[Evaluation of patient transfer system in the health district of Bla]. / Evaluation du systeme de reference ­ evacuation dans le district sanitaire de Bla.

The rapid access of the population to basic and comprehensive health care determines the prognosis of the disease and decreases mortality and morbidity. METHODOLOGY: we carried out a prospective study over 12 months at the Bla Reference Health Center. All patients evacuated for obstetric complications were included. Women admitted on an emergency basis by self-referral were not included. The data was analyzed from the software Epi Info version: 3.5.4, the text entry from the software version Word 2013. RESULTS: We recorded 430 evacuations or 42.36% of admissions to the maternity hospital in Bla. The patients were young under 20 years 17.9% (n = 77), nulliparous 22.1% (n = 95). They had not performed an antenatal consultation in 30.7% of cases (n = 132). Matrons evacuated in 50.2% of cases (n = 216). The transfer diagnosis was hemorrhage in 14.2% of cases. The main intervention performed was cesarean section (92.3% of cases). The evacuation time was greater than one hour in 95.1% (n = 21). The actors for the financing of the fund were the district council, the town halls and the Community Health Associations (ASACO). The mobilization rate of ASACOs was 82%, that of town halls 17%. The circle council did not pay its quota. CONCLUSION: A better financial involvement of the communities in the management of the evacuation reference system in the health district of Bla is a necessity.

L'accès rapide de la population aux soins de santé de base et complet détermine le pronostic de la maladie et diminue la mortalité et la morbidité. MÉTHODOLOGIE: nous avons mené une étude prospective sur 12 mois au Centre de Santé de Référence de Bla. Ont été incluses toutes les patientes évacuées pour complications obstétricales. Les femmes admises en urgence par autoréférence n'ont pas été incluses. Les données ont été analysées à partir du logiciel Epi Info version : 3.5.4, la saisie des textes à partir du logiciel version Word 2013. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons enregistré 430 évacuations soit 42,36% des admissions à la maternité de Bla. Les patientes étaient jeunesmoins de 20 ans 17,9% (n=77), des nullipares 22.1% (n=95). Ellesn'avaient pas réalisé de consultation prénatale dans 30,7%des cas (n=132). Les matrones ont évacué dans 50,2% de cas (n=216). Le diagnostic de transfertétait l'hémorragie dans 14,2% de cas. La principale intervention pratiquée était la césarienne (92,3%des cas). Le délai d'évacuation était supérieur à une heure dans 95,1% (n=21). Les acteurs pour le financement de la caisse étaient le conseil de cercle, les mairies et les Associations de Santé Communautaires (ASACO). Le taux de mobilisation des ASACO a été de 82%, celui des mairies de17%. Le conseil de cercle n'a pas payé sa quote-part. CONCLUSION: Une meilleure implication financière des collectivités dans la gestion du système de référence évacuation dans le district sanitaire de Bla est une nécessité.

Alternative Bedding Materials for Poultry: Availability, Efficacy, and Major Constraints.

The increasing demand of wood shavings (WS) and sawdust (SD) by other industries and growing concerns of potential chemical contaminants from wood products have amplified research interest in alternative bedding materials for commercial poultry. Several alternative materials-corn cob (CC), straws (ST) and hays (HA), sand (SA), shredded papers (SP), rice hulls (RH), peanut hulls (PH), and gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O2)-can replace conventional ones in poultry houses, depending on availability, cost, and ability to absorb and adsorb moisture and provide the birds enough room to exhibit their natural behaviors. Alternative materials hold a brighter future as bedding materials, but more studies about their physicochemical properties and litter management practices for optimum poultry welfare are recommended.

Peel meals as feed ingredients in poultry diets: Chemical composition, dietary recommendations and prospects.

The increase demand for poultry products has had direct effect on the supply and price of feed. This has increased research interest into the potential of locally available, less competed and low cost materials as feed ingredients. Several peels from roots/tubers and fruits have been evaluated in poultry diets but recommendations have not been consistent. High fibre, low nutrient density and likely presence of antinutritional factors limit the efficient utilisation of peel meal by poultry. Plant cultivar, age, agronomic practices, method of peel processing, breed and age of poultry all affect the inclusion level of peel meal in poultry diets. The increase interest in breeding crops for low antinutrients, knowledge in processing technologies and availability of several additives such as enzyme products, amino acids and antinutrients binding agents in the feed market could improve the usefulness of peel meal in on-farm poultry rations. This study reviews the potential of selected root/tuber and fruit peels as feed ingredients for poultry with regards their composition, dietary recommendation and prospects.

Geographical assessment of body measurements and qualitative traits in West African cattle.

A total of 1015 adult cows belonging to nine West African cattle breeds were assessed for 16 body measurements and 18 qualitative traits to ascertain the existence of geographical patterns of variation. Sampling was carried out in 29 different provinces of Mali, Burkina Faso and Benin. For body measurements, taurine breeds took lower average values than the zebu breeds. Sanga cattle took intermediate values. Qualitative traits did not allow to differentiate among cattle groups (taurine, zebu or sanga) or breeds. Principal component analysis identified two factors explaining 56.4 and 9.2 % of the variance for body measurements, respectively. Two correspondence analysis dimensions computed on qualitative traits explained a small proportion of the variability (20.8 and 13.5 %, respectively). Contour plots were constructed using the eigenvalues computed for each individual and either factor or dimension identified; confidence regions calculated confirmed that body measurements clearly differentiated zebu and taurine cattle breeds while qualitative traits did not. Factor 1 was projected on a geographical map, using provinces as nodes, to assess breed-free variation for body measurements. A pattern of continuous variation from the Sahel area southwards was identified. Probably, breeding decisions promoting the crosses between zebu-like and taurine cattle are underlying this geographical pattern of variation. The implementation of selection strategies aiming at the increase of the productivity of native West African taurine cattle breeds while avoiding looses in trypanotolerant ability would be highly advisable.