The effect of active and passive smoking during pregnancy on birth outcomes: A cohort study in Shanghai.

INTRODUCTION: China is the largest tobacco consumer in the world, and tobacco poses a serious threat to the health of pregnant women. However, there are relatively few domestic studies on smoking during pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of active and passive smoking on pregnant women and their pregnancy outcomes, providing evidence and recommendations for intervention measures. METHODS: This was a cohort study in Shanghai from April 2021 to September 2023. According to the smoking status of pregnant women, they were divided into three groups: active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers. A self-designed questionnaire was utilized to conduct the survey, and their pregnancy outcomes were tracked and followed up. RESULTS: A total of 3446 pregnant women were included in this study, among which 2.1% were active smokers, 43.5% were passive smokers, and 54.4% were non-smokers. The average age of the pregnant women was 29.9 years, and 41.2% had a university degree or higher. The education level of active smokers and passive smokers was significantly lower than that of non-smokers (p<0.05).The average gestational age of non-smokers was 38.6 weeks, and the birth weight was 3283.2 g, which was higher than those of active smokers and passive smokers (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that passive smoking increased the likelihood of preterm birth (AOR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.05-1.81), low birth weight (AOR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.10-2.12), and intrauterine growth restriction (AOR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.02-1.79), while active smoking increased the likelihood of preterm birth (AOR=2.98; 95% CI: 1.50-5.90), low birth weight (AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 2.07-8.88), intrauterine growth restriction (AOR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.37-5.33) , and birth defects (AOR=2.66; 95% CI: 1.00-6.97). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings illustrate that active and passive smoking can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study provides data on the relationship between smoking during pregnancy and delivery outcomes among pregnant women. In the future, we need more effective strategies to protect pregnant women from the harm of tobacco.

Intelligent Cell Profiling and Precision Release: Multimolecular Marker-Activated Transmembrane DNA Computing Nanosystem.

Accurate classification of tumor cells is of importance for cancer diagnosis and further therapy. In this study, we develop multimolecular marker-activated transmembrane DNA computing systems (MTD). Employing the cell membrane as a native gate, the MTD system enables direct signal output following simple spatial events of "transmembrane" and "in-cell target encounter", bypassing the need of multistep signal conversion. The MTD system comprises two intelligent nanorobots capable of independently sensing three molecular markers (MUC1, EpCAM, and miR-21), resulting in comprehensive analysis. Our AND-AND logic-gated system (MTDAND-AND) demonstrates exceptional specificity, allowing targeted release of drug-DNA specifically in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the transformed OR-AND logic-gated system (MTDOR-AND) exhibits broader adaptability, facilitating the release of drug-DNA in three positive cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa, and HepG2). Importantly, MTDAND-AND and MTDOR-AND, while possessing distinct personalized therapeutic potential, share the ability of outputting three imaging signals without any intermediate conversion steps. This feature ensures precise classification cross diverse cells (MCF-7, HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-10A), even in mixed populations. This study provides a straightforward yet effective solution to augment the versatility and precision of DNA computing systems, advancing their potential applications in biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic research.

Passive smoking among pregnant women in Jinshan District / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the status of passive smoking among pregnant women in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide insights into developing targeted smoking control measures and promoting maternal and infant health.@*Methods@#Pregnant women who had early pregnancy registration at Jinshan District Community Health Service Center from April 2021 to December 2023 were selected as subjects. The basic information, passive smoking and awareness of passive smoking hazards among pregnant women were collected through questionnaire surveys, and passive smoking rate and awareness rate of passive smoking hazards were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 8 273 questionnaires were allocated, and 8 216 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 99.31%. The mean age of participants was (29.52±4.60) years. There were 4 991 participants with an education of college degree or above, accounting for 60.75%; 3 565 participants with the first pregnancy, accounting for 43.39%; 3 990 primiparas, accounting for 48.56%; 3 193 participants living with smokers, accounting for 38.86%. A total of 3 710 participants passively smoked, with a passive smoking rate of 45.16%. There were 2 817 participants passively smoked in public places, accounting for 75.93%; 2 253 participants passively smoked in workplaces, accounting for 60.73%; 1 563 participants that passively smoked at home, accounting for 42.13%. The awareness rates regarding the hazards of passive smoking to health, causing lung cancer in adults, causing lung diseases in children, causing preterm birth and low birth weight infants, and causing heart diseases in adults were 92.13%, 88.85%, 87.99%, 82.05% and 62.56%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The rate of passive smoking among pregnant women in Jinshan District is comparatively high, while their awareness regarding non-respiratory diseases emanating from passive smoking is comparatively low.

