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1.
Neurosci Bull ; 2024 Jul 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38976218

ABSTRACT

Endocytosis is a fundamental biological process that couples exocytosis to maintain the homeostasis of the plasma membrane and sustained neurotransmission. Super-resolution microscopy enables optical imaging of exocytosis and endocytosis in live cells and makes an essential contribution to understanding molecular mechanisms of endocytosis in neuronal somata and other types of cells. However, visualization of exo-endocytic events at the single vesicular level in a synapse with optical imaging remains a great challenge to reveal mechanisms governing the synaptic exo-endocytotic coupling. In this protocol, we describe the technical details of stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging of synaptic endocytosis at the single-vesicle level, from sample preparation and microscopy calibration to data acquisition and analysis.

2.
Materials (Basel) ; 17(11)2024 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38893942

ABSTRACT

Grain boundary (GB) precipitation-induced cracking is a significant issue for S31254 super austenitic stainless steel during hot working. Investigating the deformation behavior based on precipitate morphology and distribution is essential. In this study, continuous smaller and intermittent larger precipitates were obtained through heat treatments at 950 °C and 1050 °C. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties influenced by precipitates were experimentally investigated using an in situ tensile stage inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that continuous precipitates at 950 °C had a stronger pinning effect on the GB, making grain rotation difficult and promoting slip deformation in the plastic interval. Continuous precipitates caused severe stress concentration near GB and reduced coordinated deformation ability. Additionally, the crack propagation path changed from transcrystalline to intercrystalline. Furthermore, internal precipitates were a crucial factor affecting the initial crack nucleation position. Interconnected precipitates led to an intergranular fracture tendency and severe deterioration of the material's plasticity, as observed in fracture morphology.

3.
Anal Methods ; 16(25): 4168-4177, 2024 Jun 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38874267

ABSTRACT

There is a need to develop simple and effective strategies for the rapid detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs) in order to protect the environment and human health. A simple fluorescent sensor array based on a single cucurbit[5]uril-truxene probe was proposed to simultaneously identify five HMIs (Pb2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe2+ and Fe3+). This probe was synthesized using monohydroxyl cucurbit[5]uril and monobromohexyl truxene by a substitution reaction between them. It could be observed that the fluorescence response of this synthesized probe to HMIs was closely related to the pH of the aqueous solution, exhibiting different fluorescence intensities at pH 3.0, 7.0, and 9.0. Based on this phenomenon, a fluorescent sensor array based on a single cucurbit[5]uril-truxene probe was then constructed by simply altering the pH in the sensor element. These unique fluorescence responses were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to identify metal ions. A concentration limit classification of 0.1 µM was applied to the above five HMIs. Moreover, the quantification of metal ions was implemented even at low concentrations of 48-121 nM. This array showed good results in the recognition of metal ions in real water samples (lake water and tap water samples), which shows its broad application prospects in many fields, including monitoring of the environmental water quality and so on.

4.
Front Plant Sci ; 15: 1363251, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38742211

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase (UGT) family is the largest glycosyltransferase family, which is involved in the biosynthesis of natural plant products and response to abiotic stress. UGT has been studied in many medicinal plants, but there are few reports on Platycodon grandiflorus. This study is devoted to genome-wide analysis of UGT family and identification of UGT genes involved in drought stress of Platycodon grandiflorus (PgUGTs). Methods: The genome data of Platycodon grandiflorus was used for genome-wide identification of PgUGTs, online website and bioinformatics analysis software was used to conduct bioinformatics analysis of PgUGT genes and the genes highly responsive to drought stress were screened out by qRT-PCR, these genes were cloned and conducted bioinformatics analysis. Results: A total of 75 PgUGT genes were identified in P.grandiflorus genome and clustered into 14 subgroups. The PgUGTs were distributed on nine chromosomes, containing multiple cis-acting elements and 22 pairs of duplicate genes were identified. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed to predict the interaction between PgUGT proteins. Additionally, six genes were upregulated after 3d under drought stress and three genes (PGrchr09G0563, PGrchr06G0523, PGrchr06G1266) responded significantly to drought stress, as confirmed by qRT-PCR. This was especially true for PGrchr06G1266, the expression of which increased 16.21-fold after 3d of treatment. We cloned and conducted bioinformatics analysis of three candidate genes, both of which contained conserved motifs and several cis-acting elements related to stress response, PGrchr06G1266 contained the most elements. Discussion: PgGT1 was confirmed to catalyze the C-3 position of platycodin D and only eight amino acids showed differences between gene PGr008G1527 and PgGT1, which means PGr008G1527 may be able to catalyze the C-3 position of platycodin D in the same manner as PgGT1. Seven genes were highly expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves, these genes may play important roles in the development of the roots, stems, and leaves of P. grandiflorus. Three genes were highly responsive to drought stress, among which the expression of PGrchr06G1266 was increased 16.21-fold after 3d of drought stress treatment, indicating that PGrchr06G1266 plays an important role in drought stress tolerance. To summarize, this study laied the foundation to better understand the molecular bases of responses to drought stress and the biosynthesis of platycodin.

