Planting Date of Cotton in the Brazilian Cerrado Drives Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infestation.

Although the boll weevil (BW), Anthonomus grandis grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been attributed to the significant losses caused to cotton yield in the Americas, the categorization as a quarentenary pest in places where it is still not occurring has increased its relevance worldwide. In areas where it is widespread, pest suppression relies on many broad-spectrum insecticide applications. However, other control tactics are sought. Considering that early-flowering cultivars escape from boll weevil infestation, we investigated if three different planting dates (November, December, and January) could alter the plant life cycle, allowing the plants to escape from boll weevil infestation. Field trials were run in two seasons (2014/2015 and 2017/2018), and variables (days required to reach each flowering stage, fruiting plant structures-undamaged and damaged by the BW, and totals-number of boll weevils on plants and that had emerged from fallen structures on the ground) were assessed over 29 and 33 weeks, respectively. Based on the number of days required to initiate and terminate the flowering stage, the time to reach the economic threshold (ET), the number of undamaged, damaged, and the total reproductive structures, we concluded that planting dates in December for the Central Cerrado of Brazil should be preferred over the other two tested dates. Cultivations run at this planting date, anticipating the flowering period initiation and termination, reduced infested flowering structures, and delayed the decision making to control the pest, when compared to the other two planting dates.

The Bradyrhizobium uaiense strain UFLA 03-164T enhanced yield performance of cowpea in soils with low or high phosphorus content

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of rhizobia strains already approved or in the selection stage for cowpea, in the Recôncavo da Bahia region, Brazil. Two field experiments were performed in the municipalities of Cruz das Almas and Maragogipe, Bahia, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with seven nitrogen sources and four replicates. Nitrogen sources consisted of the strains UFRB FA51B1, UFRB BA72C2-1, UFLA 03-164T, UFLA 03-84, INPA 03-11B, and two controls without inoculation, one with mineral nitrogen and another without. All the strains nodulated cowpea. The efficiency of the strains was determined by the number of nodules, nodule dry matter, total dry matter, grain yield, nitrogen accumulation in shoots and grain, and relative efficiency. The strain UFLA 03-164T can be recommended for biomass production, green manure, and promotion of grain yields in both soils. In Maragogipe, the UFLA 03-84 and INPA 03-11B strains can be recommended for biomass production, green manure, and promotion of grain yields. The UFLA 03-164T strain showed great potential to promote and grain yield in the two municipalities studied. The strain INPA 03-11B can be recommended for Maragogipe soil. UFLA 03-84 can also be recommended to increase grain yield in Cruz das Almas.

Coronally advanced flap achieved higher esthetic outcomes without a connective tissue graft for the treatment of single gingival recessions: a 4-year randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Limited long-term data are available when comparing the esthetic outcomes of coronally advanced flap (CAF) with or without a connective tissue graft (CTG). The aim of this study was to compare the 4-year esthetic outcomes of CAF vs CAF + CTG for the treatment of isolated maxillary gingival recessions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients were randomly assigned for treatment either with CAF (control; N = 24) or to CAF + CTG (test group; N = 24). Patients were followed after the surgery until the final evaluation. A professional esthetic evaluation was performed using the Root coverage Esthetic Score (RES). Recession reduction, mean root coverage, and complete root coverage were also evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-two patients completed the study at the 4-year recall. A significant recession reduction was evident at 4 years, without significant intergroup differences. The CAF group showed a statistically significant higher final RES compared with the CAF + CTG group (9.14 ± 1.08 vs 7.25 ± 1.29, respectively, p < 0.001). Regarding the individual components of RES, gingival margin and marginal tissue contour were significantly higher in the CAF group compared with that in the CAF + CTG group. CONCLUSIONS: CAF presented with a significantly higher overall esthetic score than CAF + CTG, and in the individual RES components of marginal tissue contour and gingival margin after 4 years. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CAF without the addition of CTG provided higher esthetic outcomes for the treatment of isolated gingival recessions.

Stakeholder views of source separation collection programme in East São Paulo, Brazil.

