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1.
Cad Saude Publica ; 40(5): e00139723, 2024.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38775611

ABSTRACT

Early detection is a major strategy in breast cancer control and, for this reason, it is important to ensure access to investigation of suspected cases for care continuity and timely treatment. This study aimed to estimate the need for procedures of breast cancer early detection and assess their adequacy for providing care to screened and symptomatic women in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) in 2019. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the provision of tests for breast cancer early detection, comparing the estimated need with the procedures performed in the SUS. Parameters provided by the Brazilian National Cancer Institute were used to estimate the population and the need for early detection tests. The number of procedures performed in 2019 was obtained from the Outpatient Information System of the SUS. A deficit in screening mammograms was observed in the country (-45.1%), ranging from -31.4% in the South Region to -70.5 % in the North Region. If this test was offered to the target population, the deficit in the country would reduce to -14.8% and there would be an oversupply in the South Region (6.2%). Diagnostic investigation procedures varied between the regions, with higher deficits in coarse needle biopsy (-90.8%) and breast lump biopsy/excision (-80.6%) observed in the Central-West Region, and the highest deficit in anatomopathological exams in the North Region (-88.5%). The comparison between the production and need for procedures of breast cancer early detection in Brazil and its regions identified deficits and inadequacies that must be better understood and addressed at the state and municipal levels.


A detecção precoce é uma das estratégias para o controle do câncer de mama e, para tanto, é fundamental garantir o acesso à investigação dos casos suspeitos para continuidade do cuidado e tratamento oportuno. Este estudo tem por objetivo estimar a necessidade de procedimentos para detecção precoce dessa neoplasia e avaliar a sua adequação no atendimento às mulheres rastreadas e sintomáticas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no ano de 2019. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal para analisar a oferta de exames de detecção precoce do câncer de mama, comparando a necessidade estimada com os procedimentos realizados no SUS. Foram utilizados os parâmetros disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Câncer para estimar a população e a necessidade de exames para a detecção precoce. No Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS, obteve-se o número de procedimentos realizados em 2019. Observou-se um déficit de mamografias de rastreamento no país (-45,1%), variando entre -31,4% na Região Sul a -70,5% na Região Norte. Se a oferta desse exame fosse direcionada para a população-alvo do rastreamento, o déficit no país reduziria para -14,8% e haveria sobreoferta no Sul (6,2%). Os procedimentos de investigação diagnóstica apresentaram variações entre as regiões, com maiores déficits de punção por agulha grossa (-90,8%) e biópsia/exérese de nódulo da mama (-80,6%) observados no Centro-oeste, e o maior déficit de exames anatomopatológicos no Norte (-88,5%). A comparação entre a produção e a necessidade de procedimentos para detecção precoce do câncer de mama no Brasil identificou déficits e inadequações que devem ser melhor conhecidos e equacionados em nível estadual e municipal.


La detección temprana es una de las estrategias para el control del cáncer de mama y, para ello, es fundamental garantizar el acceso a la investigación de los casos sospechosos para la continuidad del cuidado y el tratamiento oportuno. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la necesidad de procedimientos para la detección temprana de esta neoplasia y evaluar su adecuación en la atención a las mujeres rastreadas y sintomáticas en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) brasileño, en el año 2019. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal para analizar la oferta de pruebas para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama, comparando la necesidad estimada con los procedimientos realizados en el SUS. Se utilizaron los parámetros proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer para estimar la población y la necesidad de pruebas para la detección temprana. El número de procedimientos realizados en el 2019 se obtuvo del Sistema de Información Ambulatoria del SUS. Se observó un déficit de mamografías de tamizaje en el país (-45,1%), oscilando entre el -31,4% en la Región Sur y el -70,5% en la Región Norte. Si la oferta de esta prueba se dirigiera a la población objetivo del rastreo, el déficit en el país se reduciría al -14,8% y habría una sobreoferta en el Sur (6,2%). Los procedimientos de investigación diagnóstica presentaron variaciones entre regiones, observándose mayores déficits en punción con aguja gruesa (-90,8%) y biopsia/escisión de nódulo mamario (-80,6%) en el Centro-Oeste, y el mayor déficit de pruebas anatomopatológicas en el Norte (-88,5%). La comparación entre la producción y la necesidad de procedimientos para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama en Brasil y en las regiones identificó déficits e insuficiencias que deben ser mejor conocidos y abordados a nivel estatal y municipal.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Early Detection of Cancer , Mammography , National Health Programs , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mammography/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Adult , Mass Screening/methods , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data
2.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 40(5): e00139723, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557429

ABSTRACT

Resumo: A detecção precoce é uma das estratégias para o controle do câncer de mama e, para tanto, é fundamental garantir o acesso à investigação dos casos suspeitos para continuidade do cuidado e tratamento oportuno. Este estudo tem por objetivo estimar a necessidade de procedimentos para detecção precoce dessa neoplasia e avaliar a sua adequação no atendimento às mulheres rastreadas e sintomáticas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no ano de 2019. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal para analisar a oferta de exames de detecção precoce do câncer de mama, comparando a necessidade estimada com os procedimentos realizados no SUS. Foram utilizados os parâmetros disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Câncer para estimar a população e a necessidade de exames para a detecção precoce. No Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS, obteve-se o número de procedimentos realizados em 2019. Observou-se um déficit de mamografias de rastreamento no país (-45,1%), variando entre -31,4% na Região Sul a -70,5% na Região Norte. Se a oferta desse exame fosse direcionada para a população-alvo do rastreamento, o déficit no país reduziria para -14,8% e haveria sobreoferta no Sul (6,2%). Os procedimentos de investigação diagnóstica apresentaram variações entre as regiões, com maiores déficits de punção por agulha grossa (-90,8%) e biópsia/exérese de nódulo da mama (-80,6%) observados no Centro-oeste, e o maior déficit de exames anatomopatológicos no Norte (-88,5%). A comparação entre a produção e a necessidade de procedimentos para detecção precoce do câncer de mama no Brasil identificou déficits e inadequações que devem ser melhor conhecidos e equacionados em nível estadual e municipal.