5.
Int J Clin Exp Pathol ; 17(4): 121-136, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38716350

ABSTRACT

Yang-deficiency constitution (YADC) is linked to a higher vulnerability to various diseases, such as cold coagulation and blood stasis (CCBS) syndrome and infertility. Endometrial hyperplastic processes (EHPs) are a leading cause of infertility in women and are characterized by CCBS. However, it remains unclear whether YADC is related to the development of EHPs. METHODS: We recruited 202 EHPs patients including 147 with YADC (YEH group) and 55 with non-YADC (NYEH group). Fecal samples were collected from 8 YEH patients and 3 NYEH patients and analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing for gut microbiota analysis. We obtained constitution survey data and a differential gut microbiota dataset from the literature for further analysis. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using gut microbiota-related genes from public databases. RESULTS: YADC was significantly more prevalent in EHPs than non-YADC (P < 0.001), suggesting it as a potential risk factor for EHPs occurrence (ORpopulation survey = 13.471; ORhealthy women = 5.173). The YEH group had higher levels of inflammation, estrogen, and tamoxifen-related flora compared to NYEH and healthy YADC groups. There was an interaction between inflammation, estrogen, differential flora, and EHPs-related genes, particularly the TNF gene (related to inflammation) and the EGFR gene (related to estrogen), which may play a crucial role in EHPs development. CONCLUSION: YEH individuals exhibit significant changes in their gut microbiota compared to NYEH and healthy YADC. The interaction between specific microbiota and host genes is believed to play a critical role in the progression of EHPs.

6.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol ; 185(6): 590-599, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432201

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors in treating non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TNF-α inhibitors in the treatment of nr-axSpA. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant RCTs using specific keywords up to June 2023. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society 40% (ASAS40). Secondary outcomes included ASAS20, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 50% (BASDAI50), ASAS partial remission, and ASAS5/6. RESULTS: A total of eight RCTs involving 1,376 patients were included. Patients receiving anti-TNF therapy exhibited a higher rate of ASAS40 (pooled RR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.63-3.42; p < 0.001). In addition, the TNF-α inhibitor group showed higher BASDAI50 rates (pooled RR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.48-2.89), ASAS20 rates (pooled RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.31-1.67), ASAS partial remission rates (pooled RR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.58-3.43), and ASAS5/6 rates (RR = 3.46; 95% CI: 2.05-5.83) than the placebo group. CONCLUSION: The TNF-α inhibitors were effective in treating nr-axSpA.


Subject(s)
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Humans , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Treatment Outcome , Spondylarthritis/drug therapy , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy
7.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1302751, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38384466

ABSTRACT

Background: The infiltration and activation of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TIME) affect the prognosis of patients with cancer. Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation favors tumour- infiltrating-lymphocyte (TIL) recruitment and is regarded as an important indicator of good prognosis associated with immunotherapy in patients with tumors. Chemotherapy is currently one of the most commonly used clinical treatment methods. However, there have been no clear report to explore the effects of different types of chemotherapy on TLS formation in the TIME. This study examined the effects of immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing chemotherapeutics on immune cells, high-endothelial venules (HEV), and TLSs in mouse melanomas. Methods: Doxorubicin (an ICD inducer), gemcitabine (non-ICD inducer), and a combination of the two drugs was delivered intra-peritoneally to B16F1-loaded C57BL/6 mice. The infiltration of immune cells into tumor tissues was evaluated using flow cytometry. HEV and TLS formation was assessed using immunohistochemistry and multiple fluorescent immunohistochemical staining. Results: Doxorubicin alone, gemcitabine alone, and the two-drug combination all slowed tumor growth, with the combined treatment demonstrating a more pronounced effect. Compared with the control group, the doxorubicin group showed a higher infiltration of CD8+ T cells and tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) and an increase in the secretion of interferon-γ, granzyme B, and perforin in CD8+ T subsets and activation of B cells and dendritic cells. Doxorubicin alone and in combination with gemcitabine decreased regulatory T cells in the TIME. Moreover, doxorubicin treatment promoted the formation of HEV and TLS. Doxorubicin treatment also upregulated the expression of programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 in CD8+ T cells and programmed cell death protein ligand (PD-L)1 in tumor cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that doxorubicin with an ICD reaction promotes TLS formation and increases PD-1/PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues. The results demonstrate the development of a therapeutic avenue using combined immune checkpoint therapy.


