ABSTRACT
Infection by human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) remains a potent threat to susceptible people throughout the world. We have discovered a series of imidazolyl-pyrimidine compounds, which were found to be irreversible inhibitors of the hCMV UL70 primase based on results from radiolabeling and SAR studies. Two promising analogs are described that rival ganciclovir and cidofovir in antiviral potency and possess improved cytotoxicity profiles.
Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus/drug effects , Cytomegalovirus/enzymology , DNA Primase/antagonists & inhibitors , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/chemical synthesis , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Cell Line , DNA Primase/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Humans , Molecular Structure , Pyrimidines/chemistry , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The requirements for dentists in Lebanon for the year 2015 were estimated using the World Health Organization/World Dental Federation planning model. The aim was to help decision- and policy-makers in Lebanon to plan strategically for the supply of dental personnel in line with the recommendations of the Oral Health National Plan guidelines from 1995. Assumptions based on previous research in selected populations were taken to support the simulation. The number of dentists required for Lebanon in the year 2015 was estimated to be 2715 while the projected supply will be 6176. Urgent measures are needed to reduce the potential oversupply of dentists in this country.
Subject(s)
Dental Health Services , Dental Staff/supply & distribution , Dentists/supply & distribution , Health Planning/organization & administration , Needs Assessment/organization & administration , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Decision Making, Organizational , Dental Health Services/trends , Dental Health Surveys , Dental Staff/trends , Dentists/trends , Forecasting , Guideline Adherence , Guidelines as Topic , Health Policy , Health Services Research , Humans , Infant , Lebanon , Middle Aged , Personnel Staffing and Scheduling/organization & administration , Policy Making , Workforce , WorkloadABSTRACT
The requirements for dentists in Lebanon for the year 2015 were estimated using the World Health Organization/World Dental Federation planning model. The aim was to help decision- and policy-makers in Lebanon to plan strategically for the supply of dental personnel in line with the recommendations of the Oral Health National Plan guidelines from 1995. Assumptions based on previous research in selected populations were taken to support the simulation. The number of dentists required for Lebanon in the year 2015 was estimated to be 2715 while the projected supply will be 6176. Urgent measures are needed to reduce the potential oversupply of dentists in this country
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Decision Making, Organizational , Dental Health ServicesSubject(s)
Arsenic/pharmacokinetics , Dentists , Mercury/pharmacokinetics , Occupational Exposure , Adult , Age Factors , Arsenic/analysis , Female , Hair/chemistry , Humans , Lebanon , Male , Mercury/analysis , Middle Aged , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
A series of potent and selective factor Xa inhibitors was synthesized using various readily available amino acids as central templates. The most potent compound displays IC(50) of 3 nM.
Subject(s)
Factor Xa Inhibitors , Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Drug Design , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Models, Molecular , Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Little is known about Lebanese college students' oral hygiene and the factors associated with how often they brush their teeth. The authors used a structured questionnaire to investigate these issues in a sample of 954 new students at the American University of Beirut in fall 1998. The results indicated poor flossing habits and unfavorable dietary habits among the group. Moreover, using logistic regression analysis, they found that variables such as gender, father's education, exercise, and dietary habits, were significantly correlated with the how frequently the students brushed their teeth. Appropriate promotional activities to improve flossing and dietary habits associated with better oral hygiene are recommended. In addition, the authors call for further research to elaborate on the deficiencies in oral health practices and explore a wider variety of lifestyle behaviors and their correlation.
Subject(s)
Health Behavior , Life Style , Oral Hygiene , Students/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Lebanon , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Risk , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
A series of glycolic and mandelic acid derivatives was synthesized and investigated for their factor Xa inhibitory activity. These analogues are highly potent and selective inhibitors against fXa. In a rabbit deep vein thrombosis model, compound 26 showed significant antithrombotic effects (81% inhibition of thrombus formation) at 1.1 microM plasma concentration following intravenous administration.
Subject(s)
Acetanilides , Amidines/chemistry , Amidines/pharmacology , Factor Xa Inhibitors , Mandelic Acids/chemistry , Phenylacetates/chemistry , Phenylacetates/pharmacology , Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Amidines/chemical synthesis , Animals , Biological Availability , Blood Coagulation Tests , Drug Design , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Fibrinolysin/antagonists & inhibitors , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Injections, Intravenous , Phenylacetates/chemical synthesis , Rabbits , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Structure-Activity Relationship , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of a Lebanese adult population. DESIGN: An epidemiological survey of 401 Lebanese adults aged 35-44 years was carried out in 1996. It followed the WHO methodology in assessing the oral health status and treatment needs of adult populations. A structured questionnaire and a standardised oral health exam were used for the investigation. RESULTS: Showed that the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index was 16.3 and that 1.5 per cent of the sample had a DMFT score of zero, whereas, 55 per cent had a score of less than 4. Of the 401 subjects, 24 per cent had at least one bridge and 16 per cent had a removable prosthesis. Compared to other neighbouring countries, Lebanon ranked the highest in the DMFT index and its separate components. Close to 60 per cent of the sample was in need of operative treatment, 31 per cent needed tooth extraction and 60 per cent were in need of a crown or a bridge. Significant variations were observed in the oral health status as well as treatment needs of the sample when examining gender, socio-economic status, and place of residence differences. CONCLUSION: This study can be used as a stepping stone in the direction of building the base of knowledge on oral health in Lebanon. The planning and implementation of any strategy for oral health status improvement is crucial, alongside the country's infrastructure development.
