad de un programa de entrenamiento a profesores de tercer grado de preescolar y primero de primaria, para aplicar una serie de estrategias de enseñanza derivadas de la psicología conductual. Participaron profesoras de escuelas públicas de estrato sociocultural bajo. Antes y después del entrenamiento se filmó una hora de clase de cada profesora, filmaciones que sirvieron para registrar el uso de las estrategias educativas. El entrenamiento consistió en la enseñanza de nueve estrategias que se pueden emplear para optimizar el aprendizaje. En siete participantes se observó un efecto del entrenamiento, durante la pre-evaluación mostraron niveles cercanos a 0 por ciento en el uso de la mayoría de las estrategias, para pos-evaluación se observaron incrementos en casi todas ellas. Se analizan posibles efectos del programa sobre el ambiente afectivo y el clima social dentro del aula. Se discuten los resultados con base en hallazgos de investigaciones empíricas previas, analizándose limitaciones del programa y haciéndose sugerencias para estudios y programas futuros.(AU)
The research shows the effectiveness of a training program for teachers of third grade of kinder garden and first grade of elementary school, for undertaking a series of teaching strategies derived from the conductual psychology. Teachers from public schools of low socio-cultural level participated in this study. An hour of a class of each teacher was filmed before and after the training, in order to record the use of the teaching strategies. The training consisted in teaching strategies that can be used in order to optimize the learning process. In seven participants, the effect of the training was observed. In these cases, the pre-evaluation showed levels closer to 0 percent, meanwhile in the post-evaluation they showed increments in almost all of them. The possible effects of the program are analyzed, on relationship to the affective environment and social clime in the classroom. The results are discussed on the basis of the previous empirical research findings. The limitations of the program are also analyzed and some suggestions are pointed out for undertaking future studies and programs.(AU)
ABSTRACT
La temática abordada es la calidad de la educación básica en México. Con el propósito de dar cuenta del proceso de desarrollo de diversas habilidades matemáticas en alumnos de primer grado de primaria, se realizó un estudio longitudinal en el cual participaron 169 alumnos de estrato sociocultural bajo. Se aplicó un instrumento referido a criterio y basado en análisis de tareas, que permitió analizar los aciertos y errores a lo largo del ciclo escolar 2004-2005. Los resultados indican que los alumnos ingresaron con deficiencias preacadémicas, que se desarrollaron algunas habilidades, pero que los niveles de aptitud matemática fueron bajos al finalizar el curso. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados y se proponen alternativas para la educación, basadas en el modelo conductual de desarrollo psicológico.
In this paper, the quality of primary education in Mexico is dealt with A longitudinal study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the process of development for various mathematical skills with first grade students; 169 students from a low social and cultural stratum participated. An instrument referred to criteria and based on task analysis was used to analyze the errors and the correct responses throughout the 2004-2005 school year Results show that students had enrolled with previous academic deficiencies and developed some skills; however, the levels of mathematical skills were still low at the end of the school term. The implications of these results are discussed and some alternatives for education based on a behavioural model of psychological development are proposed.
Neste artigo, é examinada a qualidade do ensino primária em México. Para dar conta do processo de desenvolvimento de várias habilidades matemáticas nos alunos do primeiro grau de ensino primária, foi realizado um estudo longitudinal em que participaram 169 alunos de estrato sociocultural baixo. Foi aplicado um instrumento referido a critério e baseado em análise de tarefas, que possibilitou a análise de acertos e erros durante o ciclo escolar 2004-2005. Os resultados sinalam que os alunos tenham deficiências pré-acadêmicas, que desenvolveram algumas habilidades, mais que os níveis de aptitude matemática foram baixos ao final do curso. São discutidas as implicações dos resultados e são propostas alternativas para a educação, baseadas no modelo condutista de desenvolvimento psicológico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students , Cultural Characteristics , Education, Primary and Secondary , MathematicsABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las habilidades lingüísticas con que ingresan a la educación básica primaria alumnos de estrato socioeconómico bajo. Participaron 262 alumnos de primer grado, inscritos en ocho grupos de escuelas públicas del Estado de México, con una media de 5.7 años de edad. Se aplicó individualmente a cada alumno el Instrumento para Evaluar Habilidades Precurrentes para la Lectura (EPLE), de Vega (1991), al inicio del ciclo escolar 2004-2005. El análisis estadístico con el programa SPSS arrojó como resultado un puntaje promedio de 77 (DS=14), que corresponde al 57% de la calificación total del EPLE, lo que puede indicar que los alumnos ingresaron al primer grado de primaria con un nivel insatisfactorio de conductas lingüísticas. Se observan ligeras diferencias en las ejecuciones de los alumnos, a favor de quienes ingresaron con seis años de edad y con mayor número de años cursados en preescolar. Se discuten las implicaciones del bajo nivel lingüístico mostrado por los participantes y se proponen alternativas basadas en la investigación psicológica conductual.
The purpose of this study was to assess the linguistic skills of children from a low socioeconomic background who were beginning their elementary education. A total of 262 first-grade students with an average age of 5.7 years old and who were enrolled in 8 groups of public schools from Mexico State, participated in this project. The instrument used was the Precurrent Skills for Reading Assessment (PSRA) by Vega (1991), and was administered individually to each student at the beginning of the 2004-2005 school year. The statistical analysis using SPSS showed a mean score of 77 (SD=14), which corresponds to 57% of the total PSRA score. These results may indicate that first grade students have an unsatisfactory level of linguistic behaviour. Slight differences in the students performances were observed. A slightly better performance was shown by those first grade students who were 6 years old at the beginning of the school year and who had previously received pre-school education. The implications of the poor linguistic level shown by the participants are discussed, and some alternatives based on the behavioural research, are proposed.