Construction of a Multi-Indicator Model for Abscess Prediction in Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis Using Inflammatory Indicators.

Background: Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a chronic inflammatory breast disease, and abscess formation is a common complication of GLM. The process of abscess formation is accompanied by changes in multiple inflammatory markers. The present study aimed to construct a diagnosis model for the early of GLM abscess formation based on multiple inflammatory parameters. Methods: Based on the presence or absence of abscess formation on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 126 patients with GLM were categorised into an abscess group (85 patients) and a non-abscess group (41 patients). Demographic characteristics and the related laboratory results for the 9 inflammatory markers were collected. Logistics univariate analysis and collinearity test were used for selecting independent variables. A regression model to predict abscess formation was constructed using Logistics multivariate analysis. Results: The univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the N, ESR, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-α were independent diagnostic factors of abscess formation in GLM (P<0. 05). The nomogram was drawn on the basis of the logistics regression model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.890, which was significantly better than that of a single indicator and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were high (81.2% and 85.40%, respectively). These results predicted by the model were highly consistent with the actual diagnostic results. The results of this calibration curve indicated that the model had a good value and stability in predicting abscess formation in GLM. The decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated a satisfactory positive net benefit of the model. Conclusion: A predictive model for abscess formation in GLM based on inflammatory markers was constructed in our study, which may provide a new strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of the abscess stage of GLM.

Anti-Aging Drugs and the Related Signal Pathways.

Aging is a multifactorial biological process involving chronic diseases that manifest from the molecular level to the systemic level. From its inception to 31 May 2022, this study searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases to identify relevant research from 15,983 articles. Multiple approaches have been employed to combat aging, such as dietary restriction (DR), exercise, exchanging circulating factors, gene therapy, and anti-aging drugs. Among them, anti-aging drugs are advantageous in their ease of adherence and wide prevalence. Despite a shared functional output of aging alleviation, the current anti-aging drugs target different signal pathways that frequently cross-talk with each other. At present, six important signal pathways were identified as being critical in the aging process, including pathways for the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nutrient signal pathway, silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), regulation of telomere length and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), and energy metabolism. These signal pathways could be targeted by many anti-aging drugs, with the corresponding representatives of rapamycin, metformin, acarbose, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), lithium, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), respectively. This review summarized these important aging-related signal pathways and their representative targeting drugs in attempts to obtain insights into and promote the development of mechanism-based anti-aging strategies.

Comparison of Lower and Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Graft: A Retrospective Clinical Analysis with 5-Year Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND: For patients in whom an upper extremity (UE) vascular access cannot be established, the lower extremity (LE) arteriovenous graft (AVG) could be selected. However, the application of LE AVG is limited owing to its high infection rate, uncertain patency time, and technical difficulties. This study aimed to compare the long-term patency rates and the incidence of vascular access complications of AVG in the LE and UE to provide a reference for the applications of AVG, especially in the LEs. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of patients who successfully underwent LE or UE AVG placement from March 2016 to October 2021. Patient characteristics were collected and compared using parameter or nonparameter tests according to data type. Postoperative patency was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier test. Postoperative complication incidence density and intergroup comparison were estimated using the Poisson distribution. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with LE AVG and 120 patients with UE AVG were included. The 1-year primary patency rate was 67.4% (±11.0% standard error [SE]) in the LE group and 30.1% (±4.5% SE) in the UE group (P = 0.031). The assisted primary patency rate at postoperative months 12, 24, and 36 was respectively 78.6% (±9.6% SE), 65.5% (±14.4% SE), and 49.1% (±17.8% SE) in the LE group and 63.3% (±4.6% SE), 47.5% (±5.4% SE), and 30.4% (±6.1% SE) in the UE group (P = 0.137). The secondary patency rate at postoperative months 12, 24, and 36 remains 95.5% (±4.4% SE) in the LE group and 89.3% (±2.9% SE), 83.7% (±3.9% SE), and 73.0% (±6.2% SE), respectively, in the UE group (P = 0.200). Postoperative complications included stenosis, occlusion/thrombosis, infection, steal syndrome, pseudoaneurysm, severe postoperative serum swelling, and AVG exposure. The total incidence rates of postoperative complications were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-1.23) versus 1.61 (95% CI 1.45-1.79) (P = 0.001) cases/person-year, the incidence rates of stenosis were 0.45 (95% CI 0.26-0.73) versus 0.92 (95% CI 0.80-1.06) (P = 0.005) cases/person-year and the incidence rates of occlusion/thrombosis were 0.34 (95% CI 0.17-0.59) versus 0.62 (95% CI 0.52-0.74) cases/person-year in the LE group compared to those in the UE group (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: LE AVG had higher primary patency rate and lower postoperative complication incidence than UE AVG. With the development of interventional technology, both LE AVG and UE AVG exhibited high secondary patency rates. LE AVG can be a reliable and long-term alternative for appropriately selected patients with unusable UE vessels.

