Relationships between Resilience and Self-Efficacy in the Prosocial Behavior of Chilean Elementary School Teachers.

Teachers' actions go beyond instruction, as their personal traits influence their teaching methods, problem-solving skills, and the quality of their relationships with students. Among these attributes, their prosocial competencies stand out for contributing to school, community, and social coexistence. Furthermore, the connection they have to resilience and self-efficacy promotes increased effectiveness in meeting the demands of an ever-more challenging work environment. This research aimed to analyze the effect of the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience on the prosocial behavior of Chilean elementary school teachers. The sample consisted of 1426 teachers (77.2% women) working in public and subsidized Chilean schools. Structural equation modeling (SEM) explored the relationships between self-efficacy, resilience, and prosocial behavior. The findings indicate that self-efficacy and resilience directly and positively affect the prosocial behavior of elementary school teachers. It is suggested that resilience, self-efficacy, and prosociality among teachers are promoted due to their synergistic effects and, consequently, the benefits for school children, especially those from vulnerable social contexts.

Dyadic Analysis of the Inventory of Family Integration in Fathers and Mothers in the city of Arequipa

The present study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Family Integration (IFI) by means of a dyadic analysis based on the responses of fathers and mothers in families from the city of Arequipa, southern Peru. For this purpose, 264 married couples living with their families were non-probabilistically selected and administered the 52-item IFI. An analysis of dimensionality and reliability was carried out, and a factorial invariance analysis was applied under a dyadic approach and, finally, a comparative analysis using Cohen's d was performed. The results reported moderate correlations between the values of fathers and mothers in each family holon: personal, spousal, parental, sibling and familial. Likewise, the dimensionality fit of each holon in fathers and mothers was adequate with acceptable magnitudes, and the reliability indices calculated with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega tests were high. The five-factor internal structure and internal consistency in both fathers and mothers were corroborated.

El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Integración Familiar (IIF) mediante un análisis diádico en función de las respuestas de padres y madres de conforman una familia procedente de la ciudad de Arequipa, al sur de Perú. Para ello, se seleccionó de manera no probabilística a 264 parejas casadas que viven con sus familias, a quienes se les aplicó el IIF que consta de 52 ítems. Se realizó un análisis de la dimensionalidad y la confiabilidad, y se aplicó un análisis de invarianza factorial bajo un enfoque diádico y finalmente un análisis comparativo mediante la d de Cohen. Los resultados reportaron correlaciones moderadas entre los valores de los padres y madres en cada holón familiar: personal, conyugal, parental, fraternal y familiar. Asimismo, el ajuste de dimensionalidad de cada holón en padres y en madres fue adecuado con magnitudes aceptables, y los índices de confiabilidad calculados con las pruebas alfa de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald fueron elevados. Se corrobora la estructura interna de cinco factores y la consistencia interna tanto en padres como en madres.

Adaptation and Validation of the Perception of Anomie Scale in Chilean University Students.

The Perception of Anomie Scale (PAS) is a measure used to evaluate the state of society and whether it is disintegrated and deregulated. Although widely used, the psychometric properties of reliability, validity, and measurement invariance according to sex have not been studied in the Chilean university population. To explore these properties, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 383 students from public (45.7%) and private (54.3%) universities, with a mean age of 21.5 years (SD = 3.3). A CFA and ESEM were performed, which confirmed the two-factor correlated structure, achieving better goodness-of-fit indices by eliminating five items (RMSEA = 0.09; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.95). This also provided evidence of reliability and measurement invariance according to sex. This study provides evidence of the psychometric quality of the PAS scale, thus allowing its use in the Chilean university context.

Gender-based differences in the impact of Dark Triad traits on academic dishonesty: The mediating role of moral disengagement in college students.

This study explores whether gender differences influence the components of the Dark Triad of personality and moral disengagement on the manifestations of dishonest academic behavior in Peruvian university students. Moreover, it evaluates how moral disengagement mediates the effect that the Dark Triad components have on academic dishonesty. The participants were 591 university students, aged between 18 and 40 years (women = 71.7 %; Mage = 21.5; SDage = 3.60), to whom the Dirty Dozen Dark Triad, the Propensity to Morally Disengage Scale, and the Scale of Academic Dishonesty, which has 3 dimensions (cheating on exams, plagiarism, and falsification) were applied. The results reveal that only Machiavellianism has a significant and consistent influence on all dimensions of academic dishonesty, in both men and women, while psychopathy influences the dimension of plagiarism in both men and women and falsification only in men. In addition, moral disengagement affects falsification in both groups, cheating on exams only in the men's group, and plagiarism in the women's group. Finally, the mediating role of moral disengagement between the effect of the Dark Triad and the manifestations of academic dishonesty was not demonstrated.

