Retrograde peri-implantitis: incidence and possible co-existing factors: a retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI) generally and the incidence of RPI with an endodontic-treated adjacent tooth and/or a periapical radiolucency. METHOD: The retrospective case-control study included the follow-up periapical images of single dental implants. Two calibrated graduate endodontic residents evaluated simultaneously the presence of RPI and the adjacent teeth status (a previous root canal treatment (RCT) and the periapical status). RESULTS: Six hundred and eleven dental implants were included in this study. Twenty-three implants with RPI were detected (the incidence of RPI was 3.7%). Thirty-one adjacent teeth to the implants with RPI were recognized. Out of them, seven teeth had a previous RCT and periapical radiolucency or no RCT and periapical radiolucency. The odds ratios for RPI in an implant with periapical radiolucency or with RCT at the adjacent tooth are 6.67 (95% CI 2.7-16.5), P < 0.05; and 0.11 (95% CI 0.007-1.9), P > 0.05 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on periapical radiographs, the RPI incidence was 3.7% in the present study. The incidence of RPI increased in cases with adjacent teeth that had periapical radiolucency. Previous RCT in teeth adjacent to implants without apical radiolucency is not correlated with RPI.

Long-term dental implications of infant oral mutilation: a case series.

Infant oral mutilation (IOM) is a ritual ceremony practised mostly in African cultures, in which the primary tooth bud of the deciduous canine is extracted. Complications and risks of IOM include pain, heavy bleeding and infection that may deteriorate to life-threating conditions. The main long-term consequence of IOM is future dental abnormalities. The scientific literature lacks in-depth analyses of the dental sequelae of this practice among adults who underwent it, and particularly of the aspect of dental treatment. Eight new cases of IOM are presented in this case series, with emphasis on dental diagnosis and treatment modalities. We describe different outcomes of this practice, such as enamel hypoplasia and crown deformations with later necrosis and infection of the root canal system, severe discolouration, immature root apex, impaction of a canine, failure of development and missing lower permanent incisors and canines, an odontoma-like structure, severe periodontal defect and root dilaceration. Familiarity with the practice of IOM is vital in order to identify its manifestations and arrive at the correct diagnosis and optimal course of treatment.

Use of Cone-beam Computed Tomography as a Critical Component in the Diagnosis of an Infected Nasopalatine Duct Cyst Mimicking Chronic Apical Abscess: A Case Report.

Nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs) and other nonodontogenic lesions of the oral cavity may mimic odontogenic pathoses. We present a case of a 22-year-old man with a history of dental trauma and a lesion displaying the typical clinical and radiographic signs of a chronic apical abscess- a buccal sinus tract that was traced to a radiolucent area in the periapex of a maxillary central incisor. A comprehensive diagnostic process that included a cone-beam computed tomographic scan and a histopathologic examination of the lesion after complete enucleation led to the final diagnosis of an infected NPDC. The adjacent tooth was vital at the 1-year posttreatment follow-up, and a radiograph demonstrated complete healing of the periradicular structures. This case demonstrates the ability of NPDCs to present clinical and radiographic signs similar to apical inflammatory lesions and the need for a meticulous diagnostic process in order to avoid unnecessary endodontic intervention. The article also discusses the differential diagnoses of nonodontogenic lesions in the premaxillary area.