Myofascial release strategies and technique recommendations for athletic performance: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and foam roller self-myofascial release (FRSMR) strategies and verify their results in athletic performance. METHOD: Systematic review conducted in four databases from 2017. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of two forms of soft tissue mobilization on athletes' performance. The risk of bias was analyzed using the Cochrane Handbook scale. RESULTS: Ten studies were included for qualitative analysis. IASTM increased range of motion, knee joint kinetic force, peak torque, and angular velocity in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. The technique increases isometric strength and isokinetic power in vertical jumping. FRSMR was relevant in counter movement jumping between the pre- and post-intervention conditions, mainly by increasing strength in the initial jumping phase. CONCLUSIONS: IASTM should be used in sports preparation to improve muscle response and explosive force production. FRSMR increases flexibility as it tends to restore tissue elasticity, but it does not improve aerobic activity. The suggested time for strategy intervention is at least 90 s per muscle group.

Mobility impact and methods of diaphragm monitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review.

The objectives of the study were to identify the factors that limit diaphragmatic mobility and evaluate the therapeutic results of the monitoring methods previously used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases were used. A gray literature search was conducted with Google scholar. PRISMA was used, and the bias risk analysis adapted from the Cochrane Handbook for clinical trials and, for other studies, the Downs and Black checklist were used. Twenty-five articles were included in the qualitative synthesis analysis on physiotherapeutic techniques and diaphragmatic mobility. Eight clinical trials indicated satisfactory domains, and on the Downs and Black scale, 17 cohort studies were evaluated to have an acceptable score. Different conditions must be observed; for example, for postoperative assessments the supine position is suggested to be the most appropriate position to verify diaphragm excursion, although it has been shown to be associated with difficulty of restriction and matching in samples. Therefore, we identified the need for contemporary adjustments and strategies that used imaging instruments, preferably in the dorsal position. Therapeutic evidence on the association between the instrumental method and diaphragmatic mobility can be controversial. The ultrasound measurements indicated some relevance for different analyses, for pulmonary hyperinflation as well as diaphragm thickness and mobilization, in COPD patients. In particular, the study suggests that the ultrasound technique with B-mode for analysis and M-mode for diaphragmatic excursion be used with a 2 - 5 MHz with the patient in the supine position. However, the methods used to monitor diaphragm excursion should be adapted to the conditions of the patients, and additional investigations of their characteristics should be performed. More selective inclusion criteria and better matching in the samples are very important. In addition, more narrow age, sex and weight categories are important, especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Perinatal mortality: epidemiological profile, causes and avoidable factors at a reference public maternity hospital in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2011-2015.

Background This study aimed to identify the perinatal mortality coefficient, the epidemiological profile, causes and avoidable factors at a reference public maternity hospital in southern Brazil. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 334 medical records of postpartum women and newborns were evaluated between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2015. The Expanded Wigglesworth Classification was used to assess the causes of perinatal mortality and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10/SEADE Foundation) was used for the preventable perinatal mortality analysis. Absolute numbers and percentages were used for data analysis. The perinatal mortality formula was used to calculate the perinatal mortality rate. Results The perinatal mortality rate was 13.2/1000 total births, with a predominance of white race/color; mothers were 21-30 years of age, had experienced their first pregnancy and had completed their high school education. Conclusion The main factors associated with perinatal death were antepartum fetal death in 182 (54.49%) cases, and avoidable death through appropriate prenatal care in 234 (70.05%) cases.

Mobility impact and methods of diaphragm monitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review