Análisis psicométrico de dos versiones del Big Five Inventory-15 en estudiantes universitarios chilenos: estructura interna, invarianza de edición y asociación con bienestar subjetivo

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la estructura interna de dos versiones del Big Five Inventory-15 (BFI-15), invarianza de medición y su relación con el bienestar subjetivo en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Participaron 1011 estudiantes (mujeres = 54.80 %; M edad = 21.55 años; DE edad = 2.11 años). Los resultados indican que la versión peruana del BFI-15 (BFI-15p) tiene indicadores más consistentes con relación a su estructura interna (e.g., cargas factoriales) en comparación a la versión alemana (BFI-15a), así como una estructura invariante entre hombres y mujeres, y una asociación significativa con las dimensiones del bienestar subjetivo. Finalmente, la confiabilidad del constructo y de las puntuaciones alcanzó magnitudes adecuadas. Se concluye que el BFI-15p presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en universitarios chilenos.

O objetivo desta investigação foi analisar a estrutura interna de duas versões do Big Five Inventory-15 (BFI-15), invariância de medição e a sua relação com o bem-estar subjetivo em estudantes universitários chilenos. Participaram 1011 estudantes universitários (mulheres = 54.80%; M idade = 21.55 anos; DP idade = 2.11 anos). Os resultados indicam que a versão peruana do BFI-15 (BFI-15p) tem indicadores mais consistentes em relação à sua estrutura interna (por exemplo, cargas fatoriais) em comparação com a versão alemã (BFI-15a), bem como uma estrutura invariante entre homens e mulheres, e uma associação significativa com as dimensões do bem-estar subjetivo. Por fim, a confiabilidade do construto e das pontuações atingiram magnitudes adequadas. Conclui-se que o BFI-15p apresenta propriedades psicométricas adequadas para uso em estudantes universitários chilenos.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the internal structure of the Big Five Inventory-15 (BFI-15), measurement invariance and its association with subjective well-being, in Chilean college students. A sample of 1011 college students (female = 54.80%; M age = 21.55 years; SD age = 2.11 years) was used. Results showed the Peruvian version of BFI-15 (BFI-15p) has more consistent indicators regarding their internal structure (e.g., factor loadings) compared to the German (BFI-15a) version, an invariant structure between men and women, and a significant association with subjective well-being was found. Finally, the construct reliability and scores reliability reached adequate magnitudes. It is concluded that the BFI-15p has adequate psychometric properties for use in Chilean college students.

Satisfacción con la enseñanza online en estudiantes universitarios: análisis estructural de una escala

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la estructura interna y confiabilidad de la Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS) en estudiantes universitarios peruanos. Participaron 458 estudiantes (mujeres = 69.9 %; M edad = 27.76 años; DE edad = 4.41 años). La SSS se estudió bajo el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y el modelamiento exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales (ESEM). Respecto a los resultados, el modelo original de cinco dimensiones obtuvo índices de ajuste favorables con ESEM, pero las dimensiones interacciones alumno-profesor e interacciones alumno-alumno se superponen entre sí, por lo que se valoró un modelo de cuatro dimensiones que presentó mejores evidencias psicométricas. La confiabilidad de las puntuaciones y de constructo presenta magnitudes aceptables. Se concluye que el SSS cuenta con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a estrutura interna e a confiabilidade da Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS) em estudantes universitários peruanos. Participaram 458 estudantes (mulheres = 69,9 %; M idade = 27,76 anos; DP idade = 4,41 anos). O SSS foi estudado por meio de análise fatorial confirmatória (CFA) e modelação exploratória de equações estruturais (ESEM). Quanto aos resultados, o modelo original de cinco dimensões obteve índices de ajuste favoráveis com ESEM, mas as interações entre as dimensões aluno-professor e aluno-aluno se sobrepõem, por isso, foi analisado um modelo quatro dimensões que apresentou melhor evidência psicométrica. A confiabilidade das pontuações e de construto apresentaram magnitudes aceitáveis. Conclui-se que o SSS possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas.

The aim of this research study was to analyze the internal structure and reliability of the Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS) in Peruvian university students. A total of 458 students participated (women = 69.9 %; M age = 27.76 years; SD age = 4.41 years). The SSS was studied under confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Regard the results, the original five-dimensional model obtained favorable fit indexes with ESEM, but the dimensions student-teacher interactions and student-student interactions overlap each other, so it was valued as a four-dimensional model that presented better psychometric evidence. Regarding reliability, an acceptable order of magnitudes was observed, both at the level of scores and construct. It can be concluded that the SSS has adequate psychometric properties.