The investigation of the views of the stakeholders involved in the municipal solid waste separate collection programme (CP) performed in the East Zone of the city of São Paulo is presented in this paper. Aiming to obtain the necessary information to be analysed, interviews with the manager of the Municipal Urban Cleaning Authority (MUCA) of the city, with leaders of recycling worker cooperatives (WCs), and citizens were performed using semi-structured questionnaires. The analysis was performed using the software "IRAMUTEQ". The results show that, in the view of the manager of the MUCA of the city and the WCs' leaders, the low adhesion of the population to the separate CP is the greatest obstacle to a further expansion of the existing programme. At the same time, the citizens have blamed the low diffusion made by the municipality about the separate CP in the East Zone of São Paulo. Thus, it can be concluded that the separate CP available in the East Zone of São Paulo is still flawed; since neither the public power, the WCs, nor the population are satisfied and point out several flaws. This situation highlights the need to establish better venues for discussion between the population, WCs, and the municipality to jointly design a separate collection system with a more participatory approach.

Use of construction and demolition solid wastes for basket gabion filling.

Construction and demolition wastes have been studied by technical means aiming at the development of management tools to reduce their environmental impacts. Among these, recycling can be highlighted. This paper aims at the technical assessment of basket gabions filled with construction and demolition solid waste. Gabions are usually used for retaining walls construction, and these are commonly filled with rocks. Retaining walls are essential for earthfill slopes stabilization, and they must have proper characteristics of strength. However, depending on the slope height or the technical responsibility of the retaining wall, alternative materials with proper characteristics could be used to fill the gabions. The use of recycled material for gabion filling could reduce environmental impacts and costs caused by retaining wall construction. So, basket gabion cells were filled with construction solid waste and basaltic rocks, both crushed into coarse granulometry aiming to compare technical characteristics among them. The performed laboratory tests showed that the horizontal and vertical displacements determined for gabion filled with wastes were near to those obtained for gabions filled with basaltic rocks for a retaining wall of 5 m and up. In conclusion, it can be drawn that basket gabions filled with construction and demolition waste may be a technical alternative for civil construction, reducing environmental impacts and raw material consumption for retaining wall execution.

Pelvic migration of the helical blade after treatment of transtrochanteric fracture using a proximal femoral nail.

Proximal femoral nails with a helical blade are a new generation of implants used for treating transtrochanteric fractures. The blade design provides rotational and angular stability for the fracture. Despite greater biomechanical resistance, they sometimes present complications. In the literature, there are some reports of cases of perforation of the femoral head caused by helical blades. Here, a clinical case of medial migration of the helical blade through the femoral head and acetabulum into the pelvic cavity is presented.

As cavilhas proximais do fêmur com lâmina helicoidal representam uma nova geração de implantes usados no tratamento de fraturas transtrocantéricas. O desenho da lâmina fornece estabilidade rotacional e angular à fratura. Apesar da maior resistência biomecânica, por vezes apresentam complicações. Na literatura encontram-se descritos alguns casos de perfuração da cabeça femoral por lâminas helicoidais. Apresenta-se um caso clínico no qual ocorreu migração medial da lâmina helicoidal através da cabeça femoral e do acetábulo para a cavidade pélvica.

Pelvic migration of the helical blade after treatment of transtrochanteric fracture using a proximal femoral nail / Migração pélvica de lâmina helicoidal após tratamento de fratura transtrocantérica com cavilha proximal do fêmur

ABSTRACT Proximal femoral nails with a helical blade are a new generation of implants used for treating transtrochanteric fractures. The blade design provides rotational and angular stability for the fracture. Despite greater biomechanical resistance, they sometimes present complications. In the literature, there are some reports of cases of perforation of the femoral head caused by helical blades. Here, a clinical case of medial migration of the helical blade through the femoral head and acetabulum into the pelvic cavity is presented.

RESUMO As cavilhas proximais do fêmur com lâmina helicoidal representam uma nova geração de implantes usados no tratamento de fraturas transtrocantéricas. O desenho da lâmina fornece estabilidade rotacional e angular à fratura. Apesar da maior resistência biomecânica, por vezes apresentam complicações. Na literatura encontram-se descritos alguns casos de perfuração da cabeça femoral por lâminas helicoidais. Apresenta-se um caso clínico no qual ocorreu migração medial da lâmina helicoidal através da cabeça femoral e do acetábulo para a cavidade pélvica.