The objectives of the study were to identify the factors that limit diaphragmatic mobility and evaluate the therapeutic results of the monitoring methods previously used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases were used. A gray literature search was conducted with Google scholar. PRISMA was used, and the bias risk analysis adapted from the Cochrane Handbook for clinical trials and, for other studies, the Downs and Black checklist were used. Twenty-five articles were included in the qualitative synthesis analysis on physiotherapeutic techniques and diaphragmatic mobility. Eight clinical trials indicated satisfactory domains, and on the Downs and Black scale, 17 cohort studies were evaluated to have an acceptable score. Different conditions must be observed; for example, for postoperative assessments the supine position is suggested to be the most appropriate position to verify diaphragm excursion, although it has been shown to be associated with difficulty of restriction and matching in samples. Therefore, we identified the need for contemporary adjustments and strategies that used imaging instruments, preferably in the dorsal position. Therapeutic evidence on the association between the instrumental method and diaphragmatic mobility can be controversial. The ultrasound measurements indicated some relevance for different analyses, for pulmonary hyperinflation as well as diaphragm thickness and mobilization, in COPD patients. In particular, the study suggests that the ultrasound technique with B-mode for analysis and M-mode for diaphragmatic excursion be used with a 2 - 5 MHz with the patient in the supine position. However, the methods used to monitor diaphragm excursion should be adapted to the conditions of the patients, and additional investigations of their characteristics should be performed. More selective inclusion criteria and better matching in the samples are very important. In addition, more narrow age, sex and weight categories are important, especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Resultados e reconhecimento das terapias fisioterápicas no período pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: uma revisão sistemática / Results and recognition of physiotherapy in the preoperative and postoperative period of cardiac surgery: a systematic review

Os fisioterapeutas, no pré e pós-operatório das cirurgias cardíacas, necessitam métodos inovadores para melhor caracterizar seus resultados terapêuticos e atuação do profissional? Realizou-se uma busca de artigos publicados nas bases Medline, Lilacs, Embase e da biblioteca Cochrane. Através dos achados científicos observou-se que no pré-operatório necessita-se de novos parâmetros comparativos despadronizados levando em consideração o tempo de tratamento. Existe uma contraposição quanto à eficiência do trabalho da Fisioterapia. Todavia, estudos demonstraram valores de impacto após o treinamento muscular respiratório intensificado para o pós-operatório das cirurgias cardíacas. Sugere-se uma inovadora metodologia, relacionando características específicas do paciente e aspectos clínicos da doença com o propósito de gerar motivação para adoção da intervenção e, consecutivamente, melhorar a concepção e impacto das terapias fisioterápicas e qualidade de evidência científica para os diferentes estudos a serem desenvolvidos. (AU)

Do physiotherapists in the preoperative cardiac surgery and postoperative period of cardiac surgeries require innovative methods to better characterize their therapeutic and professional performance? A search of articles published between the years 2000 and 2017 was carried out on the Medline, Lilacs, Embase and Cochrane databases. Through the scientific findings it was observed that in the preoperative cardiac it needs new unbalanced comparative parameters taking into consideration the time of treatment. There is a contraposition as to the efficiency of physiotherapy work. However, studies have shown impact values following intensified respiratory muscle training for postoperative period of cardiac. We suggest an innovative methodology, relating specific patient characteristics and clinical aspects of the disease with the purpose of generating motivation to adopt the intervention and, consecutively, to improve the conception and impact of physiotherapeutic therapies and quality of scientific evidence for the different studies to be developed. (AU)

Phonoaudiology guidance in the preoperative period in the head and neck tumors.

INTRODUCTION: The habit of smoking and intake of alcoholic drinks can lead to the incidence of malignant tumors in several areas, including the head or neck. Phonoaudiology is an area of oncology that is always seeking to expand its applications in oncological head and neck cases, with intervention in pre- and post-operative periods and in different clinical fields. AIM: To evaluate and describe the impact of phonoaudiology preoperative guidance in patients, specifically smokers and alcohol drinkers, with head and neck cancer. METHODS: Series Study. Interviews were conducted by telephone with 40 individuals diagnosed with malignant head and neck tumors. Questionnaires regarding the use of tobacco and alcohol were administered before and after the phonoaudiology preoperative guidance. RESULTS: Among the 40 individuals who received phonoaudiology preoperative guidance, 26 were smokers before the orientation. Of these 26 individuals, 18 (69.24%) abandoned tobacco dependence, 4 (15.38%) did not quit smoking, and 4 (15.38%) quit smoking for a few months before resuming smoking after receiving phonoaudiology preoperative guidance. Regarding alcohol consumption, 31 individuals ingested alcohol before phonoaudiology preoperative guidance. Of these 31 individuals, 17 (54.84%) abandoned alcohol dependence, 8 (25.81%) did not abstain from alcohol consumption, and 6 (19.35%) resumed alcohol consumption after a period of abstinence after receiving phonoaudiology preoperative guidance. CONCLUSION: Phonoaudiology preoperative orientations are effective in the treatment of head and neck malignant tumors.