Subject(s)
Melanoma , Tertiary Lymphoid Structures , Humans , Animals , Mice , Melanoma/drug therapy , Melanoma/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Gemcitabine , Tertiary Lymphoid Structures/pathology , Immunogenic Cell Death , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Doxorubicin/metabolism , Deoxycytidine , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism , Tumor Microenvironment
8.
BMC Neurol ; 24(1): 70, 2024 Feb 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38373967

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Identification of the causes of stroke of undetermined etiology, specifically cardioembolism (CE) and non-CE causes, can inform treatment planning and prognosis prediction. The objective of this study was to analyze the disparities in thrombus composition, particularly Semaphorin-7A (Sema7A) and CD163, between patients diagnosed with large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and those with CE, and to investigate their potential association with prognosis. METHODS: Thrombi were collected from patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy at two hospitals. The patients were categorized into two groups: LAA and CE. We compared the levels of Sema7A and CD163 between these groups and analyzed their relationships with stroke severity, hemorrhagic transformation and prognosis. RESULTS: The study involved a total of 67 patients. Sema7A expression was found to be significantly higher in the CE group compared to LAA (p < 0.001). Conversely, no statistically significant differences were observed for CD163 between the groups. The presence of Sema7A/CD163 did not show any associations with stroke severity or hemorrhagic transformation (all p > 0.05). However, both Sema7A (OR, 2.017; 95% CI, 1.301-3.518; p = 0.005) and CD163 (OR, 2.283; 95% CI, 1.252-5.724; p = 0.03) were associated with the poor prognosis for stroke, after adjusting for stroke severity. CONCLUSION: This study highlights that CE thrombi exhibited higher levels of Sema7A expression compared to LAA thrombi. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between Sema7A/CD163 levels and the poor prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke.


Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis , Ischemic Stroke , Semaphorins , Stroke , Humans , Atherosclerosis/complications , Ischemic Stroke/complications , Macrophages , Stroke/etiology , Antigens, CD
9.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv ; 21(1): 169-185, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38224039

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Exendin-4 (Ex4) is a promising drug for diabetes mellitus with a half-life of 2.4 h in human bodies. Besides, the Ex4 formulations currently employed in the clinic or under development have problems pertaining to stability. In this study, palmitic acid-modified Ex4 (Pal-Ex4) was prepared and purified to extend the half-life of Ex4. In addition, Pal-Ex4-MVLs were further designed and optimized as a long-acting delivery system for intramuscular injection. METHODS: Pal-Ex4 was encapsulated within multivesicular liposomes (MVLs) via a two-step double emulsification process. The formulated products were then assessed for their vesicle size, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Pal-Ex4-MVLs with a notable encapsulation efficiency of 99.18% were successfully prepared. Pal-Ex4-MVLs, administered via a single intramuscular injection in Sprague-Dawley rats, sustained stable plasma concentrations for 168 h, presenting extended half-life (77.28 ± 12.919 h) and enhanced relative bioavailability (664.18%). MVLs protected Ex4 through providing stable retention and slow release. This approach considerably improved the in-situ stability of the drug for intramuscular administration. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of palmitic acid modification process with MVLs provides dual protection for Ex4 and can be a promising strategy for other hydrophilic protein/polypeptide-loaded sustained-release delivery systems with high drug bioactivity.


