[Developing traditional medical heritage for further achievements in medical history and literature research-Commemorating the establishment of China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature in the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine].

The Institute of Chinese Medical History and Literature in the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was officially established on May 28, 1982. Its predecessor was the Medical History Research Office in the Chinese Medicine Institute of the Central Institute of Health, the Editorial Office of the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the Theory and Literature Research Office of the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Before that, the Research Office of Chinese Medical History and Literature in the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was established in 1971. It made remarkable achievements in scientific research, personnel training and discipline construction in terms of medical history and literature. It was upgraded to the Institute with the approval of the Ministry of Health in 1980. After its establishment, the institute has benefited from great achievements.

[Reanalysis on the Preface of Medical Classics and Classical Prescriptions in Hanshu Yiwenzhi].

Hanshu Yiwenzhi is the earliest comprehensive catalogue of medical books in China, in which FangJi Lue was divided into four categories: "Medical Classics", "Classical Prescriptions", "Fangzhong" and "Shenxian". This paper reanalysed the preface contents of "Medical Classics" and "Classical Prescriptions", and found that the differences between the two sections focused on the definitions of disease treatment and standpoints. "Medical Classics" refers to people who suffered from diseases, but "Classical Prescriptions" refers to the disease which people suffered. This means "Medical Classics" focuses on the human body, but "Classical Prescriptions" centres on diseases.

[Tour of the History Exhibition Hall of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences: To commemorate the 65th anniversary of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences].

In 2015, 60th anniversary of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CACMS), the History Exhibition Hall of it was opened to the public. The History Exhibition Hall collecting 29504 pages of documents, and 26386 pictures, 1050 materials, reveal the history of founding and development of CACMS. 2020 is the 65th anniversary of CACMS. Taking the 87 groups representative collections as examples, briefly review the development history of CACMS from five aspects: figures, scientific research, medical treatment, education and industry.

Evidence for a high prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsial infections in diverse ecologic zones of Inner Mongolia.

A 3-year study of spotted fever group rickettsial ecology in Inner Mongolia revealed that nearly half of the human population tested had antibodies to Rickettsia sibirica detected by complement fixation test. Infected persons, ticks and a high proportion of seropositive livestock and wild rodents were found in all five vegetation zones (desert, steppe, forest, forest-grassland and grassland).

Endothelium-dependent effects of cigarette smoke components on tone of porcine intrapulmonary arteries in vitro.

The acute effects of cigarette smoking on the pulmonary vasculature are poorly understood--both vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive effects have been described. To investigate the mechanisms involved, strips of pig intrapulmonary arteries with and without intact endothelium were exposed to an extract of cigarette smoke made by bubbling smoke through phosphate-buffered saline. After contraction with norepinephrine (2.5 X 10(-7) M), smoke extract (concentration range 0.001 to 0.5%) caused a biphasic response in strips with intact endothelium--relaxation at lower concentrations and contraction at higher concentrations. Both relaxation and contraction responses were absent in strips without endothelium. Blockade of muscarinic, beta adrenergic, serotonergic, and histamine type 1 and 2 receptors did not alter the effects. Indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) M) or acetylsalicylic acid (10(-4) M) blocked the relaxation but not contraction effects of smoke extract, suggesting that relaxation was due to cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid. Nicotine caused endothelium-dependent contraction of intrapulmonary arteries and the contractile effects of both nicotine and smoke extract were blocked by hexamethonium (10(-6) M). However, the contractile effects of cigarette smoke components are more potent than those of nicotine. These findings help explain previously described acute effects of smoking on the pulmonary vasculature and provide insight into the mechanisms involved.

Analysis of mutagenic nitroarenes in carbon black by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method was developed for the analysis of mutagenic nitroarenes in carbon black. The procedure included extraction, pre-separation column chromatography on silica gel, and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a diode-array detector. Different solvents, such as dichloromethane, benzene, toluene, and chlorobenzene were used for the extraction of carbon black. It was found that chlorobenzene yielded the highest amount of extracted material. The pre-separation, the optimization of the HPLC separation, the selection of detection wavelengths, and the calibration curve are discussed. 3-Nitro-9-fluorenone was detected in a treated carbon black, which is used for making carbon ink. The identification of peaks in the sample chromatograms was confirmed by comparing the retention time and the UV spectra with those of standards.