ABSTRACT
The interactions of 400 GeV protons with different sequences of bent silicon crystals have been investigated at the H8 beam line of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The multiple volume reflection of the proton beam has been studied in detail on a five-crystal reflector measuring an angular beam deflection theta = 52.96 +/- 0.14 microrad. The efficiency was found larger than 80% for an angular acceptance at the reflector entrance of 70 microrad, with a maximal efficiency value of epsilon = 0.90 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.03.
ABSTRACT
The trend of volume reflection parameters (deflection angle and efficiency) in a bent (110) silicon crystal has been investigated as a function of the crystal curvature with 400 GeV/c protons on the H8 beam line at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. This Letter describes the analysis performed at six different curvatures showing that the optimal radius for volume reflection is approximately 10 times greater than the critical radius for channeling. A strong scattering of the beam by the planar potential is also observed for a bend radius close to the critical one.
Subject(s)
Osteolysis, Essential/surgery , Prostheses and Implants , Adult , Carbon , Humans , Male , Metacarpus/surgery , Orthopedic Fixation DevicesABSTRACT
A total of 74 patients with suspected discal hernia were studied. To clarify its diagnosis, epidural scintigraphy along with routine studies was used. The established diagnosis was verified during surgery. Carbonic acid laser was applied to 22 patients in addition to the conventional procedures.
Subject(s)
Intervertebral Disc Displacement/complications , Lumbar Vertebrae , Lumbosacral Plexus , Radiculopathy/etiology , Sacrum , Epidural Space , Female , Humans , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/diagnostic imaging , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Laser Therapy , Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Lumbosacral Plexus/diagnostic imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Radiculopathy/diagnostic imaging , Radionuclide Imaging , Sacrum/diagnostic imaging , Sacrum/surgery , Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99mABSTRACT
Epidural analgesia (EA) with dicaine and morphine has been compared in 34 patients with pain syndrome caused by degenerative dystrophy of lumbar vertebrae. The advantages of EA with dicaine have been observed. 35.3% of patients have been subject to surgery. In the rest of patients pain syndrome was relieved. Radionuclide epidurography has shown that the volume of the anesthetic solution injected should not exceed 10 ml.