Psychometric properties of the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale in a sample of Chilean public school teachers.

The Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) has demonstrated suitable levels of reliability and validity for its use on the teacher population in several countries, and it is the most used scale to assess teachers' beliefs in their efficacy. However, few psychometric studies exist on its applicability to elementary teachers in public schools. This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the TSES in teachers who work in elementary education. The sample comprised 1,406 Chilean teachers, mainly women (77.2%), from various Chilean public and subsidized schools. The results obtained from three confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the model that best fit the data was bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) for 24 items, one general factor, and three residual factors. The results of the factorial invariance analysis indicate that the TSES remains stable up to the strict level of invariance for the variable sex. These results imply that the TSES can be used on Chilean teachers. The results are discussed based on the theoretical and empirical evidence available.

Psychometric Validation of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale in a Professional Teaching Context.

For the teaching profession, prosociality is a relevant skill. From this perspective, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale (APBS) in a professional setting of primary school Chilean teachers (n = 1404; mean age = 41.4; SD = 10.8; 77.4% women). ESEM and CFA were applied to evaluate its factor structure, internal consistency, factorial reliability, and invariance. The results supported a bifactor ESEM model in which prosociality was represented by a general latent factor and four specific factors (helping, sharing, caring, and empathy). A predominance of the unidimensional component of the APBS was observed (general factor, ECV = 0.938; ωh = 0.945), with adequate reliability (α = 0.932; ω of the factor general = 0.968) and invariance of the measurement in terms of gender. Its adequacy was confirmed by a good level of fit (RMSEA = 0.042 90%CI [0.036-0.049]; SRMR = 0.012; CFI = 0.995; TLI = 0.988). It is concluded that the APBS is a suitable instrument to measure prosociality in the professional setting studied. Its general and specific dimensions are relevant to the prosocial behaviors currently required of teachers. Future studies could contribute evidence of the transcultural validation of the APBS in other educational contexts in order to undertake comparative studies.

Psychometric Properties of the SV-RES60 Resilience Scale in a Sample of Chilean Elementary School Teachers.

The concept of resilience, identified as a crucial variable due to its association with several beneficial outcomes in adulthood, is of particular interest in the teaching field. Specifically, teachers work in a demanding, challenging, and stressful context that requires a remarkable ability to adapt; therefore, resilience is important in the field of teaching and training, as it plays a fundamental role in children's cognitive, social, and emotional development. This study sought to analyze the psychometric properties of the SV-RES60 Resilience Scale in a sample of Chilean elementary school teachers from first to eighth grade (N = 1406; mean age = 41.4; SD = 10.8). ESEM and bifactor ESEM analyses were performed to evaluate its factor structure, internal consistency, and reliability. The results supported a bifactor structure in which resilience was represented by one general latent factor and twelve specific factors (RMSEA = 0.032; 90%CI [0.030, 0.033]; SRMR = 0.012; CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.977). A predominance of the unidimensional components of the SV-RES60 (general factor, ECV = 0.812; ωh = 0.975) and a high reliability (α = 0.981; ω of the general factor = 0.991) were observed. In conclusion, the SV-RES60 Resilience Scale is a suitable instrument for measuring the general factor of resilience in the investigated teaching environment. Future studies could contribute towards evidence of a reduced scale and transcultural validation to conduct comparative studies.

Psychometric Analysis of Two Brief Versions of the CERQ in the Argentinean Population: CERQ-18 and CERQ-27.

Background: Emotion Regulation (ER) involves any explicit or implicit process that may alter the emotion felt, its duration and expression, and is a transdiagnostic factor of vulnerability involved in the etiology and maintenance of different emotional disorders. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) assesses nine cognitive strategies involved in ER and is a valuable tool. Its popularity and wide use led to the development of two abbreviated versions: a version with 18 items (two items per factor) and a 27-item version (three items per factor). Objective: To analyze the psychometric properties of both versions in the Argentinean population. Design: The research design was instrumental. The factor structure of the CERQ-18 and CERQ-27 as well as the reliability of the scores and the construct of each dimension were evaluated. In addition, we gathered validity evidence for its relationship with other variables by associating the CERQ scores with Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) scores. Results: The CERQ-18 presented more consistent evidence regarding its internal structure (adequate fit indices and factor loadings of moderate magnitude) and reliability. Given that the association of the two versions with the DERS is similar, we recommend that the 18-item version be used. Conclusion: The CERQ-18 has quite similar psychometric properties to the CERQ-27 in the general population of Argentina and the findings contribute to an understanding of its internal structure.