Subject(s)
Liposomes , Palmitic Acid , Rats , Animals , Humans , Exenatide , Injections, Intramuscular , Delayed-Action Preparations , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
10.
Nat Neurosci ; 27(2): 272-285, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38172439

ABSTRACT

The central mechanisms underlying pain chronicity remain elusive. Here, we identify a reciprocal neuronal circuit in mice between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that mediates mutual exacerbation between hyperalgesia and allodynia and their emotional consequences and, thereby, the chronicity of neuropathic pain. ACC glutamatergic neurons (ACCGlu) projecting to the VTA indirectly inhibit dopaminergic neurons (VTADA) by activating local GABAergic interneurons (VTAGABA), and this effect is reinforced after nerve injury. VTADA neurons in turn project to the ACC and synapse to the initial ACCGlu neurons to convey feedback information from emotional changes. Thus, an ACCGlu-VTAGABA-VTADA-ACCGlu positive-feedback loop mediates the progression to and maintenance of persistent pain and comorbid anxiodepressive-like behavior. Disruption of this feedback loop relieves hyperalgesia and anxiodepressive-like behavior in a mouse model of neuropathic pain, both acutely and in the long term.


Subject(s)
Neuralgia , Ventral Tegmental Area , Mice , Animals , Gyrus Cinguli , Hyperalgesia , Feedback , Dopaminergic Neurons/physiology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
11.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 257(Pt 1): 128617, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38070802

ABSTRACT

The WRKY family of transcription factors (TFs) is an important gene family involved in abiotic stress responses. Although the roles of WRKY TFs in plant abiotic stress responses are well studied, little is known about the stress-induced changes in WRKY family in Platycodon grandiflorus. 42 PgWRKY genes in seven subgroups were identified in the P. grandiflorus genome. The content of eight platycodins in P. grandiflorus was investigated under cold, heat, and drought stresses. Platycodin D levels significantly increased under three abiotic stresses, while the content changes of other platycodins varied. Transcriptome analysis showed that different WRKY family members exhibited varied expression patterns under different abiotic stresses. PgWRKY20, PgWRKY26, and PgWRKY39 were identified as three key candidates for temperature and drought stress responses, and were cloned and analysed for sequence characteristics, gene structure, subcellular localisation, and expression patterns. The RT-qPCR results showed that PgWRKY26 expression significantly increased after heat stress for 48 h, cold stress for 6 h, and drought stress for 2 d (DS_2 d). The PgWRKY39 expression level significantly increased at DS_2 d. This study provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the molecular mechanism of the abiotic stress responses of the WRKY gene family in P. grandiflorus.


Subject(s)
Platycodon , Platycodon/genetics , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/genetics , Genome, Plant , Cold-Shock Response , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Phylogeny , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
12.
Planta ; 258(6): 115, 2023 Nov 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37943378

ABSTRACT

MAIN CONCLUSION: Two trans-isopentenyl diphosphate synthase and one squalene synthase genes were identified and proved to be involved in the triterpenoid biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus. Platycodon grandiflorus is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. The main bioactive compounds of P. grandiflorus are triterpenoid saponins. The biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid saponins in P. grandiflorus has been preliminarily explored. However, limited functional information on related genes has been reported. A total of three trans-isopentenyl diphosphate synthases (trans-IDSs) genes (PgFPPS, PgGGPPS1 and PgGGPPS2) and one squalene synthase (SQS) gene (PgSQS) in P. grandiflorus were screened and identified from transcriptome dataset. Subcellular localization of the proteins was defined based on the analysis of GFP-tagged. The activity of genes was verified in Escherichia coli, demonstrating that recombinant PgFPPS catalysed the production of farnesyl diphosphate. PgGGPPS1 produced geranylgeranyl diphosphate, whereas PgGGPPS2 did not exhibit catalytic activity. By structural identification of encoding genes, a transmembrane region was found at the C-terminus of the PgSQS gene, which produced an insoluble protein when expressed in E. coli but showed no apparent effect on the enzyme function. Furthermore, some triterpenoid saponin synthesis-related genes were discovered by combining the component content and the gene expression assays at the five growth stages of P. grandiflorus seedlings. The accumulation of active components in P. grandiflorus was closely associated with the expression level of genes related to the synthesis pathway.