Abstract: Early detection is a major strategy in breast cancer control and, for this reason, it is important to ensure access to investigation of suspected cases for care continuity and timely treatment. This study aimed to estimate the need for procedures of breast cancer early detection and assess their adequacy for providing care to screened and symptomatic women in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) in 2019. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the provision of tests for breast cancer early detection, comparing the estimated need with the procedures performed in the SUS. Parameters provided by the Brazilian National Cancer Institute were used to estimate the population and the need for early detection tests. The number of procedures performed in 2019 was obtained from the Outpatient Information System of the SUS. A deficit in screening mammograms was observed in the country (-45.1%), ranging from -31.4% in the South Region to -70.5 % in the North Region. If this test was offered to the target population, the deficit in the country would reduce to -14.8% and there would be an oversupply in the South Region (6.2%). Diagnostic investigation procedures varied between the regions, with higher deficits in coarse needle biopsy (-90.8%) and breast lump biopsy/excision (-80.6%) observed in the Central-West Region, and the highest deficit in anatomopathological exams in the North Region (-88.5%). The comparison between the production and need for procedures of breast cancer early detection in Brazil and its regions identified deficits and inadequacies that must be better understood and addressed at the state and municipal levels.


Resumen: La detección temprana es una de las estrategias para el control del cáncer de mama y, para ello, es fundamental garantizar el acceso a la investigación de los casos sospechosos para la continuidad del cuidado y el tratamiento oportuno. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la necesidad de procedimientos para la detección temprana de esta neoplasia y evaluar su adecuación en la atención a las mujeres rastreadas y sintomáticas en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) brasileño, en el año 2019. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal para analizar la oferta de pruebas para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama, comparando la necesidad estimada con los procedimientos realizados en el SUS. Se utilizaron los parámetros proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer para estimar la población y la necesidad de pruebas para la detección temprana. El número de procedimientos realizados en el 2019 se obtuvo del Sistema de Información Ambulatoria del SUS. Se observó un déficit de mamografías de tamizaje en el país (-45,1%), oscilando entre el -31,4% en la Región Sur y el -70,5% en la Región Norte. Si la oferta de esta prueba se dirigiera a la población objetivo del rastreo, el déficit en el país se reduciría al -14,8% y habría una sobreoferta en el Sur (6,2%). Los procedimientos de investigación diagnóstica presentaron variaciones entre regiones, observándose mayores déficits en punción con aguja gruesa (-90,8%) y biopsia/escisión de nódulo mamario (-80,6%) en el Centro-Oeste, y el mayor déficit de pruebas anatomopatológicas en el Norte (-88,5%). La comparación entre la producción y la necesidad de procedimientos para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama en Brasil y en las regiones identificó déficits e insuficiencias que deben ser mejor conocidos y abordados a nivel estatal y municipal.

3.
Crit Care Sci ; 35(3): 243-255, 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38133154

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To update the recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil. METHODS: Experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform. The quality of the evidence and the preparation of the recommendations followed the GRADE method. RESULTS: Twenty-one recommendations were generated, including strong recommendations for the use of corticosteroids in patients using supplemental oxygen and conditional recommendations for the use of tocilizumab and baricitinib for patients on supplemental oxygen or on noninvasive ventilation and anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolism. Due to suspension of use authorization, it was not possible to make recommendations regarding the use of casirivimab + imdevimab. Strong recommendations against the use of azithromycin in patients without suspected bacterial infection, hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, colchicine, and lopinavir + ritonavir and conditional recommendations against the use of ivermectin and remdesivir were made. CONCLUSION: New recommendations for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were generated, such as those for tocilizumab and baricitinib. Corticosteroids and prophylaxis for thromboembolism are still recommended, the latter with conditional recommendation. Several drugs were considered ineffective and should not be used to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and to promote resource economy.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Thromboembolism , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19 Serotherapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Oxygen
4.
Commun Biol ; 6(1): 1132, 2023 11 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37938268

ABSTRACT

Germline mutations of E-cadherin cause Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC), a highly invasive cancer syndrome characterised by the occurrence of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma and lobular breast cancer. In this disease, E-cadherin-defective cells are detected invading the adjacent stroma since very early stages. Although E-cadherin loss is well established as a triggering event, other determinants of the invasive process persist largely unknown. Herein, we develop an experimental strategy that comprises in vitro extrusion assays using E-cadherin mutants associated to HDGC, as well as mathematical models epitomising epithelial dynamics and its interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM). In vitro, we verify that E-cadherin dysfunctional cells detach from the epithelial monolayer and extrude basally into the ECM. Through phase-field modelling we demonstrate that, aside from loss of cell-cell adhesion, increased ECM attachment further raises basal extrusion efficiency. Importantly, by combining phase-field and vertex model simulations, we show that the cylindrical structure of gastric glands strongly promotes the cell's invasive ability. Moreover, we validate our findings using a dissipative particle dynamics simulation of epithelial extrusion. Overall, we provide the first evidence that cancer cell invasion is the outcome of defective cell-cell linkages, abnormal interplay with the ECM, and a favourable 3D tissue structure.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Stomach Neoplasms , Humans , Cadherins/genetics , Extracellular Matrix , Cell Adhesion , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
5.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(3): 243-255, July-Sept. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528475

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To update the recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: Experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform. The quality of the evidence and the preparation of the recommendations followed the GRADE method. Results: Twenty-one recommendations were generated, including strong recommendations for the use of corticosteroids in patients using supplemental oxygen and conditional recommendations for the use of tocilizumab and baricitinib for patients on supplemental oxygen or on noninvasive ventilation and anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolism. Due to suspension of use authorization, it was not possible to make recommendations regarding the use of casirivimab + imdevimab. Strong recommendations against the use of azithromycin in patients without suspected bacterial infection, hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, colchicine, and lopinavir + ritonavir and conditional recommendations against the use of ivermectin and remdesivir were made. Conclusion: New recommendations for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were generated, such as those for tocilizumab and baricitinib. Corticosteroids and prophylaxis for thromboembolism are still recommended, the latter with conditional recommendation. Several drugs were considered ineffective and should not be used to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and to promote resource economy.


RESUMO Objetivo: Atualizar as recomendações para embasar as decisões para o tratamento farmacológico de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: A elaboração desta diretriz foi feita por especialistas, incluindo representantes do Ministério da Saúde e metodologistas. O método utilizado para o desenvolvimento rápido de diretrizes baseou-se na adoção e/ou adaptação de diretrizes internacionais existentes (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) e contou com o apoio da plataforma e-COVID-19 RecMap. A qualidade das evidências e a elaboração das recomendações seguiram o método GRADE. Resultados: Chegaram-se a 21 recomendações, incluindo recomendações fortes quanto ao uso de corticosteroides em pacientes em uso de oxigênio suplementar e recomendações condicionais para o uso de tocilizumabe e baricitinibe, em pacientes com oxigênio suplementar ou ventilação não invasiva, e de anticoagulantes, para prevenção de tromboembolismo. Devido à suspensão da autorização de uso, não foi possível fazer recomendações para o tratamento com casirivimabe + imdevimabe. Foram feitas recomendações fortes contra o uso de azitromicina em pacientes sem suspeita de infecção bacteriana, hidroxicloroquina, plasma convalescente, colchicina e lopinavir + ritonavir, além de recomendações condicionais contra o uso de ivermectina e rendesivir. Conclusão: Foram criadas novas recomendações para o tratamento de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19, como as recomendações de tocilizumabe e baricitinibe. Ainda são recomendados corticosteroides e profilaxia contra tromboembolismo, esta em caráter condicional. Vários medicamentos foram considerados ineficazes e não devem ser usados, no intuito de proporcionar o melhor tratamento segundo os princípios da medicina baseada em evidências e promover a economia de recursos.