Invarianza factorial de dos versiones breves de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) en estudiantes universitarios de Arequipa / Factorial Invariance of two Short Versions of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in Arequipa University Students

Resumen La resiliencia es una característica individual que posibilita el reajuste biopsicosocial y espiritual que ayuda al bienestar psicológico y al desenvolvimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la invarianza de medición según el sexo, de dos versiones breves de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) y determinar si existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Se evaluó con la CD-RISC-10, que incluye la CD-RISC-7, a una muestra de 491 universitarios arequipeños (312 mujeres; 179 hombres) con edad promedio de 20.56 años (DE = 3.18), de una institución privada. Inicialmente se realizó un análisis factorial multigrupo con cada versión para valorar el grado de invarianza de medición alcanzado, y luego de ello se compararon las medias latentes de resiliencia entre hombres y mujeres. En cuanto a los resultados, la CD-RISC-7 presentó indicadores estructurales más favorables (e.g., λ > .50; en mujeres: CFI = .981, RMSEA = .087, WRMR = 0.683; en hombres: CFI = .966, RMSEA = .124, WRMR = 0.783), que la CD-RISC-10 (e.g., λ < .50, índices de ajuste en mujeres: CFI = .974, RMSEA = .073, WRMR = 0.774; en hombres: CFI = .960, RMSEA = .095, WRMR = 0.803) incluyendo la invarianza de medición (invarianza estricta: ΔCFI = .003; ARMSEA = .001), y al comparar las medias latentes fueron halladas diferencias significativas a favor de los hombres (d = .471). Finalmente, se discuten las implicancias teóricas y metodológicas de los hallazgos, así como la necesidad de ampliar los estudios considerando otros aspectos relevantes para una mejor comprensión del constructo resiliencia.

Abstract Resilience is an individual trait that enables biopsychosocial and spiritual readjustment, helping the psychological well-being and academic performance of university students. The objective of this research was to analyze the measurement invariance by sex of two short versions of the Connor - Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and to determine if there are differences between men and women. A sample of 491 Arequipa university students (63.5% women), with an average age of 20.56 years-old (SD = 3.18), from a private institution in Arequipa-Peru was evaluated with the CD-RISC-10, which includes the CD-RISC-7. First, a multi-group factor analysis was carried out with each version to assess the degree of measurement invariance achieved, and then the latent means of resilience between men and women were compared. Regarding the results, the cD-Risc-7 presented more favorable structural indicators (e.g., λ > .50; in women: CFI= .981, RMSEA= .087, WRMR = 0.683; in men: CFI= .966, RMSEA= .124, WRMR= 0.783), than THE CD-RISC-10 (e.g., λ < .50, fit indices in women: CFI = .974, RMSEA = .073, WRMR = 0.774; in men: CFI = .960, RMSEA = .095, WRMR = 0.803), including measurement invariance (strict invariance: ΔCFI= .003; ARMSEA = .001), and when comparing latent means, significant differences in favor of men were found (d = .471). Finally, the theoretical and methodological implications of the findings are discussed, as well as the need to extend the studies considering other relevant aspects for a better understanding of the resilience construct.

Regulación cognitiva de las emociones durante un estado de emergencia sanitaria: análisis estructural del CERQ

Las experiencias emocionales se ven influenciadas, tanto por el contexto como por las interpretaciones individuales; es decir, los cambios repentinos en el estilo de vida causados por circunstancias aversivas impactan en la estabilidad emocional de las personas, pudiéndose manifestar malestar o problemas psicológicos. En este sentido, debido al impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en la salud mental es necesario explorar estrategias que regulen emociones, mediante instrumentos confiables y apropiados a la población y su contexto. El objetivo es analizar evidencias de validez de dos versiones del Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnarie (CERQ), de 36 y 18 ítems, durante la primera ola de la pandemia. Fueron evaluados 401 jóvenes y adultos peruanos (75.1% mujeres), con edad promedio de 30.1 años (DEedad = 11.8). El método de análisis factorial confirmatorio demostró mejores índices de ajuste con el CERQ-18 que con el CERQ-36, así como adecuados coeficientes de fiabilidad a un contexto específico de pandemia; sin embargo, hubo una elevada correlación entre los factores Rumiación - Catastrofización y Reinterpretación positiva - Focalización en los planes. En conclusión, el CERQ-18 presenta adecuadas evidencias de validez y fiabilidad. Se discuten las implicancias teóricas y prácticas de los resultados.