Immune characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis in early-stage NSCLC.

PURPOSE: Tumor metastasis significantly impacts the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, with lymph node (LN) metastasis being the most common and early form of spread. With the development of adjuvant immunotherapy, increasing attention has been paid to the tumor-draining lymph nodes（TDLN) in early-stage NSCLC, especially tumor-metastatic lymph nodes, which provides poor prognostic information but has potential benefits in adjuvant treatment. METHODS: We showed the remodeled immune environment in TDLNs through using TCR-seq to analyse 24 primary lung cancer tissues and 134 LNs from 24 lung cancer patients with or without LN metastasis. Additionally, we characterized the spatial profiling of immunocytes and tumor cells in TDLNs and primary tumor sites through using multi-IHC. RESULTS: We found the remodeled immune environment in TDLNs through analyzing primary lung cancer tissues and LNs from NSCLC patients with or without LN metastasis. Considering the intricate communication between tumor and immunocytes, we further subdivided TDLNs, revealing that metastasis-negative LNs from LN-metastatic patients (MNLN) exhibited greater immune activation, exhaustion, and memory in comparison to both metastasis-positive LNs (MPLN) and TDLNs from non-LN-metastatic patients (NMLN). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that LN metastasis facilitated tumor-specific antigen presentation in TDLNs and induces T cell priming, while existing tumor cells generate an immune-suppressive environment in MPLNs through multiple mechanisms. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the immunological mechanisms through which LN metastasis influences tumor progression and plays a role in immunotherapy for NSCLC patients.

Tumor malignancy by genetic transfer between cells forming cell-in-cell structures.

Cell-in-cell structures (CICs) refer to a type of unique structure with one or more cells within another one, whose biological outcomes are poorly understood. The present study aims to investigate the effects of CICs formation on tumor progression. Using genetically marked hepatocellular cancer cell lines, we explored the possibility that tumor cells might acquire genetic information and malignant phenotypes from parental cells undergoing CICs formation. The present study showed that the derivatives, isolated from CICs formed between two subpopulations by flow cytometry sorting, were found to inherit aggressive features from the parental cells, manifested with increased abilities in both proliferation and invasiveness. Consistently, the CICs clones expressed a lower level of E-cadherin and a higher level of Vimentin, ZEB-1, Fibronectin, MMP9, MMP2 and Snail as compared with the parental cells, indicating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Remarkably, the new derivatives exhibited significantly enhanced tumorigenicity in the xenograft mouse models. Moreover, whole exome sequencing analysis identified a group of potential genes which were involved in CIC-mediated genetic transfer. These results are consistent with a role of genetic transfer by CICs formation in genomic instability and malignancy of tumor cells, which suggest that the formation of CICs may promote genetic transfer and gain of malignancy during tumor progression.