6.
Clin Infect Dis ; 77(Suppl 1): S62-S69, 2023 07 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37406048

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Our aim in this retrospective cohort study was to assess the impact on mortality of the empirical use of polymyxin as therapy for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in septic patients. The study was performed at a tertiary academic hospital in Brazil, from January 2018 to January 2020, the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 period. METHODS: We included 203 patients with suspected sepsis. The first doses of antibiotics were prescribed from a "sepsis antibiotic kit", which contained a selection of drugs, including polymyxin, with no preapproval policy. We developed a logistic regression model to assess risk factors associated with 14-day crude mortality. Propensity score for polymyxin was used to control biases. RESULTS: Seventy (34%) of 203 patients had infections with at least 1 multidrug-resistant organism isolated from any clinical culture. Polymyxins in monotherapy or in combination therapy were prescribed to 140 of the 203 (69%) patients. The overall 14-day mortality rate was 30%. The 14-day crude mortality was associated with age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.05; P = .01), SOFA (sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score value (aOR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.09-1.32; P < .001), CR-GNB infection (aOR, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.53-10.14; P = .005), and time between suspected sepsis and antibiotic administration (aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, .65-.83; P < .001). The empirical use of polymyxins was not associated with decreased crude mortality (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, .29-1.71; P = .44). CONCLUSIONS: Empirical use of polymyxin for septic patients in a setting with high CR-GNB prevalence was not associated with decreased crude mortality.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , Sepsis , Humans , Polymyxins/therapeutic use , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Carbapenems/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Sepsis/drug therapy , Sepsis/epidemiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology
7.
Epidemiol Serv Saude ; 32(2): e2022567, 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37162109

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVE: to analyze breast cancer screening monitoring indicators in the female population using the Brazilian National Health System, from 2018 to 2019. METHODS: this was a descriptive study based on Cancer Information System (SISCAN) data; screening indicators were calculated following deterministic linkage of the mammography and histopathology databases. RESULTS: in 2018, 807,430 women aged 50 to 69 years were screened for breast cancer, 91% of whom had a benign result, 1.8% probably benign, 6.7% inconclusive results and 0.5% results suggestive of cancer; the positive mammogram rate was 9.0%; biopsy was estimated to be indicated for 1.6% of the women, 33.9% of whom had a malignant result, and the cancer confirmation rate was 5.4 per 1,000 women. CONCLUSION: high benign lesion loss to follow-up was identified; the positive mammogram rate was lower than the international parameter, but the cancer detection rate was adequate and the percentage of inconclusive mammograms was acceptable.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Early Detection of Cancer , Female , Humans , Biopsy , Brazil/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Mammography , Information Systems
8.
Cad Saude Publica ; 39(5): e00117922, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37255192

ABSTRACT

False-positive results on mammography screening are common, putting a burden on both women and the health care system. This study aimed to estimate the risk of false-positive results in Brazilian mammography screening based on data from the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) information systems. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with women aged 40-69 years, who underwent mammography screening and breast histopathological examination at SUS from 2017 to 2019. The rate of false-positive results was estimated based on the prevalence of altered BI-RADS results on mammography screening and the proportion of benign results on breast histopathological examination. Of the 10,671 women with histopathological examination at SUS, 46.2% had a benign result, and this proportion was significantly higher in women aged 40-49 years compared to women aged 50-69 years. The estimate of false-positive results was 8.18 cases per 100 women aged 40-49 years and 6.06 per 100 women aged 50-69 years. This information is useful for public managers in evaluating mammography screening programs, as well as for health care providers to guide women on the implications of mammography screening.


Resultados falsos positivos na mamografia de rastreamento são comuns a essa intervenção e trazem ônus para as mulheres e o sistema de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o risco de resultado falso positivo no rastreamento mamográfico brasileiro com base em dados de sistemas de informação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foi realizado estudo de coorte histórica de mulheres de 40-69 anos, que realizaram mamografia de rastreamento e exame histopatológico de mama no SUS, nos anos de 2017 a 2019. A taxa de resultados falsos positivos foi estimada a partir da prevalência de resultados BI-RADS alterados na mamografia de rastreamento e da proporção de resultados benignos no exame histopatológico de mama. Das 10.671 mulheres com exame histopatológico no SUS, 46,2% apresentaram resultado benigno, sendo essa proporção significativamente maior em mulheres de 40-49 anos comparada à de mulheres de 50-69 anos. A estimativa de resultados falsos positivos foi de 8,18 casos por 100 mulheres na faixa etária de 40-49 anos, e de 6,06 por 100 mulheres na faixa de 50-69 anos. Essas informações são úteis aos gestores na avaliação de programas de rastreamento do câncer de mama, assim como aos profissionais de saúde, para que orientem a mulher sobre as implicações do rastreamento mamográfico.


Los resultados falsos positivos en la mamografía de cribado son comunes en esta intervención y suponen prejuicios para las mujeres y el sistema de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el riesgo de resultados falsos positivos en el cribado mamográfico brasileño a partir de los datos del sistema de información del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Se realizó un estudio de cohorte histórica de mujeres de 40-69 años, que se sometieron a mamografía de cribado y examen histopatológico de mama en el SUS, de 2017 a 2019. La tasa de resultados falsos positivos se estimó a partir de la prevalencia de resultados de BI-RADS alterados en la mamografía de cribado y la proporción de resultados benignos en el examen histopatológico de mama. De las 10.671 mujeres que se sometieron a examen histopatológico en el SUS, el 46,2% tuvo un resultado benigno, siendo esta proporción significativamente mayor en mujeres de 40-49 años en comparación con las mujeres de 50-69 años. La estimación de resultados falsos positivos fue de 8,18 casos por 100 mujeres en el grupo de edad de 40-49 años y 6,06 por 100 mujeres en el grupo de 50-69 años. Esta información es útil para los gestores en la evaluación de los programas de cribado de cáncer de mama, así como para los profesionales sanitarios en orientar a las mujeres sobre las implicaciones del cribado mamográfico.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Mammography , Female , Humans , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Mammography/methods , Breast/pathology , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Mass Screening/methods
9.
SciELO Preprints; mar. 2023.
Preprint in Portuguese | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-5849