Subject(s)
Platycodon , Saponins , Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase/genetics , Platycodon/genetics , Escherichia coli/genetics , Saponins/genetics
13.
Molecules ; 28(22)2023 Nov 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38005365

ABSTRACT

We utilized a first-principle density functional theory for a comprehensive analysis of CsPbX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) to explore its physical and chemical properties, including its mechanical behavior, electronic structure and optical properties. Calculations show that all four materials have good stability, modulus of elasticity, hardness and wear resistance. Additionally, CsPbX3 demonstrates a vertical electron leap and serves as a semiconductor material with direct band gaps of 3.600 eV, 3.111 eV, 2.538 eV and 2.085 eV. In examining its optical properties, we observed that the real and imaginary components of the dielectric function exhibit peaks within the low-energy range. Furthermore, the dielectric function gradually decreases as the photon energy increases. The absorption spectrum reveals that the CsPbX3 material exhibits the highest UV light absorption, and as X changes (with the increase in atomic radius within the halogen group of elements), the light absorption undergoes a red shift, becoming stronger and enhancing light utilization. These properties underscore the material's potential for application in microelectronic and optoelectronic device production. Moreover, they provide a theoretical reference for future investigations into CsPbX3 materials.

14.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 102(42): e35536, 2023 Oct 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37861490

ABSTRACT

There is growing evidence that the prevalence of high blood pressure is increasing, and it may have serious consequences. However, research on the prevalence and influencing factors of high blood pressure among primary and secondary school students is still relatively scarce. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of high blood pressure among primary and secondary school students in Shenyang, in order to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and management of this disease. From April to May 2020, 4892 students aged 7 to 17 years were selected as the survey subjects, and on-site physical measurements and questionnaire surveys were conducted. The prevalence of high blood pressure was described. Restricted cubic spline was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between sleep duration, BMI and the risk of high blood pressure. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. Multiplicative and additive models were used to analyze the interaction between sleep duration and BMI. The results showed that the overall prevalence of high blood pressure among students aged 7 to 17 years in Shenyang was 9.9%, with a higher prevalence in females than males (12.1% vs 7.9%) and in urban areas than suburban areas (11.8% vs 7.7%). The prevalence was lowest in students with normal weight (8.3%) and highest in those who were obese (12.5%). The prevalence fluctuated to some extent among different age groups, but overall, it increased with age, with the lowest prevalence in primary school students (7.0%), 11.4% in mild school students, and the highest prevalence of 14.3% in high school students. Multivariable analysis showed that the risk of high blood pressure in female students was 1.90 times higher than that in male students (95% CI: 1.54-2.35), and the risk in suburban areas was 0.65 times lower than that in urban areas (95% CI: 0.52-0.81). Students with a BMI ≥ 21 kg/m2 had a 1.58 times higher risk than those with a BMI < 21 kg/m2(95% CI: 1.28-1.96), while those with a sleep time ≥ 8 hours had a 0.80 times lower risk than those with a sleep time < 8 hours (95% CI: 0.65-0.99). Exercise can significantly reduce the risk of high blood pressure, while using electronic devices for more than 0.5 hours significantly increases the risk of high blood pressure. BMI and sleep duration have no interaction effect on the risk of high blood pressure. To reduce the prevalence of high blood pressure, students should reduce the use of electronic devices, ensure adequate exercise, maintain a reasonable weight, and ensure sufficient sleep.


Subject(s)
Hypertension , Sleep , Humans , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , China/epidemiology , Students , Hypertension/epidemiology
15.
PLoS One ; 18(9): e0291754, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37733793

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies demonstrated that elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level is associated with adverse clinical outcomes of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Researchers hypothesized that BNP might be a potential neuroprotective factor against cerebral ischemia because of the antagonistic effect of the natriuretic peptide system on the renin-angiotensin system and regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. However, whether decreasing the BNP level can improve the prognosis of ACI has not been studied yet. The main effect of sacubitril/valsartan is to enhance the natriuretic peptide system. We investigated whether the intervention of plasma BNP levels with sacubitril/valsartan could improve the prognosis of patients with ACI. METHODS: In a randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial of patients with ACI within 48 hours of symptom onset and need for antihypertensive therapy, patients have randomized within 24 hours to sacubitril/valsartan 200mg once daily (the intervention group) or to conventional medical medication (the control group). The primary outcome was a change in plasma BNP levels before and after sacubitril/valsartan administration. The secondary outcomes included plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Corin and neprilysin (NEP) before and after medication, the modified Rankin scale, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (at onset, at discharge, 30 days, and 90 days after discharge). RESULTS: We evaluated 80 eligible patients admitted to the Stroke Center of Lianyungang Second People's Hospital between 1st May, 2021 and 31st June, 2022. Except for 28 patients excluded before randomization and 14 patients who did not meet the criteria or dropped out or lost to follow-up during the trial, the remaining 38 patients (intervention group: 17, control group: 21) had well-balanced baseline features. In this trial, we found that plasma BNP levels (P = 0.003) decreased and NEP levels (P = 0.006) increased in enrolled patients after treatment with sacubitril/valsartan. There were no differences in plasma BDNF and Corin levels between the two groups. Furthermore, no difference in functional prognosis was observed between the two groups (all P values>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sacubitril/valsartan reduced endogenous plasma BNP levels in patients with ACI and did not affect their short-term prognosis.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia , Stroke , United States , Humans , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain , Prognosis , Cerebral Infarction/drug therapy , Acute Disease
16.
Foods ; 12(18)2023 Sep 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37761136