Effect of Neoadjuvant Therapy on the Functional Outcome of Patients With Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

AIMS: The impact of neoadjuvant therapy on the functional outcome of patients with resectable rectal cancer is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of neoadjuvant therapy on anorectal function (ARF), urinary function and sexual function in relevant patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically. All English-language studies, published from January 2000 to July 2021, that explored the (postoperative) effects of neoadjuvant therapy versus upfront surgery on ARF, urinary function and sexual function of patients were included (PROSPERO 2021: CRD42021281617). RESULTS: The data in this study were derived from 37 articles based on 33 studies; in total, 17 917 patients were enrolled. The meta-analysis revealed that the incidence of anorectal dysfunction in the neoadjuvant therapy group was significantly higher than that in the group of upfront surgery, which was manifested by a higher incidence of major low anterior resection syndrome (odds ratio = 3.09, 95% confidence interval = 2.48, 3.84; P < 0.001), reduction of mean squeeze pressure and mean resting pressure, and other manifestations, including clustering of stools, incontinence, urgency and use of pads. With the extension of follow-up time, the adverse effects of neoadjuvant therapy on major low anterior resection syndrome existed. Compared with patients undergoing upfront surgery, neoadjuvant therapy increased the risk of urinary incontinence (odds ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.00, 1.72; P = 0.05) and erectile dysfunction (odds ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.27, 2.45; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with upfront surgery, neoadjuvant therapy is not only associated with impairment of ARF, but also with increased incidence of urinary incontinence and male erectile dysfunction. However, the influence of confounding factors (e.g. surgical method, tumour stage) needs to be considered.

The safety of sotagliflozin in the therapy of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: A meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem, and it has become a shocking threat in the contemporary era. The objective of this study was to analyze the safety of sotagliflozin in patients with DM systematically and intuitively. Methods: On November 15, 2021, literature retrieval was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane libraries. The meta-analysis results included genital mycotic infection, related-to-acidosis events, and other related adverse events, including diarrhea, severe nocturnal hypoglycemia event, and volume depletion. In addition, a subgroup analysis was also conducted based on different doses of sotagliflozin. Moreover, the patient-treated years analyzed in the study were 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 52 weeks, respectively, for type 1 diabetes, and were 12 weeks, 22 weeks, and 52 weeks, respectively, for type 2 diabetes. Results: The results of this meta-analysis illustrated that sotagliflozin could increase the risk of genital mycotic infection for patients with T1D and T2D (RR: 3.49, 95% Cl: 2.54-4.79, p < 0.001; RR: 2.83, 95% Cl: 2.04-3.93, p < 0.001; respectively). In addition, the subgroup analysis showed that the drug doses that could increase the risk of genital mycotic infection were 400 mg and 200 mg (RR: 3.63, 95% Cl: 2.46-5.36, p < 0.001; RR: 3.21, 95% Cl: 1.84-5.62, p < 0.001; respectively) in T1D. Moreover, sotagliflozin could increase the risk of events related to acidosis in the patients of T1D, including acidosis-related adverse events, positively adjudicated diabetic ketoacidosis, acidosis-related event, and diabetic ketoacidosis (RR: 7.49, 95% Cl: 3.20-17.52, p < 0.001; RR: 6.05, 95% Cl: 2.56-14.30, p < 0.001; RR: 4.83, 95% Cl: 3.13-7.45, p < 0.001; RR: 8.12, 95% Cl: 3.06-21.52, p < 0.001; respectively). In the patients of T2D, sotagliflozin could not increase the risk of DKA (RR: 1.30, 95% Cl: 0.34-4.99, p = 0.70). About serious of acidosis-related adverse events, positively adjudicated diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and acidosis-related event, the included studies were not reported for T2D patients. As for the other related adverse events, sotagliflozin was found to be a risk factor for diarrhea and volume depletion in T1D patients (RR: 1.44, 95% Cl: 1.09-1.90, p = 0.01; RR: 2.50, 95% Cl: 1.33-4.69, p < 0.01; respectively) and T2D patients (RR: 1.44, 95% Cl: 1.26-1.64, p < 0.001; RR: 1.25, 95% Cl: 1.07-1.45, p < 0.01; respectively). Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that the adverse events of sotagliflozin were tolerable to patients with DM, in terms of the incidence of genital mycotic infection, related-to-acidosis events, diarrhea, volume depletion, and severe nocturnal hypoglycemia events. In addition, the subgroup analysis of sotagliflozin dosage is considered to have great clinical significance for future guidance of sotagliflozin application in patients with DM.