ABSTRACT

Objetive: To analyze breast cancer screening monitoring indicators in the female population assisted by the Brazilian Unified Health System, from 2018 to 2019. Methods: Descriptive study based on the Cancer Information System (Siscan). Screening indicators were calculated through the deterministic linkage of the mammography and histopathological databases. Results: In 2018, 807,430 women, aged 50 to 69 years were screened for breast cancer. Of these, 91% had a benign result, 1.8% probably benign, 6.7% inconclusive results and 0.5% suggestive of cancer. The positive mammography rate was 9.0%. An indication for biopsy was estimated for 1.6% of the women, a malignant result for 33.9% of them and a cancer confirmation rate of 5.4 per 1,000 women. Conclusion: A high loss of follow-up of benign lesions was identified. The rate of positive mammograms was lower than the international parameter, but the cancer detection rate was adequate and the percentage of inconclusive mammograms acceptable.


Objetivo: Analizar indicadores del tamizaje de cáncer de mama en población femenina atendida por Sistema Único de Salud Brasileño, de 2018-2019. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo basado en Sistema de Información del Cáncer (Siscan). Los indicadores de detección se calcularon después de vinculación determinista de bases de datos de mamografía e histopatología. Resultados: En 2018, 807.430 mujeres de 50-69 años examinaram cáncer de mama. De estos, 91% tuvo resultado benigno, 1,8% probablemente benigno, 6,7% resultado no concluyente y 0,5% sugestivo de cáncer. La tasa de mamografías positivas fue 9,0%. Se estimó indicación de biopsia en 1,6% de las mujeres, resultado maligno en 33,9% y tasa de confirmación de cáncer de 5,4 por 1.000 mujeres. Conclusión: Se identificó alta pérdida de seguimiento de las lesiones benignas. La tasa de mamografías positivas fue inferior al parámetro internacional, pero la tasa de detección de cáncer fue adecuada y el porcentaje de mamografías no concluyentes aceptable.


Objetivo: analisar indicadores de monitoramento do rastreamento do câncer de mama na população feminina usuária do Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, no período 2018-2019. Métodos: estudo descritivo, a partir do Sistema de Informação do Câncer; foram calculados indicadores de rastreamento após relacionamento determinístico das bases de dados de mamografia e histopatologia. Resultados: em 2018, 807.430 mulheres na faixa etária de 50-69 anos foram rastreadas e dessas, 91% apresentaram resultado benigno, 1,8% provavelmente benigno, 6,7% inconclusivo e 0,5% sugestivo de câncer; a taxa de mamografia positiva foi de 9,0%; estimou-se indicação de biópsia para 1,6% das mulheres, resultado maligno para 33,9% delas, e taxa de confirmação de câncer de 5,4 por 1000 mulheres. Conclusão: identificou-se elevada perda de seguimento das lesões benignas; a taxa de mamografias positivas foi inferior ao parâmetro internacional; contudo, a taxa de detecção de câncer foi adequada, e o percentual de mamografias inconclusivas aceitável.

10.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 39(5): e00117922, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439771

ABSTRACT

Resultados falsos positivos na mamografia de rastreamento são comuns a essa intervenção e trazem ônus para as mulheres e o sistema de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o risco de resultado falso positivo no rastreamento mamográfico brasileiro com base em dados de sistemas de informação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foi realizado estudo de coorte histórica de mulheres de 40-69 anos, que realizaram mamografia de rastreamento e exame histopatológico de mama no SUS, nos anos de 2017 a 2019. A taxa de resultados falsos positivos foi estimada a partir da prevalência de resultados BI-RADS alterados na mamografia de rastreamento e da proporção de resultados benignos no exame histopatológico de mama. Das 10.671 mulheres com exame histopatológico no SUS, 46,2% apresentaram resultado benigno, sendo essa proporção significativamente maior em mulheres de 40-49 anos comparada à de mulheres de 50-69 anos. A estimativa de resultados falsos positivos foi de 8,18 casos por 100 mulheres na faixa etária de 40-49 anos, e de 6,06 por 100 mulheres na faixa de 50-69 anos. Essas informações são úteis aos gestores na avaliação de programas de rastreamento do câncer de mama, assim como aos profissionais de saúde, para que orientem a mulher sobre as implicações do rastreamento mamográfico.


False-positive results on mammography screening are common, putting a burden on both women and the health care system. This study aimed to estimate the risk of false-positive results in Brazilian mammography screening based on data from the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) information systems. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with women aged 40-69 years, who underwent mammography screening and breast histopathological examination at SUS from 2017 to 2019. The rate of false-positive results was estimated based on the prevalence of altered BI-RADS results on mammography screening and the proportion of benign results on breast histopathological examination. Of the 10,671 women with histopathological examination at SUS, 46.2% had a benign result, and this proportion was significantly higher in women aged 40-49 years compared to women aged 50-69 years. The estimate of false-positive results was 8.18 cases per 100 women aged 40-49 years and 6.06 per 100 women aged 50-69 years. This information is useful for public managers in evaluating mammography screening programs, as well as for health care providers to guide women on the implications of mammography screening.


Los resultados falsos positivos en la mamografía de cribado son comunes en esta intervención y suponen prejuicios para las mujeres y el sistema de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el riesgo de resultados falsos positivos en el cribado mamográfico brasileño a partir de los datos del sistema de información del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Se realizó un estudio de cohorte histórica de mujeres de 40-69 años, que se sometieron a mamografía de cribado y examen histopatológico de mama en el SUS, de 2017 a 2019. La tasa de resultados falsos positivos se estimó a partir de la prevalencia de resultados de BI-RADS alterados en la mamografía de cribado y la proporción de resultados benignos en el examen histopatológico de mama. De las 10.671 mujeres que se sometieron a examen histopatológico en el SUS, el 46,2% tuvo un resultado benigno, siendo esta proporción significativamente mayor en mujeres de 40-49 años en comparación con las mujeres de 50-69 años. La estimación de resultados falsos positivos fue de 8,18 casos por 100 mujeres en el grupo de edad de 40-49 años y 6,06 por 100 mujeres en el grupo de 50-69 años. Esta información es útil para los gestores en la evaluación de los programas de cribado de cáncer de mama, así como para los profesionales sanitarios en orientar a las mujeres sobre las implicaciones del cribado mamográfico.

