Chiral-structured heterointerfaces enable durable perovskite solar cells.

Mechanical failure and chemical degradation of device heterointerfaces can strongly influence the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under thermal cycling and damp heat conditions. We report chirality-mediated interfaces based on R-/S-methylbenzyl-ammonium between the perovskite absorber and electron-transport layer to create an elastic yet strong heterointerface with increased mechanical reliability. This interface harnesses enantiomer-controlled entropy to enhance tolerance to thermal cycling-induced fatigue and material degradation, and a heterochiral arrangement of organic cations leads to closer packing of benzene rings, which enhances chemical stability and charge transfer. The encapsulated PSCs showed retentions of 92% of power-conversion efficiency under a thermal cycling test (-40°C to 85°C; 200 cycles over 1200 hours) and 92% under a damp heat test (85% relative humidity; 85°C; 600 hours).

All-inorganic perovskite solar cells featuring mixed group IVA cations.

All-inorganic perovskites are promising for solar cells owing to their potentially superior tolerance to environmental factors, as compared with their hybrid organic-inorganic counterparts. Over the past few years, all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have seen a dramatic improvement in certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), demonstrating their great potential for practical applications. Pb, Sn, and Ge are the most studied group IVA elements for perovskites. These group IVA cations share the same number of valence electrons and similarly exhibit the beneficial antibonding properties of lone-pair electrons when incorporated in the perovskite structure. Meanwhile, mixing these cations in all-inorganic perovskites provides opportunities for stabilizing the photoactive phase and tailoring the bandgap structure. In this mini-review, we analyze the structural and bandgap design principles for all-inorganic perovskites featuring mixed group IVA cations, discuss the updated progress in the corresponding PSCs, and finally provide perspectives on future research efforts faciliating the continued development of high-performance Pb-less and Pb-free all-inorganic PSCs.

Flattening Grain-Boundary Grooves for Perovskite Solar Cells with High Optomechanical Reliability.

Optomechanical reliability has emerged as an important criterion for evaluating the performance and commercialization potential of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to the mechanical-property mismatch of metal halide perovskites with other device layer. In this work, grain-boundary grooves, a rarely discussed film microstructural characteristic, are found to impart significant effects on the optomechanical reliability of perovskite-substrate heterointerfaces and thus PSC performance. By pre-burying iso-butylammonium chloride additive in the electron-transport layer (ETL), GB grooves (GBGs) are flattened and an optomechanically reliable perovskite heterointerface that resists photothermal fatigue is created. The improved mechanical integrity of the ETL-perovskite heterointerfaces also benefits the charge transport and chemical stability by facilitating carrier injection and reducing moisture or solvent trapping, respectively. Accordingly, high-performance PSCs which exhibit efficiency retentions of 94.8% under 440 h damp heat test (85% RH and 85 °C), and 93.0% under 2000 h continuous light soaking are achieved.

Chiral Mesostructured BiOBr Films with Circularly Polarized Colour Response.

Achieving strong and broadband circularly polarized colour responses in chiral inorganic materials is challenging. Here, we fabricated chiral mesostructured bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) films (CMBFs) via hydrothermal growth using chiral sugar alcohols as symmetry-breaking agents. The layered slabs of BiOBr crystals with weak van-der-Waals interactions are prone to mismatching due to the chiral driving force, resulting in hierarchically chiral arrangements of fine size. Three levels of chirality exist in the CMBFs: primary, helical distortion crystal lattices of a nanoflake, secondary, helical stacking of nanoflakes to form nanoplates, and tertiary, chiral vortexes arranged by nanoplates. The CMBFs displayed optical activities (OAs) over a wide wavelength range of 350-2500 nm with an anisotropic factor of up to 0.99, which led to a significant chirality-dependent colour response to circularly polarized light. The high selectivity can be considered as the result of enhanced resonance due to structural-handedness matching and the synergistic effect of multiple OAs.

Photophysical properties of metal ion functionalized NaY zeolite.

A series of luminescent ion exchanged zeolite are synthesized by introducing various ions into NaY zeolite. Monometal ion (Eu(3+), Tb(3+), Ce(3+), Y(3+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Cu(2+)) exchanged zeolite, rare-earth ion (Eu(3+), Tb(3+), Ce(3+)) exchanged zeolite modified with Y(3+) and rare-earth ion (Eu(3+), Tb(3+), Ce(3+)) exchanged zeolite modified with Zn(2+) are discussed here. The resulting materials are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum radiometer (FTIR), XRD, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), PLE, PL and luminescence lifetime measurements. The photoluminescence spectrum of NaY indicates that emission band of host matrix exhibits a blueshift of about 70 nm after monometal ion exchange process. The results show that transition metal ion exchanged zeolites possess a similar emission band due to dominant host luminescence. A variety of luminescence phenomenon of rare-earth ion broadens the application of zeolite as a luminescent host. The Eu(3+) ion exchanged zeolite shows white light luminescence with a great application value and Ce(3+) exchanged zeolite steadily exhibits its characteristic luminescence in ultraviolet region no matter in monometal ion exchanged zeolite or bimetal ions exchanged zeolite.