Emotional experiences are influenced by context and individual's interpretations, that is, sudden changes in lifestyle caused by aversive circumstances impact people's emotional stability and may manifest distress or psychological problems. In this sense, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, it is necessary to explore emotional regulation strategies through reliable and appropriate instruments for the population. The objective is to analyze validity evidence of two versions of the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), with 36 and 18 items, during the first wave of the pandemic. 401 Peruvian youths and adults (75.1% women) were evaluated; the mean age was 30.1 years (SD age = 11.8). The confirmatory factor analysis method showed better fit índices with the CERQ-18 than the CERQ-36, as well as adequate reliability coefficients for a specific context; however, high correlation between factors Rumination - Catastrophizing and Positive reinterpretation - Focusing on plans was obtained. Therefore, the CERQ-18 presents adequate evidence of validity and reliability. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

As experiências emocionais são influenciadas, tanto pelo contexto quanto pelas interpretações individuais; ou seja, mudanças repentinas no estilo de vida causadas por circunstâncias aversivas impactam a estabilidade emocional das pessoas, manifestando-se desconforto ou problemas psicológicos. Nesse sentido, devido ao impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental, é necessário explorar estratégias que regulem as emoções, por meio de instrumentos confiáveis ​​e adequados à população e seu contexto. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as evidências de validade de duas versões do Questionário de Regulação Emocional Cognitiva (CERQ), com 36 e 18 itens, durante a primeira onda da pandemia. Foram avaliados 401 jovens e adultos peruanos (75,1% mulheres), com média de idade de 30,1 anos (DP idade = 11,8). O método de análise fatorial confirmatória apresentou melhores índices de ajuste com o CERQ-18 do que com o CERQ-36, bem como coeficientes de confiabilidade adequados para um contexto específico de pandemia; porém, houve alta correlação entre os fatores Ruminação - Catastrofização e Reinterpretação Positiva - Foco nos planos. Em conclusão, o CERQ-18 apresenta evidências adequadas de validade e confiabilidade. As implicações teóricas e práticas dos resultados são discutidas.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of an academic self-efficacy scale in college students from five Latin American countries

Our objective was to analyze the measurement invariance of the Academic Situations Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (ASSPSES) among Peruvian, Mexican, Colombian, Argentinean, and Brazilian college students, and its relationship with academic emotional exhaustion (AEE). In addition to the ASSPSES, the Emotional Exhaustion Scale (EES) was used. Two thousand one hundred forty-two college students (70.26% women) between the ages of 16 and 35 (M = 21.79 years) participated. The one-dimensional structure of ASSPSES was corroborated in each sample with a confirmatory factor analysis and the measurement invariance analysis was carried out with a multi-group factor analysis (MGFA) and with the differential item functioning. The relationship with the AEE was tested with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Regard the results, in all of the samples, the one-dimensional model presented adequate psychometric indicators with respect to both dimensionality and reliability. Similarly, regarding the analysis of measurement invariance, a strong variance was attained, and DIF is weak, which together with the MGFA results provides favorable evidence of measurement invariance. We conclude that ASSPSES is an invariant measure among the analyzed groups although replicating the study is necessary for the consolidation of the findings. These findings contribute to the understanding of the internal structure of the ASSPSES, something that had been awaiting evaluation, given how the scale is used in various contexts.

El objetivo fue analizar la invarianza de medición de la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica para Situaciones Académicas (EAPESA) entre estudiantes universitarios peruanos, mexicanos, colombianos, argentinos y brasileños, y su relación con el agotamiento emocional académico (AEA). Además de la EAPESA, se usó la Escala de Cansancio Emocional (ECE). Participaron 2142 estudiantes universitarios (70.26 % mujeres) entre los 16 y 35 años (M = 21.79). La estructura unidimensional de la EAPESA se corroboró en cada muestra con un análisis factorial confirmatorio, y la invarianza de medición se llevó a cabo con un análisis factorial de grupo múltiple (AFGM) y con el funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems (FDI). La relación con el AEA se evaluó con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Respecto a los resultados, en todas las muestras el modelo unidimensional presentó adecuados indicadores psicométricos, tanto en lo que respecta a su dimensionalidad como en cuanto a su confiabilidad. Del mismo modo, en cuanto al análisis de invarianza de medición, se alcanza la invarianza fuerte, y el FDI es débil, lo que junto con el AFGM brinda evidencia favorable de invarianza de medición. Se concluye que la EAPESA es una medida invariante entre los grupos analizados, aunque es necesario replicar la investigación para consolidar los hallazgos. Estos resultados contribuyen a entender la estructura interna de la EAPESA, algo que estaba aguardando una valoración, ya que dicha escala es usada en varios contextos.