11.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 32(2): e2022567, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440092

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar indicadores de monitoramento do rastreamento do câncer de mama na população feminina usuária do Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, no período 2018-2019. Métodos: estudo descritivo, a partir do Sistema de Informação do Câncer; foram calculados indicadores de rastreamento após relacionamento determinístico das bases de dados de mamografia e histopatologia. Resultados: em 2018, 807.430 mulheres na faixa etária de 50-69 anos foram rastreadas, e dessas, 91% apresentaram resultado benigno, 1,8% provavelmente benigno, 6,7% inconclusivo e 0,5% sugestivo de câncer; a taxa de mamografia positiva foi de 9,0%; estimou- -se indicação de biópsia para 1,6% das mulheres, resultado maligno para 33,9% delas, e taxa de confirmação de câncer de 5,4 por 1 mil mulheres. Conclusão: identificou-se elevada perda de seguimento das lesões benignas; a taxa de mamografias positivas foi inferior ao parâmetro internacional; contudo, a taxa de detecção de câncer foi adequada, e o percentual de mamografias inconclusivas, aceitável.


Objetivo: analizar indicadores del tamizaje de cáncer de mama en población femenina atendida por Sistema Único de Salud Brasileño, de 2018-2019. Métodos: estudio descriptivo basado en Sistema de Información del Cáncer (Siscan). Los indicadores de detección se calcularon después de vinculación determinista de bases de datos de mamografía e histopatología. Resultados: en 2018, 807.430 mujeres de 50-69 años examinaram cáncer de mama. De estos, 91% tuvo resultado benigno, 1,8% probablemente benigno, 6,7% resultado no concluyente y 0,5% sugestivo de cáncer. La tasa de mamografías positivas fue 9,0%. Se estimó indicación de biopsia en 1,6% de las mujeres, resultado maligno en 33,9% y tasa de confirmación de cáncer de 5,4 por 1.000 mujeres. Conclusión: se identificó alta pérdida de seguimiento de las lesiones benignas. La tasa de mamografías positivas fue inferior al parámetro internacional, pero la tasa de detección de cáncer fue adecuada y el porcentaje de mamografías no concluyentes aceptable.


Objetive: to analyze breast cancer screening monitoring indicators in the female population using the Brazilian National Health System, from 2018 to 2019. Methods: this was a descriptive study based on Cancer Information System (SISCAN) data; screening indicators were calculated following deterministic linkage of the mammography and histopathology databases. Results: in 2018, 807,430 women aged 50 to 69 years were screened for breast cancer, 91% of whom had a benign result, 1.8% probably benign, 6.7% inconclusive results and 0.5% results suggestive of cancer; the positive mammogram rate was 9.0%; biopsy was estimated to be indicated for 1.6% of the women, 33.9% of whom had a malignant result, and the cancer confirmation rate was 5.4 per 1,000 women. Conclusion: high benign lesion loss to follow-up was identified; the positive mammogram rate was lower than the international parameter, but the cancer detection rate was adequate and the percentage of inconclusive mammograms was acceptable.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Unified Health System , Brazil/epidemiology , Women's Health , Population Studies in Public Health
12.
Epidemiol Serv Saude ; 31(3): e2022466, 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36477185

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to describe and reclassify cervical histopathology test result diagnoses recorded as other neoplasms on the Cancer Information System (SISCAN), Brazil, 2013-2020. METHODS: this was a descriptive study based on diagnoses input to the "other malign neoplasms" field on the SISCAN; a pathologist assessed the diagnoses and reclassified them based on the categories existing on the standardized record form; absolute and relative frequencies of incorrectly recorded diagnoses were calculated. RESULTS: histopathology test results registered as "other malign neoplasms" accounted for 2.4% (n = 5,778) of all records, 67.4% of which in fact fell into categories already existing on the form, 8.9% were indeed other neoplasms and 24.5% were results not compatible with other neoplasms and were not covered by the form categories, such as benign findings or findings outside the cervix. CONCLUSION: the "other malignant neoplasms" field is frequently misused on the SISCAN; the analysis highlighted the need to train professionals to use the system properly, as well as the need to include new categories on the form.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Humans , Brazil , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Information Systems
13.
SciELO Preprints; out. 2022.
Preprint in Portuguese | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-4841

ABSTRACT

Objective: to describe and reclassify the diagnoses registered in the "other neoplasms" field of the histopathological examination reports in the Cancer Information System (Siscan), Brazil, 2031-2020. Methods: descriptive study based on examinations compiled of the cervix entered in the Siscan; a pathologist assessed the diagnoses and reclassified them based on the categories reported in the standardized form. Results: histopathological exams registered as "other neoplasms" represents 2.4% of all examinations reports (n = 5,778) of which 67.4% could be registered in the existing categories, 8.9% were "other neoplasms" and 24.5% were results not compatible with other neoplasms and that were not included in the existing options, such as benign findings or findings outside the cervix. Conclusion: the field for other malignant neoplasms is misused; the analysis highlighted the need to train professionals to properly use the system and include new categories in the form.


Objetivo: describir y reclasificar los diagnósticos registrados en el campo "otras neoplasias malignas" de exámenes histopatológicos del cuello uterino en el Sistema de Información del Cáncer (Siscan), Brasil, 2013-2020. Métodos: estudio descriptivo del campo "otras neoplasias malignas" en Siscan; estudio descriptivo de las fichas diagnósticas recopiladas en el campo "otras neoplasias malignas" en Siscan entre 2013 y 2020. Resultados: los diagnósticos histopatológicos "otras neoplasias malignas" representaron el 2,4% (n = 5.778) del total, de los cuales el 67,4% se pudo registrar en las categorías existentes, el 8,9% fueron en realidad otros tipos de neoplasias malignas y el 24,5% fueron resultados no compatibles con otras neoplasias y que no estaban incluidas en las opciones existentes. Conclusión: existe la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales para que utilicen correctamente los campos del sistema e incluyan nuevas categorías de diagnóstico en el formulario.


Objetivo: descrever e reclassificar os diagnósticos de outras neoplasias de exames histopatológicos do colo do útero registrados no Sistema de Informação do Câncer (Siscan), Brasil, 2013-2020. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos diagnósticos compilados no campo "outras neoplasias malignas" do Siscan; os diagnósticos foram avaliados por patologista e reclassificados nas categorias existentes no formulário; foram calculadas frequências absolutas e relativas dos diagnósticos registrados incorretamente. Resultados: o diagnóstico "outras neoplasias malignas" representou 2,4% (n = 5.778) dos diagnósticos, dos quais 67,4% poderiam ser registrados em categorias existentes, 8,9% eram efetivamente outros tipos de neoplasias malignas, e 24,5% apresentavam resultados não compatíveis com outras neoplasias, como achados benignos ou fora do colo do útero, não disponíveis nos campos existentes. Conclusão: o campo "outras neoplasias malignas" é frequentemente utilizado de maneira inadequada, no Siscan; constata-se a necessidade de capacitar os profissionais para o adequado uso dos campos do sistema e incluir novas categorias diagnósticas no formulário.

