ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Emerging and re-emerging infectious disease in otorhinolaryngology (ENT) are an area of growing epidemiological and clinical interest. The aim of this section is to comprehensively report on the epidemiology of key infectious disease in otorhinolaryngology, reporting on their burden at the national and international level, expanding of the need of promoting and implementing preventive interventions, and the rationale of applying evidence-based, effective and cost- effective diagnostic, curative and preventive approaches. In particular, we focus on i) ENT viral infections (HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, Human Papilloma virus), retrieving the available evidence on their oncogenic potential; ii) typical and atypical mycobacteria infections; iii) non-specific granulomatous lymphadenopathy; iv) emerging paediatric ENT infectious diseases and the prevention of their complications; v) the growing burden of antimicrobial resistance in ENT and the strategies for its control in different clinical settings. We conclude by outlining knowledge gaps and action needed in ENT infectious diseases research and clinical practice and we make references to economic analysis in the field of ENT infectious diseases prevention and care.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases , Algorithms , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/therapy , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/therapy , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/virology , Humans , Lymphadenitis/diagnosis , Lymphadenitis/therapy , Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections/therapy , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/diagnosis , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/epidemiology , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/therapy , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/therapyABSTRACT
Basaloid-Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) is considered a biologically aggressive variation of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Wain et al. first reported BSCC as an independent neoplasm in 1986. In the past, it was most likely misinterpreted as atypical SCC. To date approximately one hundred cases have been reported in the literature. The pathognomonic characteristic of BSCC is an intimate association between basaloid and squamous patterns: for this reason a small biopsy specimen may be insufficient for correct diagnosis. In such cases, knowledge of the biological behavior of these tumors (i.e. local aggressiveness and tendency to spread both regionally and at a distance) may prove useful. Prognosis and survival rates are certainly worse than in SCC. Within the upper aero-digestive tract, BSCC is most likely to arise in the supraglottic larynx, the pyriform sinus and the base of the tongue. Treatment should include surgery of the primary tumor and of the neck lymph nodes, followed by radiotherapy. The authors present a new case report indicating the typical feature of this tumor (aggressiveness, synchronous basaloid and squamous histology, supraglottic involvement.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Basosquamous/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Basosquamous/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Carcinoma, Basosquamous/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Male , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Skin Cancer are the more frequent malignant tumors in the caucasian population, however significant and particular difference are present in World Cancer Registries incidence data. The analysis of the temporal trend, more than the geographical trend, is thicken by three characteristics: incidence, relation between diagnosis and treatment, register rate. The British Columbia Cancer Registry probably gives the more reliable valuation and shows an incidence doubled for these tumors during the period of five years considered, (1973-1987). These trends are equal in male and female and also in the two type of tumors for all sites. The analysis of the Cancer Registries includes Italy as a country with an intermediate risk, the relation between male and female and the correlation with the age are similar among the Cancer Registries as seen in the caucasian population. The analysis of the cut off rate (35-64 years) and cumulative risk (0-64 years, 0-74 years) shows the importance of the age of insorgence.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma/epidemiology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Global Health , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
A single case of temporal bone metastases from breast carcinoma is reported and its clinical features and main instrumental diagnostic characteristics are described. Although this is quite rare the possibility cannot be neglected when making diagnosis should the clinical features and test results suggest such an expansive process of the temporal bone. In fact, although extremely limited, treatment is strictly linked to proper and early diagnosis.
