Russian Science and Technology: Rise or Progressive Lag (Part I).

The article proposes an approach to a comprehensive assessment of the level of scientific and technological activity in Russia in comparison with leading foreign countries. An analysis has been made of the current imbalances in the development of the scientific and technological sphere in Russia and the reasons for the failure to fulfill many strategic goals. A forecast of scientific and technological development in the context of the existing management system has been made and an assessment has been taken of the potential effect and cost of measures aimed at increasing the technological sovereignty of Russia and the formation of an advanced knowledge economy.

Specific features of T- and NK-cellular immunity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Profound immunological dysfunction is the key factor determining the development of infectious complications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The aim of this work is to assess the features of the subpopulation composition of T-lymphocytes (T-helpers (Th), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Tcyt), T regulatory cells (Treg), T-NK cells, naive Th, Th-memory, activated T-lymphocytes, TCRγδ cells) and NK cells in peripheral blood of patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and receiving ibrutinib therapy. Hematological and immunophenotypic studies have been performed in 30 patients with previously untreated CLL, 122 patients on ibrutinib therapy and 20 healthy donors. The subpopulation composition of T-lymphocytes (Th, Tcyt, Treg, T-NK, naive T-helpers, memory T-helpers, TCRγδ cells, activated T-lymphocytes) and NK cells has been assessed on flow cytometer (FACSCanto II (BD)) using the following panel of monoclonal antibodies: CD45, CD19, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, TCRγδ, CD127, CD16, CD56, CD57 CD45RA, CD45R0, HLA-DR, CD25. Compared to controls all CLL samples were found to have higher the absolute number of T-lymphocytes, NK cells and their subpopulations, T-helpers (especially of memory T-cells), cytotoxic T-cells, regulatory T-cells, TCRγδ T-cells, activated T-lymphocytes, increased cytotoxic potential of NK cells in previously untreated CLL patients. Patients who received ibrutinib therapy have registered a positive trend towards recovery of the subpopulation composition of T-lymphocytes and NK-cells. CLL patients have been found to have quantitative and functional changes in the subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and NK cells, indicating dysregulation of the immune response, and a high risk of developing infections. Monitoring of immunological parameters for ibrutinib therapy make possible to estimate impact of ibrutinib on the adaptive anti-CLL immune response.

[Significance of comorbidity for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia].

BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an uncurable disease, in which the age, number and severity of comorbidities primarily determine the choice of therapeutic tactics and objectives. AIM: To evaluate actual comorbidity and polymorbidity in patients with CLL and a possible relationship between the diseases and comorbidities that are considered concurrent and side effects of the administered treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of two parts. In a retrospective study, we analyzed records of patients with CLL from the Registry for Diagnostics and Treatment of Lymphoproliferative Diseases. In addition, we thoroughly evaluated and prospectively followed up 124 patients in the course of their preparation to a new stage of CLL tratement. RESULTS: Examining data from the Russian Registry for Diagnostics and Treatment of Lymphoproliferative Diseases (n=1361) showed that in Russia, the age of patients with newly diagnosed CLL has increased in the recent decade with the increase in life span, which might change the comorbidity structure. Comparing retrospective and our own data (n=124) showed that diagnoses of concurrent diseases are often recorded formally (p3 suggested a poor prognosis for patients with CLL. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities in patients with CLL require participation of different medical specialists working in a close contact with oncohematologists.

[Diagnosis of hemostasis disorders in young children using turbidimetry]. / Diagnostika narushenii gemostaza u detei rannego vozrasta s pomoshch'iu turbidimetrii.

Practical application of turbidimetrical method for the diagnosis of haemostasis disorders in babies with acute intestinal infections (AII) is described. The results of plasma biochemical analysis show that disturbances in balance between coagulation and fibrinolytic systems takes place in patients with this pathology. The correlation between biochemical parameters and clinical characteristics is observed. As follows from our data, the phase of the haemostasis disorders in babies with AII does not depend on etiology of the disease, but indicates its severity.