Research progress regarding CYP3A gene family in gastric cancer. / CYP3AåŸºå› å®¶æ—åœ¨èƒƒç™Œä¸­çš„ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A (CYP3A), a major member of cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, is one of the most important drug metabolizing enzymes in human. CYP3A includes 4 gene subtypes (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43), which is involved in 60% of drug metabolism in the human. It is not only widely distributed in normal tissues, but also significantly overexpressed in various tumor tissues. Recently, CYP3A has attracted great attention due to its involvement in the progression from chronic atrophic gastritis to gastric cancer, as well as the differential metabolism and resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs. Targeting CYP3A gene mediated-prodrug provides new ideas for the treatment of gastric cancer and is expected to become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Impedance Iterative Learning Backstepping Control for Output-Constrained Multisection Continuum Arms Based on PMA.

BACKGROUND: Pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) actuated multisection continuum arms are widely applied in various fields with high flexibility and bionic properties. Nonetheless, their kinematic modeling and control strategy proves to be extremely challenging tasks. METHODS: The relationship expression between the deformation parameters and the length of PMA with the geometric method is obtained under the assumption of piecewise constant curvature. Then, the kinematic model is established based on the improved D-H method. Considering the limitation of PMA telescopic length, an impedance iterative learning backstepping control strategy is investigated. For one thing, the impedance control is utilized to ensure that the ideal static balance force is maintained constant in the Cartesian space. For another, the iterative learning backstepping control is applied to guarantee that the desired trajectory of each PMA can be accurately tracked with the output-constrained requirement. Moreover, iterative learning control (ILC) is implemented to dynamically estimate the unknown model parameters and the precondition of zero initial error in ILC is released by the trajectory reconstruction. To further ensure the constraint requirement of the PMA tracking error, a log-type barrier Lyapunov function is employed in the backstepping control, whose convergence is demonstrated by the composite energy function. RESULTS: The tracking error of PMA converges to 0.004 m and does not exceed the time-varying constraint function through cosimulation. CONCLUSION: From the cosimulation results, the superiority and validity of the proposed theory are verified.

Study on the Modeling and Compensation Method of Pose Error Analysis for the Fracture Reduction Robot.

BACKGROUND: In the process of fracture reduction, there are some errors between the actual trajectory and the ideal trajectory due to mechanism errors, which would affect the smooth operation of fracture reduction. To this end, based on self-developed parallel mechanism fracture reduction robot (FRR), a novel method to reduce the pose errors of FRR is proposed. METHODS: Firstly, this paper analyzed the pose errors, and built the model of the robot pose errors. Secondly, mechanism errors of FRR were converted into drive bar parameter's errors, and the influence of each drive bar parameter on the robot pose error were analyzed. Thirdly, combining with Cauchy opposition-based learning and differential evolution algorithm (DE), an improved whale optimization algorithm (CRLWOA-DE) is proposed to compensate the end-effector's pose errors, which could improve the speed and accuracy of fracture reduction, respectively. RESULTS: The iterative accuracy of CRLWOA-DE is improved by 50.74%, and the optimization speed is improved by 22.62% compared with the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). Meanwhile, compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO), CRLWOA-DE is proved to be more accurate. Furthermore, SimMechanics in the software of MATLAB was used to reconstruct the fracture reduction robot, and it was verified that the actual motion trajectory of the CRLWOA-DE optimized kinematic stage showed a significant reduction in error in both the x-axis and z-axis directions compared to the desired motion trajectory. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the error compensation in FRR reset process had been realized, and the CRLWOA-DE method could be used for reducing the pose error of the fracture reduction robot, which has some significance for the bone fracture and deformity correction.

FKBP4 Accelerates Malignant Progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Activating the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression, biological function, and mechanism of FKBP4 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: First of all, the expression of FKBP4 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR; then, the effects of FKBP4 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of NSCLC were studied by CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry assays, wound-healing assays, and Transwell assays. After that, tumor xenografts were used to explore the effect of FKBP4 on NSCLC tumor growth in vivo, and the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was measured by western blot. RESULTS: FKBP4 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cells, and its expression was closely related to NSCLC tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and patient prognosis. In vitro, FKBP4 can promote NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibit NSCLC cell apoptosis. In vivo, FKBP4 can promote NSCLC tumor growth. Furthermore, FKBP4 can promote Akt and mTOR phosphorylation and activate the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and an mTOR inhibitor can neutralize the functions of FKBP4 in NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION: FKBP4 serves as an oncogene to promote malignant processes in NSCLC, and it has the potential to be used as a biological marker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung neoplasms with tracheal bronchus: a case report.

A 63-year-old woman came to our department complaint that an abnormal shadow was identified by chest computed tomography (CT). CT revealed a 21 mm × 18 mm solid nodule in the right upper lobe of lung, which was suspected to be lung cancer. We also found a bronchus directly arising from the trachea and running into the right upper lobe, which appeared to be tracheal bronchus (TB). Then she underwent the right upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection using uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery. During the surgery we found two bronchi which were posterior to the pulmonary hilum running into the right upper lobe. And one of them directly branched from the trachea and was thus confirmed to be TB. TB, which may be related to repeated lung infections, is a rare anomaly. The patient underwent surgery and the pathological diagnosis was lung invasive adenocarcinoma, pT1cN0M0 (stage IA3). Then the patient is being followed up outpatient. By doing chest CT before surgery, uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is safe for lung neoplasms with TB. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of uniportal VATS right upper lobectomy for lung neoplasms with TB.

A comparative study of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for the treatment of hand sweating.

BACKGROUND: To compare postoperative satisfaction, compensatory hyperhidrosis, and the quality of life between thoracoscopic T3 and T4 sympathectomy for the treatment of hand sweating. METHODS: From December 2010 to October 2014, 192 consecutive patients with hand sweating underwent a thoracoscopic bilateral sympathectomy with different planes (T3/T4). The patients were randomly divided into two groups, the T3 and the T4 groups, for those who underwent thoracoscopic T3 and T4 sympathectomy, respectively. All patients underwent double-lumen intubation during the thoracoscopic bilateral sympathectomy. The patients were followed up with by telephone for postoperative evaluation on the safety and effectiveness of the procedure, and the two groups (T3 versus T4) were compared to each other for any potential differences. RESULTS: All of the patients' sweating symptoms improved after the procedure. The incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis and palm dryness in the T4 group was lower than that in the T3 group (P<0.05). The satisfaction rate and the rate of improvement in sweating and the incidence of palm moisture in the T4 group were higher than those in the T3 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic T3 and T4 sympathectomy are safe and effective methods for the treatment of hand sweating. Lowering the sympathetic chain resection plane can increase patients' satisfaction and enhance improvements in sweating. It can also reduce the incidence of long-term compensatory hyperhidrosis and palm dryness, but it also increases the incidence of palm moisture.