Determination of Incidence and Risk Factors of Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury in the ICU: A Descriptive Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) in the ICU. METHODS: In this descriptive study, the researchers collected data through systematic observation of patients (n = 58) in the ICU. The patients were evaluated within 24 hours of ICU admission and then followed up until they were discharged. A total of 482 patient-days were followed. The researchers used the MDRPI follow-up form, the patient descriptive form, the MDRPI follow-up form, and the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk for data collection. RESULTS: Overall, 39.7% of the 58 patients hospitalized in the ICU developed an MDRPI, and 5.2% of the MDRPIs were evaluated as stage 2. These injuries occurred in an average of 5 days after the patient was admitted to the ICU. Among the MDRPIs that developed, 31.9% were located in the nose, 21.3% in the mouth, and 14.9% on the cheeks. Intubation tubes were used in 7.3% of the patients, nasogastric tubes in 22.4% of the patients, and radial artery catheters in 10.5% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The development of MDRPI is correlated with the type of medical device used. Providers should establish a planned care protocol based on the anatomic placement of the medical device and take necessary precautions to prevent MDRPI.

The Role and Potential Contributions of the Artificial Intelligence Language Model ChatGPT.

This discussion paper aims to examine the potential benefits and limitations of using artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in nursing practice, with a particular focus on the ChatGPT example. The study discusses how chatbots can serve as a valuable tool for nurses' continuing education, consultation, and information access. It is suggested that ChatGPT can contribute to enhancing nurses' knowledge and skill levels, providing rapid and accurate information, and improving time management. However, the potential risks and limitations of using AI chatbots have also been evaluated. The study highlights the possibility of negative impacts on the nurse-patient relationship due to chatbots' inadequacy in emotional and empathetic communication. Additionally, concerns about chatbots providing inaccurate or biased information and issues regarding data privacy are addressed. The review draws attention to the limited existing literature on the use of AI chatbots in nursing and emphasizes the need for expanding research in this area. Future studies are suggested to focus on identifying the necessary training and support resources for nurses to effectively utilize this technology. This study underscores an important ethical and professional point for nurses, reminding them not to overlook the significance of human touch and emotional connection while evaluating the advantages offered by technology.

From a learning opportunity to a conscious multidimensional change: a metasynthesis of transcultural learning experiences among nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Several educational activities in nursing schools worldwide have been implemented to promote transcultural nursing and cultural competence. Despite the diversity of their experiences and outcomes, the available evidence has not been systematically reviewed and reinterpreted. This study aimed to review and reinterpret all rigorous qualitative evidence available, providing an opportunity to understand how students learn transcultural nursing and assisting faculties, researchers, managers, and practitioners in designing new interventions to improve transcultural training. METHODS: A meta-synthesis was conducted to review and integrate qualitative studies of these phenomena. English, Spanish and Portuguese articles were searched in Pubmed and Scopus databases. Only peer-reviewed journals in which qualitative approaches were used were included. Quality was assessed using the CASP qualitative version checklist. The metasynthesis technique proposed by Noblit and Hare was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were included in the analysis. Most studies used phenomenological approaches that were conducted in Australia and the United States of America, with international internships being the most popular learning method. The data revealed one central theme, "From learning opportunity to conscious multidimensional change," and six subthemes. The transcultural nursing learning experience is not a simple or linear process. Instead, it appears to be a complex process formed by the interaction between a) self-awareness, b) reflective thinking, c) Cultural Encounters, d) cultural skills, e) Cultural Desire, and f) Cultural Knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Transcultural nursing learning is a multifaceted process that arises from specific learning opportunities. This process is still to evolving. Therefore, specific educational strategies should be implemented to encourage attitudinal change and promote reflective thinking.

Developing the better and effective nursing education for improving transcultural nursing skills cultural competence and cultural sensitivity assessment tool (BENEFITS-CCCSAT).

BACKGROUND: A clear need for the development of new comprehensive, reliable, sensitive and valid measurement tools to adequately asses the cultural competence and cultural sensitivity of nursing students exists. This study aimed to develop a new measurement tool to assess the nursing students' cultural competence and sensitivity. METHODS: This cross-sectional, instrument development study's first phase included postgraduate nursing students (n = 60) for the piloting study, and the second one included undergraduate nursing students (n = 459) for the main survey. This study used two data collection forms: The Student Descriptive Information Form and the Better and Effective Nursing Education for Improving Transcultural Nursing Skills Cultural Competence and Cultural Sensitivity Assessment Tool (BENEFITS-CCCSAT) draft. The content validity index was calculated using the Davis method. Cronbach's α coefficient and the item total correlation were calculated during the reliability analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient test, Bartlett significance test, and explanatory factor analysis (EFA) were used to evaluate the validity of the assessment tool. RESULTS: Scale validity and reliability analyses showed that the BENEFITS-CCCSAT included 26 items and five sub-dimensions: respect for cultural diversity; culturally sensitive communication; achieving cultural competence; challenges and barriers in providing culturally competent care; and perceived meaning of cultural care. CONCLUSION: The BENEFITS-CCCSAT appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the cultural sensitivity and cultural competence of nursing students. This can be of great use, especially before attending clinical areas, and can offer both students and faculty reliable information to promote reflective and critical thinking, especially in areas where improvement is needed.

