Evaluation of the rate of anterior segment retraction in orthodontic patients with bimaxillary protrusion using friction vs frictionless mechanics: a single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of friction vs frictionless mechanics on the rate of anterior segment retraction (ASR) in patients with bimaxillary protrusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty females (18.3 ± 3.7 years) with bimaxillary protrusion were randomly allocated into the friction group, using elastomeric power chains, and the frictionless group, using T-loop springs for ASR. Eligibility criteria included absence of skeletal discrepancies and any systemic diseases or medications, among others. Randomization in a 1:1 ratio was generated by Microsoft Excel. Opaque sealed envelopes were sequentially numbered for allocation concealment. Only blinding of the outcome assessor was applicable. Activations were done every 4 weeks until completion of ASR. The primary outcome was the rate of ASR measured on digital models. Anchorage loss, molar rotation, and pain experienced were also assessed. RESULTS: Two patients were lost to follow-up. The rate of ASR was 0.68 ± 0.18 mm/mo in the friction group vs 0.88 ± 0.27 mm/mo in the frictionless group, with no significant difference. A significant difference in anchorage loss of 1.63 mm and molar rotation of 7.06° was observed, being higher in the frictionless group. A comparable pain experience associated with both mechanics was reported. CONCLUSIONS: No difference in the rate of ASR or pain experience was observed between friction and frictionless mechanics. However, extra anchorage measures should be considered when using frictionless mechanics as greater anchorage loss and molar rotations are anticipated.

[Sulfasalazine neurotoxicity]. / Neurotoxicité à la sulfasalazine.

We report a case of seizures with acute encephalopathy in a female patient under sulfasalazine treatment for polyarthritis. Neurotoxicity secondary to sulfasalazine was suspected. This side effect has seldom been reported in the literature.

Mixed Candida glabrata and Candida albicans disseminated candidiasis in a heroin addict.

The case of a white-heroin addict who developed disseminated candidiasis following coinfection by Candida glabrata and Candida albicans is reported. Genomic random amplified polymorphic DNA typing suggested that the Candida glabrata blood isolates originated in the oral cavity of the patient. This case strengthens the evidence that Candida species other than Candida albicans can be involved in the pathogenesis of disseminated candidiasis in heroin addicts.

Unusual presentation of a tuberculous peritonitis in a patient with concomitant AIDS and liver cirrhosis.

We report a case of tuberculous peritonitis in a patient with concomitant HIV infection and liver cirrhosis. A 50-year-old man with viral B and delta liver cirrhosis and AIDS was diagnosed with spontaneous Escherichia coli peritonitis and successfully treated with beta-lactamins. Three months later, ascites reappeared and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in peritoneal fluid cultures. The triple antituberculosis regimen was adjusted to his level of liver failure but the patient died of hepatic encephalopathy. Concomitant HIV infection and liver cirrhosis favour tuberculous peritonitis but they also make its diagnosis extremely difficult. Considering the poor prognosis of this infection when untreated, tuberculous peritonitis should be systematically suspected in such patients.

[Management of patients with pain in the right iliac fossa and human immunodeficiency virus infection]. / Conduite à tenir devant une douleur de la fosse iliaque droite chez un patient infecté par le virus d'immunodéficience humaine (VIH).

Pain in the right iliac fossa in a patient infected with HIV raises several questions which can mislead or delay diagnosis leading to increased morbidity and mortality. We report 3 cases selected because of the difficulties encountered in diagnosis or treatment and review the literature on the topic in an attempt to develop a management strategy for such patients.

Microbiological findings about pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in two AIDS patients.

There is no known treatment for pulmonary cryptosporidiosis, a rare complication of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients. We report two cases of cryptosporidiosis which were unusual because (i) extracellular invasive forms of the parasite were found in the bronchoalveolar lavage and (ii) the outcome was favorable in one patient after treatment with azithromycin.

[Dysphagia with fever revealing mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis. Apropos of 2 cases]. / Dysphagie avec fièvre révélant une tuberculose ganglionnaire médiastinale. A propos de 2 cas.

The oesophagus is a rare localization of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We report 2 cases of tuberculous mediastinal lymph nodes revealed by dysphagia and fever in immunocompetent subjects. With the actual outbreak of tuberculosis, this localization is worth mentioning, as the precocity of the diagnosis and the therapeutic handling is an important prognostic factor.