Psychoactive substance use, family context and mental health among Brazilian adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the consumption of psychoactive substances (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs) and demographic variables, mental health and family context among school-aged children. METHODS: The National Adolescent School-based Health Survey was held with a national sample of 109,104 students. Data regarding demographic variables, family background and mental health were collected. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of interest. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed that alcohol consumption was higher among girls, drug experimentation was more frequent among boys and that there was no difference between sexes for smoking. Being younger and mulatto were negatively associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. Also negatively associated with such risk behaviors were characteristics of the family context represented by: living with parents, having meals together and parental supervision (when parents know what the child does in their free time). Moreover, characteristics of mental health such as loneliness and insomnia were positively associated with use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. Not having friends was positively associated with use of tobacco and illicit drugs and negatively associated with alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the protective effect of family supervision in the use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs and, on the contrary, the increasing use of substances according to aspects of mental health, such as loneliness, insomnia and the fact of not having friends. The study's findings may support actions from health and education professionals, as well as from the government and families in order to prevent the use of these substances by adolescents.

Trend of the risk and protective factors of chronic diseases in adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2009 e 2012).

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of major risk and protection factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in school-aged children in Brazilian capitals surveyed in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey in its two editions, 2009 and 2012. METHODS: The frequencies, with Confidence Interval of 95%, of the following demographic variables were compared: food intake, body image, physical activity, smoking, alcohol and other drugs. Prevalence was compared in the two editions of the survey. RESULTS: The proportion of students who attend two physical education classes a week was maintained at 49% between 2009 and 2012, increasing in public schools from 50.6% (95%CI 49.8 - 51.4) to 52.5% (95%CI 49.2 - 55.7), and decreasing in private schools. There was no change in the proportion of students who watch two hours or more of television daily, about 80%. As for body image, there was no change between the two editions, and about 60% considered themselves being of normal weight. There was a reduction in the percentage of adolescents who experienced cigarettes, from 24.2% (95%CI 23.6 - 24.8) to 22.3% (95%CI 21.4 - 23.2), and the prevalence of smoking was maintained at about 6% (there was no statistical difference between 2009 and 2012). The consumption of beans, fruits, sweets and soft drinks also decreased. Frequency of drug experimentation was of 8.7% (95%CI 8.3 - 9.1) in 2009, and 9.6% (95%CI 9.0 - 10.3) in 2012, with no difference between confidence intervals, and the frequency of alcohol experimentation was maintained at about 70%; the percentage of use in the past 30 days was also maintained at around 27%. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian capitals, the vast majority of prevalence of risk factors were kept stable in the two editions of the National Survey of School. These data generate evidence to guide the implementation of public policies to minimize the exposure of adolescents to risk factors.

Bullying and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: analysis of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012).

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of bullying from the victim's perspective in Brazilian school children and to analyze its association with individual and family context variables. METHODS: An analysis of the data on 109,104 adolescents, obtained by the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, held in schools in 2012, was carried out. An association model between bullying and explanatory variables was tested in different contexts: sociodemographic, risk behaviors, mental health and family context. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed, calculating the Odds Ratio and confidence intervals. RESULTS: The prevalence of bullying found in this study was of 7.2% (95%CI 6.6 - 7.8). A higher chance of bullying was found among male students (OR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.51 - 1.66), with an inverse relation between age and bullying, with the magnitude of risk among adolescents younger than 13 years of age being higher when compared to those with 16 years of age or more. Of individual risk behaviors, only being a smoker remained in the final model (OR = 1.11; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.23). Mental health variables associated with bullying were: feeling lonely (OR = 2.66; 95%CI 2.52 - 2.81), insomnia (OR = 1.92; 95%CI 1.80 - 2.05), not having friends (OR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.54 - 1.89), and, in the family context, those who skip class without telling their parents (OR = 1.13; 95%CI 1,07 - 1,19) and those who suffer physical abuse by family members (OR = 2.03; 95%CI 1.91 - 2.146). CONCLUSION: Bullying was associated to male students, younger, of black color, smokers, with mental health vulnerabilities and victims of domestic violence. This suggests the need for a holistic approach from education and health professionals, parents and the community in seeking measures for the prevention of bullying.

Situations of violence experienced by students in the state capitals and the Federal District: results from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012).