El objetivo fue analizar la invarianza de medición de la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica para Situaciones Académicas (EAPESA) entre estudiantes universitarios peruanos, mexicanos, colombianos, argentinos y brasileños, y su relación con el agotamiento emocional académico (AEA). Además de la EAPESA, se usó la Escala de Cansancio Emocional (ECE). Participaron 2142 estudiantes universitarios (70.26% mujeres) entre los 16 y 35 años (M = 21.79). La estructura unidimensional de la EAPESA se corroboró en cada muestra con un análisis factorial confirmatorio, y la invarianza de medición se llevó a cabo con un análisis factorial de grupo múltiple (AFGM) y con el funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems (FDI). La relación con el AEA se evaluó con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Respecto a los resultados, en todas las muestras el modelo unidimensional presentó adecuados indicadores psicométricos, tanto en lo que respecta a su dimensionalidad como en cuanto a su confiabilidad. Del mismo modo, en cuanto al análisis de invarianza de medición, se alcanza la invarianza fuerte, y el FDI es débil, lo que junto con el AFGM brinda evidencia favorable de invarianza de medición. Se concluye que la EAPESA es una medida invariante entre los grupos analizados, aunque es necesario replicar la investigación para consolidar los hallazgos. Estos resultados contribuyen a entender la estructura interna de la EAPESA, algo que estaba aguardando una valoración, ya que dicha escala es usada en varios contextos.

Análisis psicométrico y datos normativos de la UWES en adolescentes peruanos

El engagement académico es una característica relevante para predecir las trayectorias académicas exitosas y el rendimiento escolar; sin embargo, existe una carencia de instrumentos validados en Perú para su evaluación. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Utrech Work Engagement Scale - 9S (UWES-9S) en adolescentes peruanos: estructura interna, invarianza de medición, asociación con la autoeficacia académica, confiabilidad y normas. Fueron evaluados 868 adolescentes escolares (51.728% mujeres; M edad = 14.263; DE edad = 1.430) procedentes de seis colegios de la Provincia Constitucional del Callao (costa central del Perú). Además de la UWES-9S se utilizó la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica para Situaciones Académicas como medida de autoeficacia. Los resultados indican que la UWES-9S es unidimensional e invariante entre hombres y mujeres, aunque se eliminaron tres ítems derivando en una nueva versión: UWES-6S. Asimismo, la asociación con la medida de autoeficacia académica fue moderada (r > .50) y se obtuvo normas para hombres y mujeres por separado. Los indicadores de confiabilidad fueron satisfactorios tanto para las puntuaciones (coeficiente alfa y correlación inter-ítem promedio) como para el constructo (coeficiente omega > .80). Se concluye que la UWES-6S cuenta con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su aplicación en adolescentes peruanos.

O engagement académico é uma característica relevante para prever trajetórias académicas bem-sucedidas e o desempenho escolar, no entanto, faltam instrumentos validados no Perú para a sua avaliação. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Utrecht Work Engagement Scale - 9S (UWES-9S) em adolescentes peruanos: estrutura interna, invariância de medidas, associação com a autoeficácia académica, confiabilidade e normas. Foram avaliados 868 adolescentes escolares (51.728% mulheres; Midade = 14.263; DPidade = 1.430) de seis colégios da Província Constitucional de Callao (costa central do Perú). Além da UWES-9S, foi utilizada a Escala de Autoeficácia Percebida Específica para Situações Académicas como medida de autoeficácia. Os resultados mostram que a UWES-9S é unidimensional e invariável entre homens e mulheres, embora três itens tenham sido eliminados, resultando numa nova versão: UWES-6S. A associação com a autoeficácia académica foi moderada (r > 0,50) e as normas foram obtidas para homens e mulheres separadamente. Além disso, os índices de confiabilidade foram satisfatórios tanto para as pontuações (coeficiente alfa e correlação média entre itens) quanto para o constructo (coeficiente ómega > .80). Conclui-se que a UWES-6S possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas para sua aplicação em adolescentes peruanos.