14.
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva ; 34(1): 1-12, 2022.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35674525

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Several therapies are being used or proposed for COVID-19, and many lack appropriate evaluations of their effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this document is to develop recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil. METHODS: A group of 27 experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform. The quality of the evidence and the preparation of the recommendations followed the GRADE method. RESULTS: Sixteen recommendations were generated. They include strong recommendations for the use of corticosteroids in patients using supplemental oxygen, the use of anticoagulants at prophylactic doses to prevent thromboembolism and the nonuse of antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection. It was not possible to make a recommendation regarding the use of tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 using oxygen due to uncertainties regarding the availability of and access to the drug. Strong recommendations against the use of hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, colchicine, lopinavir + ritonavir and antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection and also conditional recommendations against the use of casirivimab + imdevimab, ivermectin and rendesivir were made. CONCLUSION: To date, few therapies have proven effective in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and only corticosteroids and prophylaxis for thromboembolism are recommended. Several drugs were considered ineffective and should not be used to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and promote economical resource use.


OBJETIVOS: Há diversas terapias sendo utilizadas ou propostas para a COVID-19, muitas carecendo de apropriada avaliação de efetividade e segurança. O propósito deste documento é elaborar recomendações para subsidiar decisões sobre o tratamento farmacológico de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Um grupo de 27 membros, formado por especialistas, representantes do Ministério da Saúde e metodologistas, integra essa diretriz. Foi utilizado o método de elaboração de diretrizes rápidas, tomando por base a adoção e/ou a adaptação de recomendações a partir de diretrizes internacionais existentes (GRADE ADOLOPMENT), apoiadas pela plataforma e-COVID-19 RecMap. A qualidade das evidências e a elaboração das recomendações seguiram o método GRADE. RESULTADOS: Foram geradas 16 recomendações. Entre elas, estão recomendações fortes para o uso de corticosteroides em pacientes em uso de oxigênio suplementar, para o uso de anticoagulantes em doses de profilaxia para tromboembolismo e para não uso de antibacterianos nos pacientes sem suspeita de infecção bacteriana. Não foi possível fazer uma recomendação quanto à utilização do tocilizumabe em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 em uso de oxigênio, pelas incertezas na disponibilidade e de acesso ao medicamento. Foi feita recomendação para não usar azitromicina, casirivimabe + imdevimabe, cloroquina, colchicina, hidroxicloroquina, ivermectina, lopinavir/ ritonavir, plasma convalescente e rendesivir. CONCLUSÃO: Até o momento, poucas terapias se provaram efetivas no tratamento do paciente hospitalizado com COVID-19, sendo recomendados apenas corticosteroides e profilaxia para tromboembolismo. Diversos medicamentos foram considerados ineficazes, devendo ser descartados, de forma a oferecer o melhor tratamento pelos princípios da medicina baseada em evidências e promover economia de recursos não eficazes.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , COVID-19 , Thromboembolism , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Brazil , COVID-19/therapy , Humans , Immunization, Passive , Oxygen , COVID-19 Serotherapy
15.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 26(2): 102347, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35341739

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several therapies have been used or proposed for the treatment of COVID-19, although their effectiveness and safety have not been properly evaluated. The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations to support decisions about the drug treatment of outpatients with COVID-19 in Brazil. METHODS: A panel consisting of experts from different clinical fields, representatives of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and methodologists (37 members in total) was responsible for preparing these guidelines. A rapid guideline development method was used, based on the adoption and/or adaptation of recommendations from existing international guidelines combined with additional structured searches for primary studies and new recommendations whenever necessary (GRADE-ADOLOPMENT). The rating of quality of evidence and the drafting of recommendations followed the GRADE method. RESULTS: Ten technologies were evaluated, and 10 recommendations were prepared. Recommendations were made against the use of anticoagulants, azithromycin, budesonide, colchicine, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine alone or combined with azithromycin, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, and convalescent plasma. It was not possible to make a recommendation regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies in outpatients, as their benefit is uncertain and their cost is high, with limitations of availability and implementation. CONCLUSION: To date, few therapies have demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19. Recommendations are restricted to what should not be used, in order to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and to promote resource savings by aboiding ineffective treatments.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , COVID-19 , Cardiology , Communicable Diseases , Emergency Medicine , Geriatrics , Azithromycin , Brazil , COVID-19/therapy , Community Medicine , Humans , Immunization, Passive , Outpatients , Vascular Surgical Procedures , COVID-19 Serotherapy
16.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 34(1): 1-12, jan.-mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BIGG - GRADE guidelines | ID: biblio-1388050

ABSTRACT

Há diversas terapias sendo utilizadas ou propostas para a COVID-19, muitas carecendo de apropriada avaliação de efetividade e segurança. O propósito deste documento é elaborar recomendações para subsidiar decisões sobre o tratamento farmacológico de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Um grupo de 27 membros, formado por especialistas, representantes do Ministério da Saúde e metodologistas, integra essa diretriz. Foi utilizado o método de elaboração de diretrizes rápidas, tomando por base a adoção e/ou a adaptação de recomendações a partir de diretrizes internacionais existentes (GRADE ADOLOPMENT), apoiadas pela plataforma e-COVID-19 RecMap. A qualidade das evidências e a elaboração das recomendações seguiram o método GRADE. Resultados: Foram geradas 16 recomendações. Entre elas, estão recomendações fortes para o uso de corticosteroides em pacientes em uso de oxigênio suplementar, para o uso de anticoagulantes em doses de profilaxia para tromboembolismo e para não uso de antibacterianos nos pacientes sem suspeita de infecção bacteriana. Não foi possível fazer uma recomendação quanto à utilização do tocilizumabe em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 em uso de oxigênio, pelas incertezas na disponibilidade e de acesso ao medicamento. Foi feita recomendação para não usar azitromicina, casirivimabe + imdevimabe, cloroquina, colchicina, hidroxicloroquina, ivermectina, lopinavir/ ritonavir, plasma convalescente e rendesivir. Conclusão: Até o momento, poucas terapias se provaram efetivas no tratamento do paciente hospitalizado com COVID-19, sendo recomendados apenas corticosteroides e profilaxia para tromboembolismo. Diversos medicamentos foram considerados ineficazes, devendo ser descartados, de forma a oferecer o melhor tratamento pelos princípios da medicina baseada em evidências e promover economia de recursos não eficazes.