OBJECTIVE: To describe violent events experienced by school-aged adolescents in school, around the school and in the family context, and to compare the results of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey of 2009 and 2012. METHODS: Indicators related to violence involving teenagers were analyzed. The prevalence rates and confidence intervals of 95% were calculated for events of interest according to gender and type of school (public or private) and regions. RESULTS: Prevalence rates were: insecurity in the route between home-school (9.1%), insecurity in school (8.0%), physical assault in the last 12 months (18.2%), engaging in fights in the last 12 months (20.7%), fighting with a cold weapon (8.3%), fighting with firearms (6.9%), physical assault by a family member (11.6%) and having been seriously injured in the last 12 months (10.3%). The situations of violence were more prevalent among male students from public schools. The comparison with the 2009 survey showed increased prevalence in all the variables studied. CONCLUSION: Teenagers are exposed to different forms of violence, and the data from the National Survey of School Health can support the planning of preventive actions.

Evaluation of the toxicity and molluscicidal and larvicidal activities of Schinopsis brasiliensis stem bark extract and its fractions

Dengue fever and schistosomiasis are major public health issues for which vector control using larvicide and molluscicide substances present in plants provides a promising strategy. This study evaluated the potential toxicity of the extract of hydroethanol Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl., Anacardiaceae, stem bark and its chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate, and hydromethanol fractions against Artemia salina and Aedes Aegypti larvae and snails Biomphalaria glabrata. All of the assays were performed in triplicate and the mean mortality rates were used to determine the LC50 and LC90 values using the probit method. The hydroethanol hydromethanol extract and fraction were free of toxicity towards A. salina (LC50 > 1000 µg/ml), while chloroform fraction was moderately toxic (LC50 313 µg/ml); ethyl acetate and hexane fractions displayed low toxicity, with LC50 557 and 582 µg/ml, respectively. Chloroform, hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions showed larvicidal potential towards A. aegypti (LC50 values of 345, 527 and 583 µg/ml, respectively), while chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were highly toxic to B. glabrata (LC90 values of 68 and 73 µg/ml, respectively). Based on these findings, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane fractions should be further investigated for their potential use against the vectors of dengue and schistosomiasis.

Trend of the risk and protective factors of chronic diseases in adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2009 e 2012) / Tendência dos fatores de risco e proteção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2009 e 2012)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of major risk and protection factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in school-aged children in Brazilian capitals surveyed in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey in its two editions, 2009 and 2012. METHODS: The frequencies, with Confidence Interval of 95%, of the following demographic variables were compared: food intake, body image, physical activity, smoking, alcohol and other drugs. Prevalence was compared in the two editions of the survey. RESULTS: The proportion of students who attend two physical education classes a week was maintained at 49% between 2009 and 2012, increasing in public schools from 50.6% (95%CI 49.8 - 51.4) to 52.5% (95%CI 49.2 - 55.7), and decreasing in private schools. There was no change in the proportion of students who watch two hours or more of television daily, about 80%. As for body image, there was no change between the two editions, and about 60% considered themselves being of normal weight. There was a reduction in the percentage of adolescents who experienced cigarettes, from 24.2% (95%CI 23.6 - 24.8) to 22.3% (95%CI 21.4 - 23.2), and the prevalence of smoking was maintained at about 6% (there was no statistical difference between 2009 and 2012). The consumption of beans, fruits, sweets and soft drinks also decreased. Frequency of drug experimentation was of 8.7% (95%CI 8.3 - 9.1) in 2009, and 9.6% (95%CI 9.0 - 10.3) in 2012, with no difference between confidence intervals, and the frequency of alcohol experimentation was maintained at about 70%; the percentage of use in the past 30 days was also maintained at around 27%. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian capitals, the vast majority of prevalence of risk factors were kept stable in the two editions of the National Survey of School. These data generate evidence to guide the implementation of public policies to minimize the exposure of adolescents to risk factors. .

