Distribution of Microbiota in Fine Particulate Matter Particles in Guangzhou, China.

OBJECTIVE: High PM 2.5 concentration is the main feature of increasing haze in developing states, but information on its microbial composition remains very limited. This study aimed to determine the composition of microbiota in PM 2.5 in Guangzhou, a city located in the tropics in China. METHODS: In Guangzhou, from March 5 th to 10 th, 2016, PM 2.5 was collected in middle volume air samplers for 23 h daily. The 16S rDNA V4 region of the PM 2.5 sample extracted DNA was investigated using high-throughput sequence. RESULTS: Among the Guangzhou samples, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant microbiota accounting for more than 90% of the total microbiota, and Stenotrophomonas was the dominant gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 21.30%-23.57%. We examined the difference in bacterial distribution of PM 2.5 between Beijing and Guangzhou at the genus level; Stenotrophomonas was found in both studies, but Escherichia was only detected in Guangzhou. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the diversity and specificity of microbial components in Guangzhou PM 2.5 were studied, which may provide a basis for future pathogenicity research in the tropics.

Association Between SLC30A8 rs13266634 Polymorphism and Risk of T2DM and IGR in Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Published data regarding the association between solute carrier family 30, member 8 (SLC30A8) rs13266634 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) risks in Chinese population are in-consistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between SLC30A8 rs13266634 and T2DM/IGR in a Chinese population. Material and Methods: Three English (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) and three Chinese databases (Wanfang, CNKI, and CBMD database) were used for searching articles from January 2005 to January 2018. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated with the random-effect model. Trial sequential analysis was also utilized. Results: Twenty-eight case-control studies with 25,912 cases and 26,975 controls were included for SLC30A8 and T2DM. Pooled risk allele C frequency for rs13266634 was 60.6% (95%CI: 59.2-62.0%) in the T2DM group and 54.8% (95%CI: 53.2-56.4%) in the control group which had estimated OR of 1.23 (95%CI: 1.17-1.28). Individuals who carried major homozygous CC and heterozygous CT genotype were at 1.51 and 1.23 times higher risk of T2DM, respectively, than those carrying minor homozygous TT. The most appropriate genetic analysis model was the co-dominant model based on comparison of OR1, OR2 and OR3. Five articles that involved 4,627 cases and 6,166 controls were included for SLC30A8 and IGR. However, no association was found between SLC30A8 rs13266634 and IGR (C vs. T, OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.98-1.30, p = 0.082). TSA revealed that the pooled sample sizes of T2DM exceeded the estimated required information size but not the IGR. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis demonstrated that SLC30A8 rs13266634 was a potential risk factor for T2DM, and more studies should be performed to confirm the association between rs13266634 polymorphism and IGR.

Putative model based on iTRAQ proteomics for Spirulina morphogenesis mechanisms.

The morphology of Spirulina during cultivation is susceptible to external interferences, but the morphogenesis mechanism is still unclear. Here the proteomic changes of linear Spirulina and spiral Spirulina were comparatively investigated via isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Totally 165 and 167 differences in proteins expression were screened out from the TJSD2/TJSD3 and TJBC4-1/TJBC4-2 groups, respectively. Gene ontology and metabolic pathway analysis of differences in proteins expression uncovered the metabolic pathways (photosynthesis, carbon fixation, sugar metabolism) that were significantly enriched with the proteins correlated with Spirulina morphogenesis. The results of differences in proteins expression in metabolic pathway were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. We also built a putative model of Spirulina morphogenesis mechanism and thought multiple metabolic pathways interact and take part in Spirulina morphogenesis.

[Investigation on the fabrication and spectrum properties of Yb3+ -doped silicate laser glasses].

Two kinds of Yb3+ doped silicate laser glass with little difference were produced by high temperature of melting process. The absorption and emission spectra of the two glass samples were tested by the correlative spectrographs; the integral absorption cross section, stimulated emission cross section, fluorescence line-width, fluorescence lifetime, least particle count, saturation pump intensity and least pump intensity of the Yb3+ -doped laser glasses were calculated respectively, and by comparison it was found that the chart of the absorption cross section is similar to the stimulated emission cross section calculated by the reciprocity method, and is very different from the stimulated emission cross section calculated by the Fuchbauer-Ladenburger method. This result is precisely in line with the theoretical analysis. The line-types of the absorption spectra of the two glass samples are almost the same, and the first peak value of absorption is located at 975 nm while the second peak value is at 908 nm. As the two components of the samples are not very different, the accord of the line-types of the absorption spectra indicates that the makeup of the glass material is the primary factor influencing the line-type of the absorption spectra. The fluorescence spectra of the two glass samples are very different, and the first fluorescence peak value of sample one is located at 993 nm with the second peak value at 1029 nm, while the first fluorescence peak value of sample two is located at 1 035 nm with the second peak value at 994 nm. The cause of the major difference in the fluorescence spectra of two samples lies in the different doping density of Yb3+. By comparison we found that the laser performance of sample two is better than that of sample one. The test shows that both samples are suitable for drawing fiber.