ABSTRACT

The acid-induced gelation of pectin in potato cell walls has been gradually recognized to be related to the improvement in the cell wall integrity after heat processing. The aim of this study was to characterize the acid-induced gelation of original pectin from a potato cell wall (OPP). Rheological analyses showed a typical solution-sol-gel transition process of OPP with different additions of gluconic acid-δ-lactone (GDL). The gelation time (Gt) of OPP was significantly shortened from 7424 s to 2286 s. The complex viscosity (η*) of OPP gradually increased after 4000 s when the pH was lower than 3.13 and increased from 0.15 to a range of 0.20~6.3 Pa·s at 9000 s. The increase in shear rate caused a decrease in η, indicating that OPP belongs to a typical non-Newtonian fluid. Furthermore, a decrease in ζ-potential (from -21.5 mV to -11.3 mV) and an increase in particle size distribution (from a nano to micro scale) was observed in OPP after gelation, as well as a more complex (fractal dimension increased from 1.78 to 1.86) and compact (cores observed by cryo-SEM became smaller and denser) structure. The crystallinity of OPP also increased from 8.61% to 26.44%~38.11% with the addition of GDL. The above results call for an investigation of the role of acid-induced OPP gelation on potato cell walls after heat processing.

17.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao ; 34(6): 1509-1516, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37694412

ABSTRACT

To understand carbon sequestration capacity of grasslands, the changes of CO2 flux in Xilinhot grasslands and the influence of environmental factors were analyzed by using the eddy data of Xilinhot National Climate Observatory in 2018-2021, and the distribution of flux source areas was analyzed. The results showed that the southwest wind prevailed in the study area throughout the year, the source area in the growing season was larger than that in the non-growing season, and the source area under stable atmospheric conditions was larger than that under unstable conditions. The maximum length of source region with a contribution rate of 90% was close to 400 m, which was consistent with the length estimated by the classical law. The net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of Xilinhot grasslands had obvious diurnal and seasonal dynamics, which was manifested as a carbon sink in the daytime and a carbon source at night during the growing season and weak carbon source in the non-growing season. From 2018 to 2021, the annual total NEE were -15.59, -46.28, -41.94, and -78.14 g C·m-2·a-1, respectively, with an average value of -45.49 g C·m-2·a-1, indicating that Xilinhot grassland had strong carbon sequestration capacity. Vapor pressure deficit and photosynthetically active radiation helped grasslands absorb atmospheric CO2. At night, when temperature was above 0 ℃, the increases in air and soil temperature promoted vegetation respiration to release CO2.


Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide , Ecosystem , Grassland , China , Carbon
18.
Biomater Sci ; 11(19): 6619-6634, 2023 Sep 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37608695

ABSTRACT

Cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy has great potential; however, the vaccines have been hindered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, dual-responsive PEG-lipid polyester nanoparticles (PEG BR647-NPs) for tumor-targeted delivery were proposed. PEG BR647-NPs containing the model tumor-associated antigen (TAA) OVA and the signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA were delivered to the tumor. The PEG BR647-NPs were internalized by tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs), where the TAA and siRNA were released into the cytoplasm via the endo/lysosome escape effect. The released OVA was presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I to activate T cells, and the released STAT3 siRNA acted to relieve TADC dysfunction, promote TADC maturation, improve antigen-presenting ability, and enhance anticancer T cell immunity. Meanwhile, the PEG BR647-NPs were ingested by tumor cells, killing them by the pro-apoptosis effect of STAT3 siRNA. Moreover, PEG BR647-NPs could reduce the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumors and abrogate immunosuppression. The integration of relieved TADC dysfunction, promoted TADC maturation, enhanced antigen cross-presentation, abrogated immunosuppression, and improved pro-apoptosis effect boosted the vaccination for tumor immunotherapy. Thus, PEG BR647-NPs efficiently delivered the vaccine and STAT3 siRNA to the tumor and modulated immunosuppressive TME, thus providing better antitumor effects.