OBJETIVO: Comparar as prevalências dos principais fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em escolares nas capitais brasileiras, investigados na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar nas suas duas edições, 2009 e 2012. MÉTODOS: Foram comparadas as frequências com Intervalo de Confiança de 95% das variáveis sóciodemograficas e dos seguintes comportamentos: consumo alimentar, imagem corporal, atividade física, tabagismo, consumo de álcool e outras drogas. As prevalências foram comparadas nas duas edições da pesquisa. RESULTADOS: A proporção de alunos que praticam duas ou mais aulas de educação física foi mantida em 49% entre 2009 e 2012. Não houve mudança nos que assistem duas horas ou mais de televisão diária, cerca de 80%. Quanto à imagem corporal, não houve mudança nas duas edições, e cerca de 60% se consideraram com peso normal. Houve uma redução no percentual de adolescentes que experimentou cigarros de 24,2% (IC95% 23,6 - 24,8) para 22,3% (IC95% 21,4 - 23,2), e a prevalência de fumantes foi mantida em cerca de 6%. O consumo de feijão, frutas, guloseimas e refrigerantes também reduziu. A experimentação de drogas foi de 8,7% (IC95% 8,3 - 9,1) em 2009 e de 9,6% (IC95% 9,0 - 10,3) em 2012, e a frequência de experimentação de bebidas alcoólicas foi mantida em cerca de 70%; a porcentagem de uso nos últimos 30 dias também foi mantida, em cerca de 27%. CONCLUSÃO: Nas capitais brasileiras, foram mantidas estáveis a grande maioria das prevalências de fatores de risco nas duas edições da Pesquisa Nacional de Escolares. Estes dados geram evidências para orientar a implementação de políticas públicas para minimizar a exp...

Situations of violence experienced by students in the state capitals and the Federal District: results from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012) / Situações de violência vivenciadas por estudantes nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escola (PeNSE 2012)

OBJECTIVE: To describe violent events experienced by school-aged adolescents in school, around the school and in the family context, and to compare the results of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey of 2009 and 2012. METHODS: Indicators related to violence involving teenagers were analyzed. The prevalence rates and confidence intervals of 95% were calculated for events of interest according to gender and type of school (public or private) and regions. RESULTS: Prevalence rates were: insecurity in the route between home-school (9.1%), insecurity in school (8.0%), physical assault in the last 12 months (18.2%), engaging in fights in the last 12 months (20.7%), fighting with a cold weapon (8.3%), fighting with firearms (6.9%), physical assault by a family member (11.6%) and having been seriously injured in the last 12 months (10.3%). The situations of violence were more prevalent among male students from public schools. The comparison with the 2009 survey showed increased prevalence in all the variables studied. CONCLUSION: Teenagers are exposed to different forms of violence, and the data from the National Survey of School Health can support the planning of preventive actions. .

OBJETIVO: Descrever os eventos violentos vivenciados por adolescentes na escola, no entorno da escola e na família, além de comparar os resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar nos anos 2009 e 2012. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados indicadores referentes a situações de violência envolvendo adolescentes. Calcularam-se prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% para os eventos de interesse segundo sexo e dependência administrativa da escola (pública ou privada) e regiões. RESULTADOS: As prevalências encontradas foram: insegurança no trajeto casa-escola (8,8%), insegurança na escola (8,0%), agressão física nos últimos 12 meses (15,9%), envolver-se em briga nos últimos 12 meses (20,7%), briga com arma branca (7,3%), briga com arma de fogo (6,4%), agressão física por familiar (10,6%) e ter se ferido seriamente nos últimos 12 meses (10,3%). As situações de violência foram mais prevalentes entre estudantes do sexo masculino e de escolas públicas. A comparação com a pesquisa de 2009 mostrou aumento da prevalência em todas as variáveis pesquisadas. CONCLUSÃO: Os adolescentes estão expostos a diferentes manifestações de violência, e os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar podem apoiar o planejamento das ações de prevenção. .

Bullying and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: analysis of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012) / Bullying e fatores associados em adolescentes brasileiros: análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2012)

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of bullying from the victim's perspective in Brazilian school children and to analyze its association with individual and family context variables. METHODS: An analysis of the data on 109,104 adolescents, obtained by the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, held in schools in 2012, was carried out. An association model between bullying and explanatory variables was tested in different contexts: sociodemographic, risk behaviors, mental health and family context. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed, calculating the Odds Ratio and confidence intervals. RESULTS: The prevalence of bullying found in this study was of 7.2% (95%CI 6.6 - 7.8). A higher chance of bullying was found among male students (OR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.51 - 1.66), with an inverse relation between age and bullying, with the magnitude of risk among adolescents younger than 13 years of age being higher when compared to those with 16 years of age or more. Of individual risk behaviors, only being a smoker remained in the final model (OR = 1.11; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.23). Mental health variables associated with bullying were: feeling lonely (OR = 2.66; 95%CI 2.52 - 2.81), insomnia (OR = 1.92; 95%CI 1.80 - 2.05), not having friends (OR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.54 - 1.89), and, in the family context, those who skip class without telling their parents (OR = 1.13; 95%CI 1,07 - 1,19) and those who suffer physical abuse by family members (OR = 2.03; 95%CI 1.91 - 2.146). CONCLUSION: Bullying was associated to male students, younger, of black color, smokers, with mental health vulnerabilities and victims of domestic violence. This suggests the need for a holistic approach from education and health professionals, parents and the community in seeking measures for the prevention of bullying. .

