ABSTRACT
The presence of checkpoint markers in cancer cells aids in immune escape. The identification of checkpoint markers and early cancer markers is of utmost importance to gain clarity regarding the relationship between colitis and progressive inflammation leading to cancer. Herein, the gene expression levels of checkpoint makers, cancer-related pathways, and cancer genes in colon tissues of mouse models of chronic colitis (Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mice) using next-generation sequencing are determined. Winnie mice are a result of a Muc2 missense mutation. The identification of such genes and their subsequent expression and role at the protein level would enable novel markers for the early diagnosis of cancer in IBD patients. The differentially expressed genes in the colonic transcriptome were analysed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway. The expression of several oncogenes is associated with the severity of IBD, with Winnie-Prolapse mice expressing a large number of key genes associated with development of cancer. This research presents a number of new targets to evaluate for the development of biomarkers and therapeutics.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product that contains a high concentration of platelets and leucocytes, which are fundamental fibroblast proliferation agents. Literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about leucocytes within PRP. Herein, we elucidated the effects of highly concentrated leucocytes and platelets on human fibroblasts. METHODS: Leucocyte-rich, PRP (LR-PRP) and leucocyte-poor, platelet-poor plasma (LP-PPP) were compared to identify their effects on human fibroblasts, including cell proliferation, wound healing and extracellular matrix and adhesion molecule gene expressions. RESULTS: The LR-PRP exhibited 1422.00 ± 317.21 × 103 platelets/µL and 16.36 ± 2.08 × 103 white blood cells/µL whilst the LP-PPP demonstrated lower concentrations of 55.33 ± 10.13 × 103 platelets/µL and 0.8 ± 0.02 × 103 white blood cells/µL. LR-PRP enhanced fibroblast cell proliferation and cell migration, and demonstrated either upregulation or down-regulation gene expression profile of the extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules. CONCLUSION: LR-PRP has a continuous stimulatory anabolic and ergogenic effect on human fibroblast cells.
Subject(s)
Extracellular Matrix/physiology , Fibroblasts/physiology , Leukocytes/physiology , Platelet-Rich Plasma/physiology , Wound Healing/physiology , Adult , Cell Movement/physiology , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous and safe blood product containing a high concentration of platelets and leucocytes. Platelets, growth factors, leucocytes and plasma are fundamental fibroblast proliferation agents. Leucocytes' plasticity, reparative qualities, cross-talk between cells and capacity to orchestrate diverse outcomes are receiving considerable research attention. Fibroblasts are able to migrate and proliferate into the tissue surrounding a wound and subsequently deposit granulation tissue, which minimises scarring. Fibroblasts also have anti-ageing benefits. Elucidation of the role of leucocytes in tissue repair has led to a new approach to tissue regeneration and the formation of a new therapeutic modality, namely immuno-regenerative medicine.