Analysis of Teaching Strategies of College English Speculative Reading Based on Big Data Analysis of Student Behavior in Cross-Cultural Education Environment.

Both dynamic and interactive, cross-cultural education emphasizes respect, interaction, and understanding between various cultural groups. Its fundamental principle is to acknowledge and value cultural diversity while opposing attempts to artificially unite cultures in order to recognise the equality and common heritage of all cultures. The goal of intercultural education, from an individual's perspective, is to support those who are educated in understanding, accepting, and respecting other foreign cultures in order to better adapt to and thrive in a multicultural society. To develop students' intercultural communication skills is the goal of intercultural education. Based on the associations between intercultural education and speculative reading, this essay analyzes the crucial role that intercultural English teaching and speculative reading instruction play in colleges and universities before going over the situation and approaches that English speculative reading instruction is currently facing. This paper primarily discusses the data on students from the student work management system, the relationship between grades and actual behavior, and the rules that are mined to provide a scientific basis for decision-making for the relevant units in colleges and universities. According to experimental analysis, the data mining algorithm in this paper performs better than the other two in terms of predicting students' English achievement, with an average accuracy of 0.86 compared to 0.71, 0.075, and 0.73 for the other three algorithms. The decision tree created using this methodology can quantitatively reflect the impact of different teaching factors on learning quality and offers a clear and reliable foundation for formulating targeted improvement strategies.

Establishment and Application of a Quantitative PCR Method for E248R Gene of African Swine Fever Virus.

ASF has caused huge economic losses to China's swine industry. As clinical symptoms of ASF were difficult to distinguish from classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), rapid and effective differential diagnosis of ASFV seems very important to control the spread of the disease. In this study, the ASFV E248R gene was selected to be the target for establishing a real-time PCR method. TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of ASFV E248R gene did not cross-react with other porcine viruses that could cause similar symptoms. The results of the repeatability test showed that the coefficients of variation between and within groups were lower than 1.977%. This method can be used for the rapid detection and early diagnosis of ASF. Meanwhile, the recombinant PRRS virus (PRRSV)-expressing E248R gene of ASFV was constructed and rescued by using the reverse genetic platform of live-attenuated PRRSV vaccine. The ASFV E248R gene can be detected by using this real-time PCR detection method, confirming that the ASFV E248R gene could be stably amplified in PRRSV genome at least 20 cell passages. The detection methods can be used for the efficient detection of the ASFV infection and recombinant PRRSV live vector virus-expressing ASFV antigen protein.

Comparison of hybrid coronary revascularization versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are widely used in the treatment of coronary heart disease, but the best revascularization method for multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) patients is still controversial. Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR), together with CABG and PCI, have been proved to be feasible methods, but the long-term effect of HCR is not as clear as CABG. METHOD: By October 2020, we retrieved articles from PubMed, Web of science, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. The main results are based on major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE). RESULT: A total of 18 articles (3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 15 observational studies) were included in this meta-analysis. The outcomes of MACCE in the HCR group at perioperative, short-term (30 days to 1 year), medium-term (1 year to 5 years) and long-term (5 years and above) follow-up period were similar to those in the CABG group. The mortality rates of patients in perioperative, short-term and medium-term follow-up were similar to those in the CABG group, but lower than that in the CABG group at long-term follow-up (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.18-0.69, p = 0.002). The revascularization rate was higher in the HCR group during the perioperative period (OR = 3.50, 95% CI 2.07-5.94, p < 0.001), short-term (OR = 3.28, 95% CI 1.62-6.64, p < 0.001) and mid-term follow-up (OR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.64-4.92, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that HCR is a safe and therapeutically effective alternative in treatments for MVD patients. It has not only less short-term adverse effect, but also better long-term effect, especially in death.

Choroidal Vascularity Index Assessment: A Potential Noninvasive Technique for Diagnosing Diabetic Nephropathy.