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de bullying, sob a perspectiva da vítima, em escolares brasileiros e analisar sua associação com variáveis individuais e de contexto familiar. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas informações de 109.104 adolescentes obtidas da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE), 2012. Foi testado modelo de associação entre o bullying e variáveis explicativas nos seguintes domínios: sociodemográfico, comportamentos de risco, saúde mental e contexto familiar. Foram feitas analises uni e multivariada, calculando-se os odds ratio e respectivos intervalos de confiança. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de bullying foi de 7,2% (IC95% 6,6 - 7,8). Maior chance de bullying foi encontrada entre escolares do sexo masculino (OR = 1,58; IC95% 1,51 - 1,66), com uma relação inversa entre idade e bullying, sendo maior a magnitude do risco entre menores de 13 anos quando comparados aos de 16 ou mais anos. Dos comportamentos de risco individuais, apenas ser fumante se manteve no modelo final (OR = 1,11; IC95% 1,01 - 1,23). As variáveis de saúde mental associadas foram: sentir-se solitário (OR = 2,66; IC95% 2,52 - 2,81), ter insônia (OR = 1,92; IC95% 1,80 - 2,05), não ter amigos (OR = 1,71; IC95% 1,54 - 1,89) e, no contexto familiar os que faltam às aulas sem avisar os pais (OR = 1,13; IC95% 1,07 - 1,19) e relataram sofrer agressão física dos familiares (OR = 2,03; IC95% 1,91 - 2,16). CONCLUSÃO: O bullying mostrou-se associado aos escolares do sexo masculino, mais jovens, de cor preta, fumantes, além daqueles que apresentam vulnerabilidades no campo da saúde mental e de violência doméstica, o que sugere necessidade de uma abordagem holística de profissionais da educação, saúde, pais e comunidade na busca de medidas para sua prevenção. .

Psychoactive substance use, family context and mental health among Brazilian adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012) / Uso de substâncias psicoativas, contexto familiar e saúde mental em adolescentes brasileiros, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde dos Escolares (PeNSE 2012)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the consumption of psychoactive substances (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs) and demographic variables, mental health and family context among school-aged children. METHODS: The National Adolescent School-based Health Survey was held with a national sample of 109,104 students. Data regarding demographic variables, family background and mental health were collected. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of interest. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed that alcohol consumption was higher among girls, drug experimentation was more frequent among boys and that there was no difference between sexes for smoking. Being younger and mulatto were negatively associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. Also negatively associated with such risk behaviors were characteristics of the family context represented by: living with parents, having meals together and parental supervision (when parents know what the child does in their free time). Moreover, characteristics of mental health such as loneliness and insomnia were positively associated with use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. Not having friends was positively associated with use of tobacco and illicit drugs and negatively associated with alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the protective effect of family supervision in the use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs and, on the contrary, the increasing use of substances according to aspects of mental health, such as loneliness, insomnia and the fact of not having friends. The study's findings may support actions from health and education professionals, as well as from the government and families in order to prevent the use of these substances by adolescents. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre o consumo de substâncias psicoativas (tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas e drogas ilícitas) e variáveis demográficas, saúde mental e o contexto familiar em escolares. MÉTODOS: A Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar foi realizada em uma amostra nacional de 109.104 alunos. Foram coletadas informações referentes às variáveis demográficas, contexto familiar e saúde mental. A regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada para avaliar as associações de interesse. RESULTADOS: As análises multivariadas mostraram que o consumo de álcool foi mais elevado entre as meninas, experimentação de drogas foi mais elevada entre os meninos e não houve diferença entre os sexos para tabagismo. Idade mais jovem e ser da cor parda estiveram associados negativamente ao uso do tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas e drogas ilícitas. Também estiveram associadas negativamente a tais comportamentos de risco as características do contexto familiar representadas por: morar com os pais, fazer refeição em conjunto e supervisão parental (os pais saberem o que o filho faz no tempo livre). Por outro lado, características da saúde mental como a solidão e insônia estiveram associadas positivamente ao uso do tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas e drogas ilícitas. Não ter amigos associou-se positivamente ao uso do tabaco e drogas ilícitas, e negativamente ao uso do álcool. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo aponta o efeito protetor da supervisão familiar no uso de tabaco, álcool e drogas, e, ao contrário, o aumento do consumo em função de aspectos relacionados à saúde mental, como solidão, insônia e não ter amigos. Os achados do estudo podem apoiar ações dos profissionais de saúde, educação, ...