Academic engagement is a relevant characteristic to predict successful academic trajectories and school performance; however, there is a lack of validated instruments in Peru for its evaluation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale - 9S (UWES-9S) in Peruvian adolescents: internal structure, measurement invariance, association with academic self-efficacy, reliability, and norms. A total of 868 school adolescents (51.728% women; Mage = 14.263; SDage = 1.430) from six schools in the Constitutional Province of Callao (central coast of Peru) were evaluated. In addition to the UWES-9S, the Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale for Academic Situations was used as a measure of self-efficacy. The results show that the UWES-9S is unidimensional and invariant between men and women, although three items were eliminated, resulting in a new version: UWES-6S. Likewise, the association with academic self-efficacy was moderate (r > .50) and norms were obtained for men and women separately. In addition, the reliability indices were satisfactory for both the scores (alpha coefficient and average inter-item correlation) and the construct (omega coefficient > .80). It is concluded that the UWES-6S has adequate psychometric properties for its application in Peruvian adolescents.

Hostilidad parental y su relación con el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y alcohólicas en adolescentes mexicanos / Parental Hostility and Its Relationship with Sugar-Sweetened and Alcoholic Beverage Intake among Mexican adolescents

Resumen El incremento en la prevalencia de obesidad en adolescentes es alarmante, mismo que puede estar relacionado con el consumo de bebidas azucaradas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si el comportamiento afectivo de los padres y la edad de los hijos se relacionan con el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y alcohólicas en hombres y mujeres adolescentes mexicanos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional en 296 adolescentes del nivel secundaria en una escuela pública de Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Se aplicaron la Escala de Evaluación del Comportamiento Afectivo y el Beverage Intake Questionnaire-15. Se encontraron factores predictores de magnitud moderada. En las mujeres el consumo de jugos ultra procesados se relacionó negativamente con la calidez de la madre, mientras que la hostilidad del padre se relacionó positivamente con el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas. En los hombres la hostilidad de la madre se asoció negativamente con el consumo de agua y jugo de frutas, y positivamente con el consumo de refrescos. Mientras que la hostilidad del padre se asoció positivamente con el consumo de jugos ultra-procesados y bebidas energéticas o deportivas.

Abstract The increase in the prevalence of obesity in adolescents is alarming and may be related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. The objective of the study was to determine whether parental affective behavior and age are related to consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and alcoholic beverages in Mexican adolescent men and women. A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted among 296 adolescents, who are students of a public secondary school located in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. The Behavioral Affect Rating Scale and the Beverage Intake Questionnaire-15 were both conducted. Through multivariate analysis, predictors of moderate magnitude were found. In females, consumption of ultra-processed juices was negatively related to the mother's warmth, while the father's hostility was positively related to consumption of alcoholic beverages. In males, the mother's hostility was negatively associated with water and fruit juice consumption and positively associated with soft drink consumption. While the father's hostility was positively associated with the consumption of ultra-processed juices and energy or sports drinks.

Análisis psicométrico del Cuestionario de ción Conductual de las Emociones en universitarios peruanos / Psychometric analysis of the Behavioral Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire in Peruvian university students

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo traducir e identificar las propiedades psicométricas del Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ) en 315 universitarios de Lima, Perú, entre los 16 y 44 años (M edad = 21.31; DE edad = 3.39; 59.7 % hombres). Para la evaluación se aplicó el BERQ y el Inventario Multicultural de Depresión Estado Rasgo (IMÜDER), y las evidencias de validez de la estructura interna se obtuvieron por medio de un análisis factorial confirmatorio y un modelamiento exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales, mientras que las evidencias de validez en relación con otras variables se obtuvieron a través de un análisis de regresión lineal. Los resultados indican que la estructura pentafactorial se replica en la muestra peruana, que las estrategias adaptativas predicen significativamente el eutrés, y que las estrategias desadaptativas predicen el distrés; además, los valores de confiabilidad fueron aceptables. Al final se discuten aspectos teóricos y prácticos de los hallazgos y la importancia de continuar brindando evidencia para su utilización en diferentes poblaciones y contextos, teniendo en cuenta que esta la primera vez que se analiza una versión en español del BERQ.

Abstract The present study aimed to translate and identify the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ) in 315 university students from Lima, Peru, aged 16 to 44 years (Mage = 21.31; SD = 3.39; 59.7% male). The BERQ and the Multicultural Inventory of Trait State Depression (IMUDER) were administered for the assessment. Evidence of internal structure validity was obtained through confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling, while evidence of validity in relation to other variables was obtained through linear regression analysis. The results indicate that the pentafactorial structure is replicated in the Peruvian sample; that adaptive strategies significantly predict eutres, and that maladaptive strategies predict distress; in addition, reliability values were acceptable. At the end, theoretical and practical aspects of the findings and the importance of continuing to provide evidence for its use in different populations and contexts are discussed, taking into account that this is the first time that a Spanish version of the BERQ has been analyzed.

