Epidemiología de los ingresos por bronquiolitis en el sur de Europa: análisis de las epidemias 2010-2015 / Epidemiology of patients hospitalised due to bronchiolitis in the south of Europe: Analysis of the epidemics, 2010-2015

Introducción. La renovación de las guías de práctica clínica sobre la bronquiolitis aguda (BA) obliga a reevaluar las consecuencias de su implantación. Pretendemos actualizar las principales variables clínico-epidemiológicas en pacientes ingresados por BA en el sur de Europa y analizar las causas de la estancia prolongada. Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo de ingresos por BA durante 5 epidemias (2010-2015), con descripción de las principales variables clínico-epidemiológicas y análisis por regresión logística de los factores asociados a mayor estancia. Resultados: El inicio de la epidemia ocurrió entre las semanas cuarta de septiembre y tercera de octubre. De los menores de 2 años (42.530 niños), el 15,21% (6.468 pacientes) acudieron a urgencias por BA y el 2,36% ingresaron (1.006 pacientes), con un 18,5% de prematuros. El 12,2% tenían peso al nacimiento inferior a 2.300 g. El 21,1% eran menores de un mes, consultaron por apnea asociada el 10,8%, ingesta inferior al 50% en el 31,1% y presentaban sobreinfección bacteriana el 13,1%. Estos factores se asociaron de forma independiente a la estancia prolongada. La mediana de estancia fue de 5 días y la proporción de ingresos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) del 8,5% de los casos. Conclusiones: El inicio de la epidemia de la bronquiolitis mostró una variabilidad de hasta 4 semanas en nuestro medio. Tras 5 años de la implantación de la guía de práctica clínica, la incidencia de ingresos está en torno al 2,3% y parece estable respecto a estudios previos. La edad media de los pacientes desciende a 2,4 meses, aunque con una proporción similar de ingresos en la UCIP de un 8,5%. Los factores de riesgo independiente asociados a una estancia hospitalaria más prolongada fueron: bajo peso al nacimiento, edad menor de un mes, apneas previas al ingreso, ingesta inferior al 50% y la sobreinfección bacteriana grave, donde la infección respiratoria superó la prevalencia de infección del tracto urinario grave (AU)

Introduction: The renewal of clinical practice guidelines on acute bronchiolitis (AB) requires the re-assessment of the consequences of their implementation. An update is presented on the main clinical and epidemiological variables in patients hospitalised due to AB in Southern Europe and an analysis made of the causes associated with longer hospital stay. Patients and method: A retrospective study was conducted on patients admitted to hospital due to AB during 5 epidemics (2010-2015), with an analysis of the major clinical and epidemiological variables. A logistic regression analysis was performed on the factors associated with a longer hospital stay. Results: The beginning of the epidemic occurred between the 4th week of September and the 3rd week of October. Of those children under 2 years (42,530), 15.21% (6,468 patients) attended paediatric emergency department due to having AB, and 2.36% (1,006 patients) were admitted. Of these, 18.5% of were premature, 12.2% had a birth weight < 2,300 g, 21.1% were younger than 1 month, 10.8% consulted for associated apnoea, 31.1% had an intake <50%, and 13.1% had bacterial superinfection. These factors were independently associated with prolonged stay. The median length of stay was 5 days, and 8.5% of cases were admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Conclusions: The beginning of the bronchiolitis epidemic showed a variability of up to 4 weeks in this region. Five years after implementing the new guidelines, the incidence of admissions was approximately 2.3%, and appeared stable compared to previous studies. The mean age of the patients decreased to 2.4 months, although with a similar proportion of PICU admissions of 8.5%. Independent factors associated with prolonged stay were: low birth weight, age less than one month, apnoea prior-to-admission, intake of less than 50%, and severe bacterial superinfection. Respiratory bacterial infection exceeded the prevalence of urinary tract infection (AU)

[Epidemiology of patients hospitalised due to bronchiolitis in the south of Europe: Analysis of the epidemics, 2010-2015]. / Epidemiología de los ingresos por bronquiolitis en el sur de Europa: análisis de las epidemias 2010-2015.

INTRODUCTION: The renewal of clinical practice guidelines on acute bronchiolitis (AB) requires the re-assessment of the consequences of their implementation. An update is presented on the main clinical and epidemiological variables in patients hospitalised due to AB in Southern Europe and an analysis made of the causes associated with longer hospital stay. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on patients admitted to hospital due to AB during 5 epidemics (2010-2015), with an analysis of the major clinical and epidemiological variables. A logistic regression analysis was performed on the factors associated with a longer hospital stay. RESULTS: The beginning of the epidemic occurred between the 4th week of September and the 3rd week of October. Of those children under 2 years (42,530), 15.21% (6,468 patients) attended paediatric emergency department due to having AB, and 2.36% (1,006 patients) were admitted. Of these, 18.5% of were premature, 12.2% had a birth weight <2,300g, 21.1% were younger than 1 month, 10.8% consulted for associated apnoea, 31.1% had an intake <50%, and 13.1% had bacterial superinfection. These factors were independently associated with prolonged stay. The median length of stay was 5 days, and 8.5% of cases were admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). CONCLUSIONS: The beginning of the bronchiolitis epidemic showed a variability of up to 4 weeks in this region. Five years after implementing the new guidelines, the incidence of admissions was approximately 2.3%, and appeared stable compared to previous studies. The mean age of the patients decreased to 2.4 months, although with a similar proportion of PICU admissions of 8.5%. Independent factors associated with prolonged stay were: low birth weight, age less than one month, apnoea prior-to-admission, intake of less than 50%, and severe bacterial superinfection. Respiratory bacterial infection exceeded the prevalence of urinary tract infection.