Several therapies are being used or proposed for COVID-19, and many lack appropriate evaluations of their effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this document is to develop recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: A group of 27 experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform. The quality of the evidence and the preparation of the recommendations followed the GRADE method. Results: Sixteen recommendations were generated. They include strong recommendations for the use of corticosteroids in patients using supplemental oxygen, the use of anticoagulants at prophylactic doses to prevent thromboembolism and the nonuse of antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection. It was not possible to make a recommendation regarding the use of tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 using oxygen due to uncertainties regarding the availability of and access to the drug. Strong recommendations against the use of hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, colchicine, lopinavir + ritonavir and antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection and also conditional recommendations against the use of casirivimab + imdevimab, ivermectin and rendesivir were made. Conclusion: To date, few therapies have proven effective in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and only corticosteroids and prophylaxis for thromboembolism are recommended. Several drugs were considered ineffective and should not be used to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and promote economical resource use.


Subject(s)
Humans , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , COVID-19/drug therapy , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Immunization, Passive , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Lopinavir/therapeutic use , Health Planning Guidelines , Hydroxychloroquine , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
17.
Rev. Bras. Cancerol. (Online) ; 68(4)Out-Dez. 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1451521

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A identificação e a investigação de lesões suspeitas na cavidade oral são determinantes para o diagnóstico precoce do câncer de boca. A sobrevida dos casos diagnosticados e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes são diretamente afetadas pelo tratamento oncológico com pior prognóstico em tumores avançados. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da pandemia da covid-19 na realização de procedimentos diagnósticos para câncer de boca no Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal com dados do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIA/SUS). A média de procedimentos diagnósticos registrados mensal, semestral e anualmente no período pré-pandemia (2016 a 2019) foi comparada, por meio da variação percentual, com a produção registrada no período pandêmico (2020). Resultados: Observou-se diminuição dos procedimentos de diagnóstico para o câncer de lábio e cavidade oral em 2020 comparado com o período de 2016 a 2019, com exceção das Regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste. A Região Nordeste apresentou a maior variação percentual negativa (-26,2%) entre a média de procedimentos realizados de 2016 a 2019 em comparação ao ano de 2020. Rondônia e Goiás apresentaram variação positiva, 66,2% e 43,5%, respectivamente. O país registrou as maiores reduções percentuais em abril (-43,2%) e em maio (-42,3%) de 2020, retornando à variação positiva apenas em dezembro (10,6%). Com exceção da Região Norte, o segundo semestre de 2020 foi pior do que o primeiro. Conclusão: A pandemia da covid-19 impactou a realização de diagnósticos de câncer de boca. Os achados indicam necessidade de orientações para profissionais de saúde e para a população sobre o caráter de urgência do diagnóstico de câncer de boca


Introduction: The identification and investigation of suspicious lesions in the oral cavity is crucial for the early diagnosis of oral cancer. The survival of diagnosed cases and the quality of life of the patients are directly affected by cancer treatment with a worse prognosis in advanced tumors. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of diagnostic procedures for oral cancer in Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study with data from the SUS Outpatient Information System (SIA-SUS). The average of diagnostic procedures recorded monthly, half-yearly and annually in the pre-pandemic period (2016 a 2019) was compared, through the percentage variation, with the production recorded in the pandemic (2020). Results: There was a drop in diagnostic procedures for cancer of the lip and oral cavity in 2020 compared to the period 2016 to 2019, with the exception of the South and Midwest regions. The Northeast region had the highest negative percentage change (-26.2%) among the average of procedures performed between 2016 and 2019 compared to 2020. Rondônia and Goiás showed positive variations, 66.2% and 43.5%, respectively. The country recorded the biggest percentage reductions in April (-43.2%) and in May (-42.3%) 2020, returning to positive variation only in December (10.6%). And with the exception of the North region, the second half of 2020 was worse than the first. Conclusion: The pandemic had an impact on the performance of oral cancer diagnoses. The findings indicate the need for guidance to health professionals and the population on the urgency of the diagnosis of oral cancer


Introducción: La identificación y la investigación de lesiones sospechosas en la cavidad bucal son cruciales para el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer oral. La supervivencia de los casos diagnosticados y la calidad de vida de los usuarios se ven directamente afectadas por el tratamiento del cáncer con peor pronóstico en tumores avanzados. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia de covid-19 en la realización de procedimientos diagnósticos de cáncer oral en Brasil. Método: Estudio transversal con datos del Sistema de Información de Ambulatorios del Sistema Único de Salud (SIA/SUS). El promedio de procedimientos diagnósticos registrados mensual, semestral y anualmente en el período previo a la pandemia (2016 a 2019) se comparó, a través de la variación porcentual, con la producción registrada en el período pandémico (2020). Resultados: Se observó una disminución de los procedimientos de diagnóstico de cáncer de labio y cavidad oral en 2020 en comparación con el período de 2016 a 2019, con la excepción de las Regiones del Sur y del Medio Oeste. La Región Noreste presentó la mayor variación porcentual negativa (-26,2%) entre el promedio de procedimientos realizados de 2016 a 2019 en comparación con el año 2020. Rondônia y Goiás mostraron una variación positiva, 66,2% y 43,5%, respectivamente. El país registró las mayores reducciones porcentuales en abril (-43,2%) y mayo (-42,3%) de 2020, volviendo a la variación positiva sólo en diciembre (10,6%). Con la excepción de la Región Norte, el segundo semestre de 2020 fue peor que el primero. Conclusión: La pandemia de covid-19 impactó en el número de diagnósticos de cáncer oral. Los resultados indican la necesidad de orientar a los profesionales de la salud y a la población sobre el carácter urgente del diagnóstico del cáncer oral


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Oral Health , Early Detection of Cancer , COVID-19 , Epidemiology, Descriptive
18.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 31(3): e2022466, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404730

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever e reclassificar os diagnósticos de outras neoplasias de exames histopatológicos do colo do útero registrados no Sistema de Informação do Câncer (Siscan), Brasil, 2013-2020. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos diagnósticos compilados no campo "outras neoplasias malignas" do Siscan; os diagnósticos foram avaliados por patologista e reclassificados nas categorias existentes no formulário; foram calculadas frequências absolutas e relativas dos diagnósticos registrados incorretamente. Resultados: o diagnóstico "outras neoplasias malignas" representou 2,4% (n = 5.778) dos diagnósticos, dos quais 67,4% poderiam ser registrados em categorias existentes, 8,9% eram efetivamente outros tipos de neoplasias malignas, e 24,5% apresentavam resultados não compatíveis com outras neoplasias, como achados benignos ou fora do colo do útero, não disponíveis nos campos existentes. Conclusão: o campo "outras neoplasias malignas" é frequentemente utilizado de maneira inadequada, no Siscan; constata-se a necessidade de capacitar os profissionais para o adequado uso dos campos do sistema e incluir novas categorias diagnósticas no formulário.