Subject(s)
Nanoparticles , Neoplasms , Humans , RNA, Small Interfering , Polyesters/pharmacology , Tumor Microenvironment , Dendritic Cells , Neoplasms/pathology , Antigens, Neoplasm , Immunotherapy , Antigen Presentation , Lipids
19.
BMC Geriatr ; 23(1): 484, 2023 08 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37563583

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: DRP1 and OPA1 play important roles in mitochondrial fusion and fission. However, the role of DRP1 and OPA1 amplification in mitochondrial cognitive impairment has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DRP1 and OPA1 and the risk of cognitive impairment. METHODS: In this study, 45 elderly patients with diabetes admitted to the Lianyungang Second People's Hospital from September 2020 to January 2021 were included. The patients were divided into normal group, mild cognitive impairment group and dementia group by using MMSE score, and the clinical characteristics of the three groups were compared. The amplification multiples of the two genes' DNA were calculated by ΔΔCT and defined as 2- K. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the DNA amplification multiples of patients' DRP1 and OPA1 and AD8 and MoCA scores. The sensitivity and specificity of DNA amplification multiples of DRP1 and OPA1 to predict clinical outcomes of diabetic cognitive impairment were evaluated using Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between DNA amplification factor of DRP1 and OPA1 and cognitive function. RESULTS: DRP1(2- K) and OPA1(2- K) significantly increased and decreased in dementia and MCI groups compared with the normal group (P ≤ 0.001). The DNA amplification factor of DRP1 was positively correlated with AD8 score and negatively correlated with MoCA score (P < 0.001). The DNA amplification factor of OPA1 was positively correlated with the MoCA score (P = 0.0002). Analysis of ROCs showed that the DNA amplification factor of OPA1 had a higher predictive value for dementia (P < 0.0001), and that it had a higher predictive value when used in combination with DRP1. Multiple logistic regression results showed that increased DNA amplification in DRP1 was associated with increased risk of dementia (OR 1.149;95%CI,1.035-1.275), and increased DNA amplification in OPA1 was associated with decreased risk of MCI (OR 0.004;95%CI,0.000-0.251) and dementia (OR 0.000;95%CI,0.000-0.134). CONCLUSION: DNA amplification multiples of DRP1 and OPA1 are associated with the risk of dementia in elderly patients and may serve as potential biomarkers.


Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Dementia , Diabetes Mellitus , GTP Phosphohydrolases , Utrophin , Aged , Humans , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , DNA , Early Diagnosis , GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics , Mitochondrial Dynamics/genetics , Utrophin/genetics
20.
Int Wound J ; 20(9): 3760-3767, 2023 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37287429

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of local wound infiltration anaesthesia on postoperative wound pain in patients undergoing open liver resection. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Wanfang databases were searched. The search period spanned from database creation to December 2022. All relevant studies on local wound infiltration anaesthesia for analgesia after hepatectomy were included. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of each study. Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for the meta-analysis, in which 12 studies with 986 patients were included. The results show that local wound infiltration anaesthesia effectively reduced surgical site wound pain at 4 h (mean difference [MD]: -1.26, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: -2.15 to -0.37, P = .005), 12 h (MD: -0.84, 95% CIs: -1.26 to -0.42, P < .001), 24 h (MD: -0.57, 95% CIs: -1.01 to -0.14, P = .009) and 48 h (MD: -0.54, 95% CIs: -0.81 to -0.26, P < .001) postoperatively; however, there was no significant difference in analgesia at 72 h postoperatively (MD: -0.10, 95% CIs: -0.80 to 0.59, P = .77). These findings suggest that local wound infiltration anaesthesia administered to patients undergoing open liver resection provides good postoperative wound analgesia at the surgical site.


Subject(s)
Hepatectomy , Pain, Postoperative , Humans , Hepatectomy/adverse effects , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Pain Management , China
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