AIMS: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 117 patients with proteinuria and diabetes mellitus (DM) in which 45 patients were diagnosed with DN by renal pathology. Demographic information, clinical features, and laboratory data were collected. A total of 234 eyes underwent evaluation of DR and the CVI using enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography scans. We analyzed the association between the CVI and DN and compared the CVI and DR for diagnosing DN using area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs). RESULTS: The severe nonproliferative DR and proliferative DR groups showed a lower CVI than the no DR and mild/moderate nonproliferative DR groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). There was a significantly lower CVI in patients with DN stage III (63.01% ± 1.47%) compared with those in DN stages IIa (62.1% ± 1.41%, P < 0.001) and IIb (59.85% ± 1.98%, P < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of the CVI for diagnosing DN were 84% (71%-94%) and 95% (88%-99%), respectively, which were preferable to those of DR. The AUROCs for the CVI and DR for diagnosing DN were 0.932 and 0.831, respectively. The CVI outperformed DR for diagnosing DN (P < 0.05). The cutoff value of the CVI was 63.13%. CONCLUSION: The CVI might be a reliable noninvasive technique for predicting the pathological stage of DN and is superior to DR in diagnosing DN.

Long-Term Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer/Esophagogastric Junction Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been defined as any preoperative chemotherapy scheme aiming to reduce tumor staging and to control preoperative micrometastasis, which has been extensively used as a treatment for resectable gastric cancer. However, its effect on the long-term survival of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC) or esophagogastric junction cancer (EGC) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at investigating the long-term efficacy of NAC in locally AGC/EGC. METHODS: The following databases were searched for articles published from their inception to April 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 19 articles were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 4,446 patients. The results showed that NAC increased the patients' 3-year OS (HR: 0.56, 95% CI, 0.21 - 0.91, p < 0.001), 3-year PFS (HR: 0.76, 95% CI, 0.66 - 0.87, p < 0.001), 5-year OS (HR: 0.71, 95% CI, 0.64 - 0.78, p < 0.001), and 5-year PFS (HR: 0.70, 95% CI, 0.61 - 0.79, p < 0.001). Besides, subgroup analysis showed that Asian countries have benefited significantly from NAC (HR: 0.65, 95% CI, 0.55 - 0.74, p < 0.001), and other countries have also benefited (HR: 0.79, 95% CI, 0.68 - 0.89, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery alone, NAC can improve the long-term survival outcomes (OS and PFS) of patients with resectable AGC or EGC.

High-intensity focused ultrasound alone or combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with unsuitable indications for hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation: a phase II clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) alone or combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but were contraindicated for hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). METHODS: Patients between 20 and 80 years of age with 1-3 foci of HCC were selected. Included patients have had primary or recurrent liver lesions with no evidence of extra-hepatic metastasis prior to the study. Patients were treated with ultrasound-guided HIFU alone or HIFU combined with TACE (treated with TACE once within 4 weeks prior to receiving HIFU). RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled, for a total of 45 lesions. The 2-year local control (LC) rate was 73.0% and the median LC time was 22 months. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 29.7% and the median PFS time was 9 months. Finally, the 2-year overall survival (OS) was 70.3%, and the median OS time was 24 months. The most common adverse events (AEs) were elevated liver enzymes, followed by fatigue, and pain, no grade 4 AEs or death occurred. Multivariate analysis showed that age, Child-Pugh class, and the number of tumors were independent prognostic factors for PFS and that the AFP levels and the number of tumors were significantly correlated with the OS. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the HIFU/HIFU combined with TACE treatment is safe, and is capable of achieving both a good LC rate and a considerably good prognosis. The procedure should be considered for patients who were deemed unsuitable for other local treatments.