Design of Uniform Hollow Carbon Nanoarchitectures: Different Capacitive Deionization between the Hollow Shell Thickness and Cavity Size.

Carbon-based materials with high capacitance ability and fast electrosorption rate are ideal electrode materials in capacitive deionization (CDI). However, traditional carbon materials have structural limitations in electrochemical and desalination performance due to the low capacitance and poor transmission channel of the prepared electrodes. Therefore, reasonable design of electrode material structure is of great importance for achieving excellent CDI properties. Here, uniform hollow carbon materials with different morphologies (hollow carbon nanospheres, hollow carbon nanorods, hollow carbon nano-pseudoboxes, hollow carbon nano-ellipsoids, hollow carbon nano-capsules, and hollow carbon nano-peanuts) are reasonably designed through multi-step template method and calcination of polymer precursors. Hollow carbon nanospheres and hollow carbon nano-pseudoboxes exhibit better capacitance and higher salt adsorption capacity (SAC) due to their stable carbonaceous structure during calcination. Moreover, the effects of the thickness of the shell and the size of the cavity on the CDI performance are also studied. HCNSs-0.8 with thicker shell (≈20 nm) and larger cavity (≈320 nm) shows the best SAC value of 23.01 mg g-1 due to its large specific surface area (1083.20 m2  g-1 ) and rich pore size distribution. These uniform hollow carbon nanoarchitectures with functional properties have potential applications in electrochemistry related fields.

Influence of Green Finance on Ecological Environment Quality in Yangtze River Delta.

Along with the development of society and the deepening contradiction between economic growth and natural resources, green finance has attracted more and more attention. As an area of great strategic significance in China's modernization, the development of green finance can improve the quality of its ecological environment and find new economic growth points for it. Based on the index system of pressure state response and while considering the scientific nature and desirability of the indicators, this paper selects 12 indicators to construct an index system of eco-environmental quality. It uses the entropy method to calculate the level of eco-environmental quality. Then, three control variables are selected, and the difference-in-difference model is used for empirical analysis. It is found that green finance positively affects the ecological environment quality of the Yangtze River Delta. In addition, the level of opening to the outside world and the level of economic development also have a positive effect on the quality of the ecological environment to a certain extent. Still, the impact of industrial structure on it is negative. Therefore, this paper puts forward some suggestions for strengthening the disclosure of green financial information, paying attention to the concept of green development and strengthening regional cooperation and exchange to promote the development of green finance further and promote the coordination of economic development and ecological protection in the Yangtze River Delta.

Study on the Relationship between Different Body Mass Indexes and Puncture Pain and Image Quality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography with Intravenous Indwelling Needle.

Objective: To investigate the effect of different body mass indexes (BMIs) on patients' puncture pain, puncture success rate, and image quality in coronary angiography (CAG) performed with an intravenous indwelling needle, and to provide a basis for selecting the appropriate intravenous indwelling needle for CAG in patients with different BMIs in an outpatient clinic. Method: In this study, 300 patients undergoing CTA at the department of radiology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January to May 2021 were divided into group 1 (BMI 1 ≤ 18.5), group 2 (18.5 < BMI ≤ 24), and group 3 (BMI > 24) according to their BMI, with 100 cases in each group, and a 20 G intravenous indwelling needle was used in each group. The age, sex, height, and weight of each patient were recorded, and the primary puncture success rate, contrast leakage rate, injection success rate, pain perception, and subjective ratings of image quality and objective indicators were compared in patients with different BMI values. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the age, gender, and heart rate of the patients in the three groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the primary puncture success rate, injection success rate, and contrast leakage rate of the three groups of patients (P > 0.05). The pain scores of group 3 during contrast injection were significantly higher than those of the remaining two groups (P < 0.05), while the differences between the pain scores of group 2 and group 1 during contrast injection were not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the comparison of the pain scores of the three groups during puncture and during retention was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The differences between the subjective ratings of image quality and the objective indicators of the three groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The 20 G indwelling needle can basically meet the coronary angiography examination of patients with different body mass indexes, but patients with a BMI greater than 24 are recommended to use a larger diameter indwelling needle to reduce contrast leakage as well as to reduce patient pain and improve patient comfort.