ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Propofol and midazolam are the main options for moderate sedation in clinical practice. In addition, these drugs are used to reduce intracranial pressure in cases of intracranial hypertension, and their use in these situations is guided by limited evidence. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of propofol and midazolam on intracranial pressure wave morphology in moderate sedation in patients undergoing upper digestive endoscopy. METHODS: Sixty patients were included in this study, being divided into two groups, propofol and midazolam group. Intracranial pressure was monitored during and after upper digestive endoscopy, using non-invasive monitoring equipment developed by the company Brain4care. Arterial pressure was measured before and after the exam. RESULTS: The propofol group had lower intracranial pressure (p=0.037) during moderate sedation compared to intracranial pressure after endoscopy and a significant decrease in systolic (p=0.0001) and diastolic pressure (p=0.001) after sedation. Midazolam, on the other hand, reduced systolic pressure (p=0.001), but didn't change the other parameters after the procedure. There wasn't a significant difference between the propofol and midazolam groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the groups studied, however, analyses within the propofol and midazolam groups indicate that propofol, but not midazolam, causes changes in intracranial pressure in moderate sedation.
INTRODUÇÃO: O propofol e o midazolam são as principais opções para sedação moderada na prática clínica. Além disso, esses medicamentos são usados para reduzir a pressão intracraniana em casos de hipertensão intracraniana e seu uso nessas situações é orientado por evidências limitadas. OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos do propofol e do midazolam na morfologia da curva de pressão intracraniana na sedação moderada em pacientes submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta. MÉTODOS: Sessenta pacientes foram incluídos nesse estudo, sendo divididos em dois grupos: propofol e midazolam. A pressão intracraniana foi monitorada durante e após a endoscopia digestiva alta, usando um equipamento de monitoramento não invasivo desenvolvido pela empresa Brain4care. A pressão arterial foi medida antes e depois do exame. RESULTADOS: O grupo do propofol apresentou pressão intracraniana mais baixa (p=0,037) durante a sedação moderada em comparação com a pressão intracraniana após a endoscopia, e uma diminuição significativa na pressão sistólica (p=0,0001) e diastólica (p=0,001) após a sedação. O midazolam, por outro lado, reduziu a pressão sistólica (p=0,001), mas não alterou os outros parâmetros após o procedimento. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos propofol e midazolam. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos estudados; entretanto, as análises dentro dos grupos de propofol e midazolam indicam que apenas o propofol causa alterações na pressão intracraniana em sedação moderada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Midazolam , Intracranial Pressure/drug effects , Propofol , Conscious Sedation , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Receptors, GABA-AABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Among the complications related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), those of a neurological nature stand out, and for a better quality of life for patients, the diagnosis and treatment of these complications is fundamental. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of hemodialysis on intracranial pressure waveform (ICPw) in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis and those who are not yet undergoing substitutive therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational study was conducted in two stages at a kidney replacement therapy center in Brazil. The first was a longitudinal study and the second was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Forty-two patients on hemodialysis were included in the first stage of the study. In the second stage, 226 participants were included. Of these, 186 were individuals with chronic kidney disease (who were not undergoing substitutive therapy), and 40 did not have the disease (control group). The participants' intracranial compliance was assessed using the non-invasive Brain4care method, and the results were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis groups, with the former having better ICPw conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis influenced the improvement in ICPw, probably due to the decrease in the patients' extra-and intracellular volumes. Furthermore, ICPw monitoring can be a new parameter to consider when defining the moment to start substitutive therapy.
ABSTRACT
Biomarcadores de inflamação derivados do hemograma como a razão neutrófilos/linfócitos (NLR), a razão plaquetas/linfócitos (PLR), a razão neutrófilos/plaquetas (NPR) e o índice de inflamação imune sistêmico (SII) já foram investigados como preditores de prognóstico de doenças inflamatórias sistêmicas, cardiovasculares, malignas, etc., e com a ocorrência da pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, também passaram a ser estudadas como biomarcadores de interesse nessa doença. Objetivo: Comparar retrospectivamente o valor dessas 4 razões hematimétricas durante os dois anos da pandemia (2020-2021), com o período anterior (os anos de 2018-2019), em uma população de pacientes doentes renais em hemodiálise. Métodos: Esta pesquisa foi submetida ao Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (CEP-UEPG) e foi aprovada sob o número do parecer 5.024.864. Foram incluídos pacientes tratados no setor de Terapia Renal Substitutiva do Hospital Santa Casa de Ponta Grossa durante os anos 2018 2021, com n amostral de 155 pacientes. A coleta dos dados se baseou na consulta de prontuários eletrônicos. O valor das razões NLR, NPR, PLR e SII foram calculados a partir da contagem dos neutrófilos, linfócitos e plaquetas dos hemogramas, considerou-se um hemograma a cada trimestre nesse intervalo de 4 anos. Como a normalidade dos dados não foi atestada, seguiu-se a metodologia não-paramétrica, o valor de α foi fixado em 0,05. Resultados: O teste de Skillings-Mack apresentou um valor de p-simulado significativo (< 2.2e-16) na comparação de cada uma das quatro razões. Na análise post-hoc, as comparações trimestrais das medianas do SII, não apresentaram diferença significativa, as razões PLR, NPR e NLR apresentaram respectivamente, duas, três e seis, comparações com diferenças significativas. Conclusão: Houve comparações com diferenças significativas pontuais, não houve um aumento geral no valor das razões SII, PLR, NPR e NLR durante o período de pandemia (2020 - 2021) entre os pacientes em hemodiálise.