Effect of artificial intelligence-aided colonoscopy for adenoma and polyp detection: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether artificial intelligence (AI) improves colonoscopy outcome metrics i.e. adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR). METHODS: Two authors independently searched Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library to find all published research before July 2021 that has compared AI-aided colonoscopy with routine colonoscopy (RC) for detection of adenoma and polyp. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 10 RCTs with 6629 individuals in AI-aided (n = 3300) and routine (n = 3329) groups. The results showed that both ADR (RR, 1.43; P < 0.001) and PDR (RR, 1.44; P < 0.001) using AI-aided endoscopy were significantly greater when compared with RC. The adenomas detected per colonoscopy (APC) (WMD, 0.25; P = 0.009), polyps detected per colonoscopy (PPC) (WMD, 0.52; P < 0.001), and sessile serrated lesions detected per colonoscopy (SSLPC) (RR, 1.53; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the AI-aided group compared with the RC group. Subgroup analysis based on size, location, and shape of adenomas and polyps demonstrated that, except for in the cecum and pedunculated adenomas or polyps, the AI-aided groups of the other subgroups are more advantageous. Withdrawal time was longer in the AI-aided group when biopsies were included, while withdrawal time excluding biopsy time showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: AI-aided polyp detection system significantly increases lesion detection rate. In addition, lesion detection by AI is hardly affected by factors such as size, location, and shape.

Comparison of gastrojejunostomy to endoscopic stenting for gastric outlet obstruction: An updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the optimal intervention modality for malignant GOO by comparing clinical outcomes after Gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic stenting. METHODS: Two authors independently searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles before February 2021 to compare the clinical outcomes of GOO patients undergoing GJ or ES. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 31 articles with 2444 GOO patients. Although the GJ group outperformed the ES group in technical success (OR,3.79; P = 0.003), clinical success was not significantly different between the two groups (OR,1.25; P = 0.50). The GJ group had a longer hospitalization, lower re-obstruction and lower reintervention. Moreover, GJ had a better survival than ES in the gastric cancer group (HR, 0.33; P = 0.009). However, no significant statistical difference was observed in the pancreatic cancer group (HR, 0.55; P = 0.159). CONCLUSIONS: Both GJ and ES are safe and effective intervention modalities for malignant GOO. GJ had significantly improved survival in gastric cancer patients with GOO, while no significant difference was observed between the two groups in pancreatic cancer patients with GOO.

Identification of one novel epitope targeting p54 protein of African swine fever virus using monoclonal antibody and development of a capable ELISA.

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most lethal viral diseases affecting both domestic pigs and wild boars. The acute infection of the ASF disease in domestic pigs leads to a 100% mortality rate with symptoms including high fever, vascular changes, cyanosis of the skin. Until now, there are no commercial vaccines and antiviral drugs available for ASF control. Therefore, the spread of ASF poses great economic losses to the pig industry and the ecosystems in the affected countries. A rapid and capable method was urgently needed to monitor ASFV-specific antibodies for controlling the spread of ASFV. In this study, we obtained one strain of monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the p54 protein of ASFV, and the target epitope of the mAb was determined to be 175YTHKDLENSL184. The experimental results demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody could successfully recognize the exogenously expressed p54 protein and the chimeric virus constructed in our laboratory. The mAb could be used as a detection tool for the development of ASF vaccine strains. In addition, the ELISA established by using the obtained synthetic epitope peptide as the antigen had high sensitivity, good specificity and showed the great potential for ASF epidemic monitoring and control.

The Efficacy and Safety of Additional Anti-HER2-Targeting Drugs in the Treatment of HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: HER2-positive breast cancer patients account for one-fifth of the total breast cancer population. Besides, more anti-HER2-targeting drugs have appeared clinically. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of additional anti-HER2 (Human Epidermal growth Factor Receptor 2)-targeting drugs in the treatment of HER2-positive advanced breast cancers. METHODS: The following databases were searched for published articles containing data on the efficacy and safety of additional anti-HER2-targeting drugs in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer from the time of their inception until December 2019: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library. The primary outcomes were Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). RESULTS: The additional anti-HER2-targeting drugs significantly improved the PFS (HR: 0.66, p<0.001) and OS (HR: 0.77, p<0.001) of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients. Regarding drug types, lapatinib was the most effective (HR: 0.53, 95% Cl: 0.39-0.67, p<0.001), followed by pertuzumab (HR: 0.72, 95% Cl: 0.55-0.89, p=0.001). Trastuzumab was the least beneficial (HR: 0.87, 95% Cl: 0.31-1.44, p=0.594). Concerning treatment regimen, first-line treatment (HR: 0.67, 95% Cl: 0.52-0.82, p<0.001) was more effective than non-first-line treatment (HR: 0.82, 95% Cl: 0.71-0.94, p=0.004). The main Adverse Events (AEs) observed were diarrhea and decreased ejection fraction. CONCLUSION: Additional anti-HER2-targeting drugs can improve long-term prognosis in HER2-positive advanced breast cancers. Besides, they are associated with fewer AEs and are tolerable. Lapatinib is the most effective drug, followed by pertuzumab, whereas trastuzumab is the least effective. Concerning treatment, we recommend the use of anti-HER2-targeting drugs in first-line therapy of HER2-positive advanced breast cancers.