Examination of individualised care behaviours and ethnocentrism of nurses caring for refugees: A descriptive and exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Qualified individualised nursing care should be provided to all communities and ethnic groups with free of ethnocentrism. AIMS: To evaluate nurses' individualised care behaviours and ethnocentric attitudes and predict the relationship between their individualised care behaviours and ethnocentric attitudes. DESIGN: A descriptive and exploratory study. METHODS: This study was conducted with 250 nurses working in a public and two private hospitals in a city, an area with many refugees. Data were collected using the Ethnocentrism Scale and Individualised Care Behaviours Scale. Structural equation model analysis to test hypothetical model and descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: Nurses working in the private hospitals had a higher individualised care decision control mean score. Those nurses who enjoyed spending time with people from different cultures had lower mean ethnocentrism scale scores, higher individualised care clinical status, personal life and decision control status subscales mean scores compared to other nurses. Mean scores of the individualised care personal life and decision control status subscales of the nurses who followed the literature on transcultural nursing was higher. A significant relationship between the ethnocentrism levels and individualised care behaviours was identified. Accordingly, the ethnocentric attitudes of the nurses negatively affected their individualised care behaviours, and the model established between the two concepts is statistically appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses who work in private hospitals, receive intercultural nursing education and enjoy spending time with different cultures have higher individualised care behaviours and lower ethnocentrism levels. Ethnocentric attitudes of the nurses negatively affected their individualised care behaviours. Care strategies should be developed that consider the factors that will maximize individualised care practices that minimize ethnocentric behaviours among nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: Increasing awareness on individualised care behaviours, ethnocentric attitudes and effected factors will contribute to improve of nursing care quality of nurses while giving care to individuals from different cultures.

Evaluating Nurses' Knowledge of Pressure Injury Prevention: A Descriptive Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nurses' knowledge on pressure injury (PI) prevention. METHODS: Four hundred six nurses in Turkey participated in this descriptive study between January and February 2020. Participants completed an information form and the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge Assessment Instrument (PUPKAI). The PUPKAI contains 26 items across six themes: (1) development, (2) classification and observation, (3) risk assessment, (4) nutrition, (5) interventions to reduce the amount of pressure/rupture, and (6) interventions to reduce the duration of pressure/rupture. RESULTS: The mean age of the nurses was 26.93 ± 6.72 years. The mean total PUPKAI score was 11.80 ± 3.28. Almost all participants (91.6%) had insufficient knowledge on PI prevention. Male nurses scored higher on themes 1 and 2 than female nurses (P = .046, P = .029, respectively). Nurses with a postgraduate degree scored higher in total and on themes 2, 3, 5, and 6 (P = .001, P = .006, P = .011, P = .044, P = .029, respectively), and nurses with more than 10 years of service scored higher in total and on themes 4, 5, and 6 (P = .001, P = .002, P = .001, P = .026, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The nurses who participated in this study do not have enough knowledge on PI prevention.

Evaluating the Novel Coronavirus infection outbreak surveillance results in a state hospital: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has raised the global public health concern and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to examine the clinical course and outcomes of the patients with COVID-19 in the southeastern part of Turkey. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on the files of 173 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19. The "COVID-19 Case Information Form" in the patients' medical records was used. RESULTS: Of the patients with COVID-19, 64.2% were male and 16.2% had a chronic disease. Their mean age was 34.76±25.75 years. Cough and fatigue were the most common clinical symptoms at admission with 38.7%. The patients at the age of 65 and over were treated mostly in the intensive care unit, and the symptoms associated with the cardiovascular and nausea and vomiting were observed more often (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the majority of the patients were male and there were differences between the age groups in terms of transmission route, the clinic where they were being followed-up, some symptoms, and clinical status outcome. It is recommended that multi-center, prospective, experimental, or observational studies with larger samples should be and the patients should be followed-up for longer periods.