Análisis psicométrico de versiones cortas del Big Five Inventory en universitarios mexicanos / Psychometric analysis of short versions of the Big Five Inventory in Mexican college students / Análise psicométrica de versões curtas do Big Five Inventory em universitários mexicanos

La personalidad es uno de los constructos centrales de la psicología, no obstante, las escalas extensas pueden dificultar su inclusión en diversos estudios. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si las dos versiones breves del Big Five Inventory (BFI, 15p y BFI-10p) presentan evidencias de validez y de confiabilidad en una muestra de 451 estudiantes universitarios mexicanos (57,2% mujeres; Medad = 20,84). El BFI-15p y el BFI-10p fueron analizados mediante un modelo exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales (método de estimativa, y rotación geomin), y se encontró que el BFI-15p tenía un índice de ajuste satisfactorio y estructura interna coherente, así como asociaciones significativas con una breve medida de inteligencia emocional. Además, los coeficientes y puntuaciones de confiabilidad del constructo fueron adecuados. Se concluye que el BFI-15p presenta propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias para su uso en estudiantes universitarios.(AU)

A personalidade é um dos construtos centrais da psicologia, no entanto, as escalas extensas podem dificultar a sua inclusão em diversos estudos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se as duas versões breves do Big Five Inventory (BFI-15p e BFI-10p) apresentam evidências de validade e de confiabilidade numa amostra de 451 estudantes universitários mexicanos (57.2% mulheres; Midade = 20.84). O BFI-15p e o BFI-10p foram analisados por meio de um modelo exploratório de equações estruturais (método de estimativa WLSMV e rotação Geomin), e verificou-se que o BFI-15p apresentava índice de ajuste satisfatório e estrutura interna coerente, assim como associações significativas com uma breve medida de inteligência emocional. Além disso, os coeficientes e pontuações de confiabilidade do construto foram adequados. Conclui-se que o BFI-15p apresenta propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para o uso em estudantes universitários.(AU)

Personality is one of the central constructs of psychology, however, its extensive scales can hinder its inclusion in various studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether the two short versions of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-15p and BFI-10p) present evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of 451 Mexican university students. (57.2% women; Mage = 20.84). The BFI-15p and BFI-10p were analyzed through exploratory structural equation modeling (WLSMV estimation method and geomin rotation), and it was found that the BFI-15p presented a satisfactory fit index and a coherent internal structure, as well as significant associations with a brief measure of emotional intelligence. The construct reliability coefficients and scores were also adequate. It was concluded that the BFI-15p presents satisfactory psychometric properties for use with university students.(AU)

Structural analysis and reliability of the Perceived Stress Scale in nursing professionals from Peru.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to provide psychometric evidence of the 14-item and 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale in nursing professionals from Peru. METHOD: Data on 2848 professionals (92.275% women) between 23 and 69 years old (M = 21.876; SD = 10.763) was extracted from ENSUSALUD 2015. An exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) was applied with Mplus 7.0 software to analyse several measurement models in the PSS: unidimensional, bidimensional, models with method factor, and bifactor. Finally, the reliability was analysed. RESULTS: The two-factor structure obtained adequate fit indices, and acceptable factorial loadings (>.50), while the unidimensional model has poor statistical support. The construct and score reliability was also adequate. CONCLUSION: The two-factor model of the PSS-10 and PSS-14 presents adequate psychometric properties to expand its use to empirical research.

Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) in Different Hispanic Countries: An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, we analyzed the data through a bifactor model within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) on the pooled sample of participants (N = 1,979) obtaining good fit indices. We then attained measurement invariance across both gender and countries in a set of nested models with gradually increasing parameter constraints. Latent means comparisons across countries showed that among the participants' countries, Chile had the highest parental burnout score, likewise, comparisons across gender evidenced that mothers displayed higher scores than fathers, as shown in previous studies. Reliability coefficients were high. In Study 2 (N = 1,171), we tested the relations between parental burnout and three specific consequences, i.e., escape and suicidal ideations, parental neglect, and parental violence toward one's children. The medium to large associations found provided support for the PBA's predictive validity. Overall, we concluded that the Spanish version of the PBA has good psychometric properties. The results support its relevance for the assessment of parental burnout among Spanish-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research in the parenting domain.