Investigation of protective effects of Erythrina velutina extract against MMS induced damages in the root meristem cells of Allium cepa

Erythrina velutina Willd., Fabaceae, is a medicinal plant that can be found in the tropics and subtropics, including in the semi-arid northeastern Brazil. It is commonly used in folk medicine to treat anxiety, agitation and insomnia. E. velutina has been known to present analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities, however, it is unknown if this plant present a protective effect on DNA. We assessed the antigenotoxic effect of E. velutina against the genotoxic effects induced by MMS in the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Three concentrations of the aqueous extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/L) of this medicinal plant were used in three different types of treatment (pre-, post- and simultaneous). The effects of the extracts on the root meristem cells of A. cepa were analyzed at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Protective effects were observed at higher concentrations in pre-treatment and in simultaneous treatment. The results suggest that E. velutina may present antigenotoxic properties and demonstrate its chemopreventive potential.

Orofacial antinociceptive effect and antioxidant properties of the hydroethanol extract of Hyptis fruticosa salmz ex Benth.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hyptis fruticosa is a plant native to Brazil with antinociceptive and antiinflamatory properties. This study evaluated the antinociceptive activity of the hydroethanol extract of the plant leaves (CHEE) against orofacial pain as well as its in vitro effect against lipid peroxidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antinociceptive activity was investigated in mice orally treated with different doses of the CHEE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and morphine (5 mg/kg) using formalin, glutamate, and capsaicin orofacial pain models using. Lipoperoxidation was induced in egg yolk by AAPH and FeSO4 in the absence and presence of the CHEE (5, 50, 100, and 150 µg/mL). RESULTS: CHEE (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced (ρ<0.001) the pain response in the first (69.6%) and second (81.8%) phases of the formalin test, while the nociception caused by capsaicin was significantly (ρ<0.001) reduced by up to 62% at 200 mg/kg of extract. When glutamate was used as algogen, a significant (ρ<0.001) nociception reduction of up to 85% at 200 mg/kg extract was observed. CHEE showed a higher protection against lipoperoxidation caused by FeSO4 (82.3% TBARS inhibition) than AAPH (35.7% TBARS inhibition) at 150 µg/mL. CONCLUSION: Hyptis fruticosa leaf CHEE is of pharmacological interest because it was able to inhibit the peripheral and central transmission of orofacial pain, while reducing the spreading of the inflammatory processes by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, which are by-products in the biosynthesis of pain mediators.

Simulium (Chirostilbia) brunnescens (Diptera: Simuliidae) - new species from the Brazilian cerrado, Manso Dam, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

A new species of Simuliidae, Simulium (Chirostilbia) brunnescens, was discovered at Chapada dos Guimarães, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and nearby municipalities (Paranatinga, Rosário do Oeste and Nobres). This species is described here based on the adults, pupae and larvae. This species is closely related to Simulium (C.) subpallidum Lutz, but could be differentiated in all stages: females, leg colour pattern and frontal dilatation size; males, gonostyle shape; pupae, number of gill filaments; larvae, body size and colour, postgenal cleft, ratio between antenna and stalk of labral fan.

Simulium (Chirostilbia) brunnescens (Diptera: Simuliidae) - new species from the Brazilian cerrado, Manso Dam, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

A new species of Simuliidae, Simulium (Chirostilbia) brunnescens, was discovered at Chapada dos Guimarães, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and nearby municipalities (Paranatinga, Rosário do Oeste and Nobres). This species is described here based on the adults, pupae and larvae. This species is closely related to Simulium (C.) subpallidum Lutz, but could be differentiated in all stages: females, leg colour pattern and frontal dilatation size; males, gonostyle shape; pupae, number of gill filaments; larvae, body size and colour, postgenal cleft, ratio between antenna and stalk of labral fan.