HIFU for the treatment of difficult colorectal liver metastases with unsuitable indications for resection and radiofrequency ablation: a phase I clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) but were contraindicated for resection and radiofrequency ablation. METHODS: Patients between 20 and 80 years of age with 1-3 liver metastases from colorectal cancer were selected. Included patients have had their primary lesions removed with no evidence of extrahepatic metastasis prior to the study. Ultrasound-guided HIFU was employed and target regions' ablation was achieved with repeated sonications from the deep to shallow regions of the tumors section by section. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were enrolled. The most common adverse events (AEs) were pain (n = 8), followed by fatigue (n = 7), increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (n = 7), increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (n = 5), and skin edema (n = 4). No grade ≥ 3 AEs occurred and while most patients (76.9%) achieved a complete response, three patients achieved a partial response. The objective response rate was 100% after the first HIFU treatment. Nine patients relapsed but the tumors were mostly isolated to the liver (8/9). The median follow-up period was 25 months. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.7%, and the median PFS was 9 months. Notably, the 2-year overall survival (OS) was 77.8%, and the median OS was 25 months. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the HIFU treatment is safe, is able to achieve a good tumor response rate and long-term prognosis even when the foci were in high-risk locations, and should be considered for patients who were considered unsuitable for other local treatments.

A Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Posterior Circulation Stroke after Mechanical Thrombectomy.

BACKGROUND: Posterior circulation stroke is characterized by poor prognosis because its optimal thrombolysis "time window" is always missed. After mechanical thrombectomy (MT), the recanalization rate of posterior circulation obstruction is significantly increased, but prognosis remains poor. To best manage patients, prognostic factors are needed to inform MT triaging after posterior circulation stroke. METHODS: A systematic literature search was done for the period through April 2020. Studies included those with posterior circulation stroke cases that underwent MT. The primary outcome measure in this study was the modified Rankin Scale on day 90. RESULTS: No outcome differences were found in gender, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and coronary artery disease (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.90-1.28; OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.82-1.26; OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.94-1.68; and OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.58-1.22, respectively). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and previous stroke correlated with poorer prognosis (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48-0.77; OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.50-0.73; and OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55-0.99, respectively). However, hyperlipidemia correlated with better prognosis (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.58). CONCLUSION: Our analysis indicates that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or previous stroke correlate with poorer outcomes. Intriguingly, hyperlipidemia correlates with better prognosis. These factors may help inform triage decisions when considering MT for posterior circulation stroke patients. However, large, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these observations.

Differences in the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on gut hormones: systematic and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) procedures are becoming more popular in the world of bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates how LSG and LRYGB affect gut hormones and examines their differences. SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database before April 2020. RESULTS: We included 53 articles in our meta-analysis. After bariatric surgery, the patients' ghrelin, fasting acyl-ghrelin, fasting peptide YY (PYY), and their AUC in the LSG group were significantly lower than those in LRYGB group. Fasting ghrelin levels were significantly reduced in patients who received LSG. After LRYGB, the postoperative fasting PYY was higher than at baseline, and the results were statistically significant. Additionally, we found an increase in fasting ghrelin levels after LRYGB. Lastly, insulin levels were both reduced after LSG and LRYGB with no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of gut hormones, ghrelin decreased significantly after LSG, while PYY increased after LRYGB. However, the impacts caused by the change in gut hormones after undergoing either LSG and LRYGB on patients are complicated, therefore, the results should be interpreted cautiously.