Complete blood count derived inflammation biomarkers such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/platelet ratio (NPR) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) have already been investigated as predictors of prognosis of systemic inflammatory, cardiovascular, malignant diseases, etc., and with the imminent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, they also began to be studied as biomarkers of interest in this disease. Objective: To retrospectively compare the value of these 4 hematimetric ratios during the two years of the pandemic (2020-2021), with the previous period (2018-2019), in a population of kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This research was submitted to the Ethics and Research Committee of the State University of Ponta Grossa (CEP-UEPG) and was approved under protocol number 5.024.864. Patients treated in the Renal Replacement Therapy sector of Hospital Santa Casa de Ponta Grossa during the years 2018 2021 were included, with a sample size of 155 patients. Data collection was based on consultation of electronic medical records. The value of the NLR, NPR, PLR and SII ratios were calculated from the count of neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets in the blood counts, considering one blood count every quarter in this 4-year interval. As the normality of the data was not attested, the non-parametric methodology was followed, the value of α was set at 0.05. Results: The Skillings-Mack test showed a significant simulated p-value (< 2.2e-16) when comparing each of the four ratios. In the post-hoc analysis, the quarterly comparisons of the SII medians did not show a significant difference, the PLR, NPR and NLR ratios showed two, three and six comparisons with significant differences, respectively. Conclusion: There were comparisons with significant specific differences, there was no general increase in the value of the SII, PLR, NPR and NLR ratios during the pandemic period (2020 - 2021) among hemodialysis patients.
Los biomarcadores de inflamación derivados del hemograma, como el índice de neutrófilos/linfocitos (NLR), el índice de plaquetas/linfocitos (PLR), el índice de neutrófilos/plaquetas (NPR) y el índice de inflamación inmune sistémica (SII), ya se han investigado como predictores del pronóstico de enfermedades sistémicas. enfermedades inflamatorias, cardiovasculares, malignas, etc., y con la inminente pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 también comenzaron a estudiarse como biomarcadores de interés en esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Comparar retrospectivamente el valor de estos 4 ratios hematimétricos durante los dos años de la pandemia (2020-2021), con el período anterior (2018-2019), en una población de pacientes con enfermedad renal en hemodiálisis. Métodos: Esta investigación fue presentada al Comité de Ética e Investigación de la Universidad Estadual de Ponta Grossa (CEP-UEPG) y fue aprobada con el dictamen número 5.024.864. Se incluyeron pacientes atendidos en el sector de Terapia de Reemplazo Renal del Hospital Santa Casa de Ponta Grossa durante los años 2018 2021, con un tamaño de muestra de 155 pacientes. La recolección de datos se basó en la consulta de historias clínicas electrónicas. El valor de los índices NLR, NPR, PLR y SII se calcularon a partir del recuento de neutrófilos, linfocitos y plaquetas en los hemogramas, considerando un hemograma cada trimestre en este intervalo de 4 años. Como no se comprobó la normalidad de los datos, se siguió la metodología no paramétrica, fijándose el valor de α en 0,05. Resultados: La prueba de Skillings-Mack mostró un valor p-simulado significativo (< 2,2e-16) al comparar cada una de las cuatro proporciones. En el análisis post-hoc, las comparaciones trimestrales de las medianas del SII no mostraron diferencia significativa, los ratios PLR, NPR y NLR presentaron, respectivamente, dos, tres y seis comparaciones con diferencias significativas. Conclusión: Hubo comparaciones con diferencias específicas significativas, no hubo un aumento general en el valor de los índices SII, PLR, NPR y NLR durante el período pandémico (2020 - 2021) entre los pacientes en hemodiálisis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Blood Cell Count , COVID-19 , Retrospective Studies , Diabetes Mellitus , Observational Studies as Topic/methods , Electronic Health Records/statistics & numerical data , Hypertension , NephrosclerosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Among the complications related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), those of a neurological nature stand out, and for a better quality of life for patients, the diagnosis and treatment of these complications is fundamental. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of hemodialysis on intracranial pressure waveform (ICPw) in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis and those who are not yet undergoing substitutive therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational study was conducted in two stages at a kidney replacement therapy center in Brazil. The first was a longitudinal study and the second was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Forty-two patients on hemodialysis were included in the first stage of the study. In the second stage, 226 participants were included. Of these, 186 were individuals with chronic kidney disease (who were not undergoing substitutive therapy), and 40 did not have the disease (control group). The participants' intracranial compliance was assessed using the non-invasive Brain4care method, and the results were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis groups, with the former having better ICPw conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis influenced the improvement in ICPw, probably due to the decrease in the patients' extra-and intracellular volumes. Furthermore, ICPw monitoring can be a new parameter to consider when defining the moment to start substitutive therapy.