Objetivo: describir y reclasificar los diagnósticos registrados en el campo "otras neoplasias malignas" de exámenes histopatológicos del cuello uterino en el Sistema de Información del Cáncer (Siscan), Brasil, 2013-2020. Métodos: estudio descriptivo del campo "otras neoplasias malignas" en Siscan; estudio descriptivo de las fichas diagnósticas recopiladas en el campo "otras neoplasias malignas" en Siscan entre 2013 y 2020. Resultados: los diagnósticos histopatológicos "otras neoplasias malignas" representaron el 2,4% (n = 5.778) del total, de los cuales el 67,4% se pudo registrar en las categorías existentes, el 8,9% fueron en realidad otros tipos de neoplasias malignas y el 24,5% fueron resultados no compatibles con otras neoplasias y que no estaban incluidas en las opciones existentes. Conclusión: el campo "otras neoplasias malignas" es frecuentemente utilizado de manera inadecuada, en Siscan; existe la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales para que utilicen correctamente los campos del sistema e incluyan nuevas categorías de diagnóstico en el formulario.


Objective: to describe and reclassify cervical histopathology test result diagnoses recorded as other neoplasms on the Cancer Information System (SISCAN), Brazil, 2013-2020. Methods: this was a descriptive study based on diagnoses input to the "other malign neoplasms" field on the SISCAN; a pathologist assessed the diagnoses and reclassified them based on the categories existing on the standardized record form; absolute and relative frequencies of incorrectly recorded diagnoses were calculated. Results: histopathology test results registered as "other malign neoplasms" accounted for 2.4% (n = 5,778) of all records, 67.4% of which in fact fell into categories already existing on the form, 8.9% were indeed other neoplasms and 24.5% were results not compatible with other neoplasms and were not covered by the form categories, such as benign findings or findings outside the cervix. Conclusion: the "other malignant neoplasms" field is frequently misused on the SISCAN; the analysis highlighted the need to train professionals to use the system properly, as well as the need to include new categories on the form.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms/classification , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Diagnostic Errors , Health Information Systems
19.
Rev. Bras. Cancerol. (Online) ; 68(1)jan./fev./mar. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1370962

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Ações de controle dos cânceres do colo do útero e de mama têm sido monitoradas no Brasil por meio da utilização de dados disponíveis nos sistemas de informação que registram exames de rastreamento e investigação diagnóstica desses cânceres. Objetivo: Avaliar a cobertura dos sistemas de informação para o controle dos cânceres do colo do útero e de mama do Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal utilizando dados de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero, histopatológicos do colo do útero e de mama, e mamografias, registrados no Siscolo, Sismama, Siscan e SIA/SUS, segundo Região e Unidade Federativa entre 2008-2019. Calcularam-se as proporções anuais de exames informados apenas no SIA/SUS e realizou-se uma análise descritiva entre as Regiões e ao longo dos anos. Resultados: A cobertura foi maior para exames citopatológicos (perda de 20% no período) e menor para histopatológico de mama (perda de 37,1% no período). A partir de 2015, verificou-se menor cobertura para todos os exames e, em 2019, redução nos patamares de perda. Conclusão: A cobertura dos sistemas variou no período, sendo maior para citopatológicos do colo do útero, o que indica que o tempo é um importante fator na consolidação dos sistemas


Introduction: Cervical and breast cancer control have been monitored in Brazil through the use of data available in the information systems recording screening and diagnostic investigation tests results. Objective: To evaluate the coverage of cervical and breast cancer control information systems in Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study using data from cytopathological cervical exams, cervix and breast histopathology exams and mammograms recorded at Siscolo, Sismama, Siscan and SIA/SUS according to region and federative unit between 2008-2019. Annual proportions of exams informed only at SIA/SUS were calculated and descriptive analysis was performed among regions and over the years. Results: The coverage was higher for cytopathological cervical exams (loss of 20% in the period) and lower for histopathological breast exams (loss of 37.1% in the period). As of 2015, there was less coverage for all exams and in 2019 there were reduction of loss levels. Conclusion: The coverage of the systems varied over the period, being higher for cytopathologic cervical exams indicating that timing is an important factor of consolidation of the systems


Introducción: Las acciones de control de los cánceres de cuello uterino y de mama han sido monitoreadas en Brasil mediante el uso de datos disponibles en los sistemas de información que registran los exámenes para detectar estos cánceres. Objetivo: Evaluar la cobertura de los sistemas de información para control del cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama en Brasil. Método: Estudio transversal que utiliza datos citopatológicos cervicales, histopatológicos cervicales y de mama y mamografías registradas en Siscolo, Sismama, Siscan y SIA/SUS según la región y Unidad Federativa entre 2008-2019. Se calcularon las proporciones anuales de los exámenes informados en el SIA/SUS y realizo análisis descriptivo entre regiones y lo largo de años. Resultados: La cobertura fue mayor para los exámenes citopatológicos (-20% en el período) y menor para histopatología mamaria (-37,1% en el período). Después de 2015, hubo menos cobertura para todos los exámenes y, en 2019, una reducción en los niveles de pérdida. Conclusión: La cobertura de los sistemas varió durante el período, siendo mayor para la citopatología cervical, lo que indica que el tiempo es un factor importante en la consolidación de los sistemas


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Unified Health System , Mass Screening , Evaluation Study , Indicators (Statistics) , Health Information Systems
20.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 26(2): 102347, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384118

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background Several therapies have been used or proposed for the treatment of COVID-19, although their effectiveness and safety have not been properly evaluated. The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations to support decisions about the drug treatment of outpatients with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods A panel consisting of experts from different clinical fields, representatives of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and methodologists (37 members in total) was responsible for preparing these guidelines. A rapid guideline development method was used, based on the adoption and/or adaptation of recommendations from existing international guidelines combined with additional structured searches for primary studies and new recommendations whenever necessary (GRADE-ADOLOPMENT). The rating of quality of evidence and the drafting of recommendations followed the GRADE method. Results Ten technologies were evaluated, and 10 recommendations were prepared. Recommendations were made against the use of anticoagulants, azithromycin, budesonide, colchicine, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine alone or combined with azithromycin, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, and convalescent plasma. It was not possible to make a recommendation regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies in outpatients, as their benefit is uncertain and their cost is high, with limitations of availability and implementation. Conclusion To date, few therapies have demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19. Recommendations are restricted to what should not be used, in order to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and to promote resource savings by aboiding ineffective treatments.

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