Genetic polymorphism of HPA1-17 alloantigen system in the Achang and Jingpo populations population in Yunnan.

BACKGROUND: Human platelet alloantigen (HPA) is part of the platelet membrane structure, named HPA1- 17 system. This study aimed to investigate platelet alloimmunity in the Achang and Jingpo population, ethnic minority specific, to establish a typed platelet donor data bank in Yunnan's ethnic minority areas. METHODS: In this study, samples from 139 unrelated healthy cases from the Achang population, 148 cases of the Jingpo population, and 150 healthy cases from Yunnan's Han population were collected as a control. PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) methods were respectively adopted to genotype HPA-1-17. The frequency of genes and genotypes was calculated separately, and the frequency distribution of alleles in the Achang population was compared with that of the Han population. RESULTS: Monomorphic HPA-7-14 and HPA-16 and 17 were found in the samples from the Han population, while HPA-b was not found in any of these samples. In HPA-1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, aa homozygosity was predominant. Monomorphic HPA-7, HPA-9-14 and HPA-16 were found in the samples from the Achang population, while HPA-b was not found. In HPA-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 17, aa homozygosity was predominant. The genotype results of the HPA-4, 7, HPA9-12, HPA14, 16-17 antigen systems in the Jingpo population were all aa, while the HPA-b was not detected. In HPA-1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 13, aa homozygosity was predominant. HPA-3, 15 showed the greatest heterozygosity among the three populations. The frequency of HPA-1a in the Achang population in Yunnan was significantly different from that in the Han population (P<0.05). There was no difference in the HPA system of the Jingpo population, but the HPA-2a system was different between the Achang and Jingpo populations (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In Yunnan, the distribution of the allele polymorphism of HPA-1-17 in the Achang and Jingpo population is similarly distributed to that in the Han population and exhibits their own characteristic. Therefore, a database of platelet donor typing of the ethnic group should be established.

Evaluation of Daphne genkwa diterpenes: fingerprint and quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography.

Daphne genkwa contains a novel class of anticancer diterpene esters that inhibit DNA topoisomerase I. Fingerprint and quantitative analysis by HPLC were performed in order to characterise and evaluate D. genkwa. A standard fingerprint of Daphne diterpene esters from the root extract was first established by HPLC-UV, and the major peaks in the fingerprint profile were preliminarily determined using HPLC-MS. The principal Daphne diterpene esters, yuanhuacine (1), yuanhuadine (2), yuanhuajine (3) and yuanhuagine (4), were isolated and identified using a combination of UV, IR, MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. Quantitative analysis indicated that 1 was the principal component in the root, and that 2 was the major component in the buds. The average extraction rates of 1 and 2 were 0.0151 and 0.0033% (n=10) from the root, respectively, and 0.0020 and 0.0078% (n=3) from the buds, respectively.