ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is a chronic, infectious, and inflammatory oral disease with a high prevalence in developing countries, where limited access to modern dental care curtails its treatment. This review is dedicated to examining three indigenous botanical species frequently recommended by traditional therapists for the treatment of periodontal disease, namely, Cochlospermum tinctorium, Flueggea virosa, and Waltheria indica, with the aim of elucidating their chemical constituents and pharmacological properties that may support their empirical use. This review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines extension for scoping reviews. An electronic search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) up to July 2022. Out of 700 articles initially identified, only 11 were deemed eligible for inclusion; a substantial majority (80%) of these comprised in vitro studies. Among the trio of botanicals considered, Waltheria indica emerged as the most extensively investigated (65% of the studies). The administration of these plants was predominantly in the form of decoctions or macerations, with extraction methods employing alcoholic agents (ethanolic and methanolic), hydroalcoholic solutions, or aqueous solvents. The selected plants exhibited notable richness in polyphenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, as indicated in 60% of the studies, along with antibacterial properties (against Streptococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori). None of the studies reported antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens. The pharmacological properties of these plants may hold promise for the management of oral inflammatory and infectious conditions. Nevertheless, further comprehensive investigations are imperative to establish their safety and efficacy for periodontitis treatment before conclusive recommendations can be formulated.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of light-cured composite resins (Clearfil ES-2, Clearfil ES Flow, Filtek Supreme XTE, Grengloo, Blugloo, Transbond XT, and Transbond LR) then to assess leachable components in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and to quantity detected bisphenol A (BPA). METHODS: Light-cured composite resin discs were immersed for 24 hours in gingival fibroblastic medium (n = 3 for each product) and in control medium (n = 2 for each product) contained in plate. Cytotoxicity of the products (n = 95) was determined by the measure of cell viability using MTT assay after reading the optical densities of the plates. The analysis of leachable components was done by gas phase chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and detected BPA was quantified. The limit of quantification was 0.01 µg/mL. Statistical analyses were performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were applied. RESULTS: Cell viabilities were between 85 and 90%. Many chemical compounds including triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and BPA were identified. The average concentrations were 0.67 µg/mL ± 0.84 in the control medium and 0.73 µg/mL ± 1.05 in the fibroblastic medium. Filtek Supreme XTE presented the highest concentration of BPA with 2.16 µg/mL ± 0.65 and Clearfil ES Flow presented the lowest with 0.25 µg/mL ± 0.35. No BPA was detected with Transbond XT and Transbond LR. Clearfil ES Flow, Filtek Supreme XTE, Grengloo and Transbond LR presented residual TEGDMA. CONCLUSIONS: Light-cured composite resins are slightly cytotoxic opposite GFs and release many components including BPA and TEGDMA. Clinical precautions should be taken to decrease the release of these monomers.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins , Composite Resins/toxicity , Humans , Materials TestingABSTRACT
Enamel renal syndrome (ERS) is a rare recessive disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in FAM20A (family with sequence similarity 20 member A, OMIM #611062). Enamel renal syndrome is characterized by amelogenesis imperfecta, delayed or failed tooth eruption, intrapulpal calcifications, gingival overgrowth and nephrocalcinosis. Although gingival overgrowth has consistently been associated with heterotopic calcifications the pathogenesis, structure and interactions of the mineral deposits with the surrounding connective tissue are largely unknown. We here report a novel FAM20A mutation in exon 1 (c.358C > T) introducing a premature stop codon (p.Gln120*) and resulting in a complete loss of FAM20A. In addition to the typical oral findings and nephrocalcinosis, ectopic calcified nodules were also seen in the cervical and thoracic vertebrae regions. Histopathologic analysis of the gingiva showed an enlarged papillary layer associated with aberrant angiogenesis and a lamina propria displaying significant changes in its extracellular matrix composition, including disruption of the collagen I fiber network. Ectopic calcifications were found throughout the connective gingival tissue. Immunomorphological and ultrastructural analyses indicated that the calcification process was associated with epithelial degeneration and transformation of the gingival fibroblasts to chondro/osteoblastic-like cells. Mutant gingival fibroblasts cultures were prone to calcify and abnormally expressed osteoblastic markers such as RUNX2 or PERIOSTIN. Our findings expand the previously reported phenotypes and highlight some aspects of ERS pathogenesis.
ABSTRACT
Periodontal or gingival recession is the term used to characterize the apical displacement of the marginal gingiva on the surface of the root beyond the enamel junction. THE OBJECTIVE: of this study was to determine the prevalence of periodontal recession in the Dentistry Department of the Bamako Hospital Infirmary. METHOD: This study was carried out in the dentistry department of the Bamako Hospital Infirmary over a 3-month period from January 15 to April 15, 2020. The inclusion criteria concerned patients who came for consultation in the department. A survey sheet comprising socio-demographic and clinical variables was developed for this purpose. RESULTS: The prevalence of periodontal recession was 23.64%. Men were the most represented with 63.9%. Oral hygiene was fair with 42.62%, 36% of periodontal recessions were shallow and narrow. Miller's Class I and Class II recession types were the most represented with 41%. The incisors were the most affected with a rate of 29.64%. At the community level, adequate awareness and education in maintaining oral hygiene should prove successful in the long term.
La récession parodontale ou gingivale est le terme utilisé pour caractériser le déplacement apical de la gencive marginale à la surface de la racine au-delà de la jonction amelocementaire. L'OBJECTIF: de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence de la récession parodontale dans le service d'Odontologie de l'Infirmerie Hôpital de Bamako. MÉTHODE: Cette étude a été réalisée dans le service d'odontologie de l'Infirmerie Hôpital de Bamako sur une période de 3 mois du 15 janvier au 15 Avril 2020. Les critères d'inclusion concernaient les patients venus en consultation dans le service. Une fiche d'enquête comportant les variables sociodémographiques et les variables cliniques a été élaborée à cet effet. RÉSULTAT: La prévalence de la récession parodontale était de 23,64%. Les hommes étaient les plus représentés avec 63,9%. L'hygiène bucco-dentaire était passable dans 42,62% des cas et 36% des récessions parodontales étaient peu profondes et étroites. Les types de récession de classe I et II de Miller étaient les plus représentés avec 41%. Les incisives étaient les plus touchées avec un taux de 29,64%. Au niveau communautaire une sensibilisation et une éducation adéquate en matière de maintien de l'hygiène buccale s'avère bénéfique à long terme.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose was to provide a longitudinal overview of published studies that use finite element analysis in dental research, by using the SCI-expanded database of Web of Science(®) (Thomson Reuters). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty publications from 1999-2000 and 473 from 2009-2010 were retrieved. This literature grew faster than the overall dental literature. The number of publishing countries doubled. The main journals were American or English, and dealt with implantology. For the top 10 journals publishing dental finite element papers, the mean impact factor increased by 75% during the decade. RESULTS: Finite elements generate an increasing interest from dental authors and publishers worldwide.
