ABSTRACT
A novel photoredox-catalyzed direct hydroacylation of benzylidenemalononitriles is described. In this method, aroyl chlorides are employed as a readily available and affordable source of acyl groups, while commercially available tris(trimethylsilyl)silane acts as both the hydrogen atom donor and electron donor. By eliminating the requirement for complex synthesis of acyl precursors and hydrogen atom-transfer (HAT) reagents, this approach offers a convenient and efficient strategy for the hydroacylation of benzylidenemalononitriles.
ABSTRACT
As a common malignant tumor among women, ovarian cancer poses a serious threat to their health. This study demonstrates that long non-coding RNA NRSN2-AS1 is over-expressed in ovarian cancer tissues using patient sample and tissue microarrays. In addition, NRSN2-AS1 is shown to promote ovarian cancer cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NRSN2-AS1 stabilizes protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) to activate the ß-catenin pathway via repressing MG-53-mediated ubiquitinated degradation of PTK2, thereby facilitating ovarian cancer progression. Rescue experiments verify the function of the NRSN2-AS1/PTK2/ß-catenin axis and the effects of MG53 on this axis in ovarian cancer cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the key role of the NRSN2-AS1/PTK2/ß-catenin axis for the first time and explores its potential clinical applications in ovarian cancer.
Subject(s)
Ovarian Neoplasms , RNA, Long Noncoding , Humans , Female , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism , Catenins/metabolism , beta Catenin/genetics , beta Catenin/metabolism , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics , Cell Movement/genetics , Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolismABSTRACT
A mild and effective method for asymmetric synthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones directly from 2-arylindoles by combining visible light photocatalysis and organocatalysis is described. In this reaction, 2-substituted indoles undergo photocatalyzed oxidative dearomatization, followed by an organocatalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction with ketones or aldehydes. Products with opposite configurations are easily obtained in satisfactory yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity by employing readily available l- and d-proline as chiral organocatalysts.
Subject(s)
Indoles/chemistry , Light , Proline/chemistry , Catalysis , Molecular Structure , Oxidation-Reduction , Photochemical Processes , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
The combination of photoredox and enzymatic catalysis for the direct asymmetric one-pot synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted indol-3-ones from 2-arylindoles through concurrent oxidization and alkylation reactions is described. 2-Arylindoles can be photocatalytically oxidized to 2-arylindol-3-one with subsequent enantioselective alkylation with ketones catalyzed by wheat germ lipase (WGL). The chiral quaternary carbon center at C2 of the indoles was directly constructed. This mode of concurrent photobiocatalysis provides a mild and powerful strategy for one-pot enantioselective synthesis of complex compounds. The experiments proved that other lipases containing structurally analogous catalytic triad in the active site also can catalyze the reaction in the same way. This reaction is the first example of combining the non-natural catalytic activity of hydrolases with visible-light catalysis for enantioselective organic synthesis and it does not require any cofactors.
Subject(s)
Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic/methods , Stereoisomerism , Catalysis , Humans , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
PROBLEM: To explore whether cervical carcinoma cell-derived interleukin-27 (IL-27) modulates the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells. METHOD OF STUDY: The expression of IL-27 in cervical cancer tissues and cervical cell lines was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and flow cytometry. Then, the effects of IL-27 on the proliferation and apoptosis-related molecules and angiogenesis in vitro of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. Finally, in vivo experiment was performed to further confirm the effects of IL-27. RESULTS: Compared with cervicitis, the cervical cancer tissues highly expressed IL-27. Both HeLa and CaSki cells secreted IL-27, and HUVECs expressed low levels of IL-27 receptors (IL-27R). However, the co-culture of cervical cell lines and HUVECs led to a significant elevation of IL-27R on HUVECs. Co-culturing with IL-27-overexpressed HeLa cells downregulated Ki-67 and Bcl-2 and upregulated Fas expression in HUVECs. In addition, overexpression of IL-27 in HeLa cells and CasKi cells secreted less IL-8 and could further restrict angiogenesis compared with control cells in vitro. In the subcutaneous tumorous model of C57/BL6 mouse, there were decreased vessel density and tumor volume when inoculation with IL-27-overexpressed TC-1 cells. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that IL-27 secreted by cervical carcinoma cells restricts the angiogenesis in a paracrine manner in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.
Subject(s)
Endothelial Cells/physiology , Interleukin-27/metabolism , Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology , Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunology , Animals , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Coculture Techniques , Female , HeLa Cells , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells , Humans , Interleukin-27/genetics , Interleukin-8/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Paracrine Communication , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , fas Receptor/metabolismABSTRACT
The granule-bound starch synthase(GBSS) is encoded by the rice Wx gene, which is the major gene for control of amylase synthesis of. This paper briefly introduced the progress in regulation of rice Wx gene expression at transcriptional level and post-transcriptional level. At the same time the influence of transgene, genetic background and temperature condition on Wx gene expression in rice was discussed. Finally some urgent questions were suggested for the further study on regulation of rice Wx gene expression.
