Modalidades de ensinar e aprender: educação online no curso de graduação em Odontologia / Modes of teaching and learning: online education in undergraduate course in Dentistry

O trabalho objetivou descrever e qualificar o acesso a computadores e à rede de internet, bem como ao ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) e suas respectivas ferramentas, por graduandos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Estudo transversal, baseado em questionários aplicados em um universo de 715 estudantes, os quais estivessem presentes nas salas de aula das onze turmas dos diferentes anos e turnos. Foram feitas análises de distribuição de frequência e teste de associação no programa EPI-Info v.6.0, medidas pela Razão de Chances (OR - odds ratio). Todos os respondentes (n=400) possuem computador em casa, 98% com acesso à internet e 84,5% utilizam os computadores disponibilizados pela Instituição. Majoritariamente (89,7%), os alunos dedicaram mais de duas horas semanais para atividades virtuais. Observouse que os alunos do noturno apresentaram duas vezes mais chances de utilização de computador que alunos do integral. Ao menos uma disciplina que utiliza o AVA (Plataforma Moodle) foi identificada por 96,5% dos estudantes. Ao acessar o AVA, os alunos declararam ter maior facilidade para acessar a página inicial e os textos disponibilizados. Fóruns e chats foram apontados como ações de menor facilidade de execução. Não houve associação entre o tempo de uso do computador e a avaliação da utilização das ferramentas. Infraestrutura computacional que acompanhe os avanços tecnológicos e a utilização de um AVA com ferramentas acessíveis podem potencializar a incorporação da educação online (AU).

This study aimed to describe and qualify the access to computers, internet network and the virtual learning environment (VLE) and its tools, by undergraduate students of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo. Cross-sectional study based on questionnaires applied in a universe of 715 students, who were present in the eleven classrooms of daytime and nightime courses. Frequency distribution analysis were made and association test in the EPI-Info v.6.0 program, measured by odds ratio (OR). All respondents (n = 400) have a computer at home, 98% with internet access. 84.5% use the computers provided by the institution. The majority (89.7%) of students spent more than two hours per week in virtual activities. It was observed that the nightime course students were twice as likely to use a computer than daytime course students. 96.5% of the students identified at least one discipline that uses the VLE (Moodle platform). When accessing the AVA, the students claimed to have easier access to the home page and available texts. Forums and chat rooms were cited as less easy to use. There was no association between the time of use of computer and the evaluation of tools utilization. Computing infrastructure that accompanies technological advances and the use of a VLE with accessible tools can enhance the incorporation of online education (AU).

Conditional factors for untreated caries in 12-year-old children in the city of São Paulo.

The aim of the study was to analyze what sociodemographic and economic variables were associated with the presence of untreated caries in 12-year-old children in the city of São Paulo. This cross-sectional study had a complex sample design. It was based on secondary data generated by the Levantamento epidemiológico em saúde bucal (Epidemiological Oral Health Survey) in the city of São Paulo, conducted in 2008, whose sample comprised 4,246 12-year-old children from the public and private schools of all the administrative districts of the city. A questionnaire was applied and an epidemiological exam was performed in accordance with the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations. The variables of interest were categorized into a dependent variable of untreated dental caries (carious component of the DMFT index that corresponds to carious, missing and filled teeth) and independent variables related to the socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the children and their families, and to their access to dental services. The EPI-INFO 06 and STATA 10 programs were used for the analysis; the prevalence ratio and a confidence interval of 95% were applied to the population parameters. The Poisson regression model was used, adjusted for sampling of the complex type. Caries was associated with ethnicity (higher rate in black people, p=0.042), attending public school (p=0.000), lower average family income (p=0.002), overcrowded dwellings (p=0.000) and presence of pain (p=0.000). Caries is a multifactorial disease influenced by social health determinants that intensify its risk.

Conditional factors for untreated caries in 12-year-old children in the city of Sao Paulo

The aim of the study was to analyze what sociodemographic and economic variables were associated with the presence of untreated caries in 12-year-old children in the city of São Paulo. This cross-sectional study had a complex sample design. It was based on secondary data generated by the Levantamento epidemiológico em saúde bucal (Epidemiological Oral Health Survey) in the city of São Paulo, conducted in 2008, whose sample comprised 4,246 12-year-old children from the public and private schools of all the administrative districts of the city. A questionnaire was applied and an epidemiological exam was performed in accordance with the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations. The variables of interest were categorized into a dependent variable of untreated dental caries (carious component of the DMFT index that corresponds to carious, missing and filled teeth) and independent variables related to the socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the children and their families, and to their access to dental services. The EPI-INFO 06 and STATA 10 programs were used for the analysis; the prevalence ratio and a confidence interval of 95% were applied to the population parameters. The Poisson regression model was used, adjusted for sampling of the complex type. Caries was associated with ethnicity (higher rate in black people, p = 0.042), attending public school (p = 0.000), lower average family income (p = 0.002), overcrowded dwellings (p = 0.000) and presence of pain (p = 0.000). Caries is a multifactorial disease influenced by social health determinants that intensify its risk.