ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Stifle osteoarthritis (OA) lesions are most common in the medial femorotibial (MFT) compartment. Their characterisation and mapping will inform equine veterinarians towards an accurate diagnosis of OA. OBJECTIVES: Investigate and map micro-CT (µCT) changes in the hyaline articular cartilage (HAC) in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and medial tibial plateau (MTP). STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo cadaveric. METHODS: Stifles (n = 7 OA and 17 control [CO]) were retrieved from a tissue bank. The MFC and MFT were imaged with µCT. Regions of interest (ROIs) were cranial (MFCcr; MTPcr) and caudal (MFCca; MTPca) sites. In each ROI, µCT images were scored for HAC fibrillation, surface mineralisation and for the presence of high-density mineralised protrusions (HDMP). The lesions were mapped, and site-matched histology was performed. RESULTS: The microstructure of healthy and abnormal HAC was discernible on µCT images and confirmed with histology. HAC fibrillation was more prevalent (p = 0.019) in the MFCcr of the OA group (n = 7/7, 100%) when compared with the CO group (n = 7/17, 41%). Score 1 HAC surface mineralisation was more prevalent (p = 0.038) in the OA MFCca (n = 4/7, 57%) when compared with the CO group (n = 2/17, 12%). HDMP were heterogenous and hyperdense mineralised material protruding into the HAC and were more frequent (p = 0.033) in MFCs (n = 12/24, 50%) compared with MTPs (n = 5/24, 20%). Score 3 HDMPs were also more prevalent (p = 0.003) in the MFCcr (n = 7/24, 29%) compared with MFCca (n = 0/24, 0%) and in MFCs (n = 7/24, 29%) compared with MTPs (n = 3/24, 12.5%) (p = 0.046). MAIN LIMITATIONS: Clinical history was not available for all specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Equine HDMP and HAC surface mineralisation are imaged for the first time in the MFT joint. HAC fibrillation and erosion and HDMP are more frequent in the cranial aspect of the MFC. µCT images of OA in equine stifle joints provide a novel perspective of lesions and improve understanding of OA.
ABSTRACT
A 2-year-old female Vietnamese potbellied pig was referred to the Large Animal Teaching Hospital at the Ontario Veterinary College for anoplasty and rectovaginal fistula repair. The presence of atresia ani and rectovaginal fistula had been previously diagnosed. Contrast radiography was used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the position of the fistula and terminal rectum. Under general anesthesia, the urethra was catheterized. An incision was made at the anatomic location of the anus, the rectovaginal fistula was isolated through deep dissection, and a Penrose drain was placed around it for caudal retraction. Transvaginal catheter placement through the fistula and into the rectum assisted with anatomic location. Once the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts were clearly identified, the fistula was transected as close to the vaginal cavity as possible. The vaginal defect was sutured, and the fistula tract was mobilized 90° and sutured to the skin, creating the anal canal. Postoperative complications included constipation and cystitis. The gilt passed feces 5 d after surgery and was discharged on Day 11 of hospitalization. Normal urination and defecation were observed at the time, and fecal incontinence was resolved. Six months after surgical intervention, the gilt remained continent and no complications were reported. Key clinical message: Anoplasty and rectovaginal fistula repair were completed successfully in a gilt. Preservation of the fistula and its use during anal reconstruction may provide an internal anal sphincter and may be associated with improved continence.
Anoplastie et réparation de la fistule recto-vaginale chez une cochette avec atrésie anale : rapport de cas. Une femelle cochon vietnamien de 2 ans a été référée au Large Animal Teaching Hospital du Ontario Veterinary College pour une anoplastie et réparation d'une fistule recto-vaginale. La présence d'une atrésie anale et d'une fistule recto-vaginale avait déjà été diagnostiquée. Une radiographie de contraste a été utilisée pour confirmer le diagnostic et déterminer la position de la fistule et du rectum terminal. Sous anesthésie générale, l'urètre a été cathétérisé. Une incision a été faite à l'emplacement anatomique de l'anus, la fistule recto-vaginale a été isolée par dissection profonde et un drain de Penrose a été placé autour d'elle pour la rétraction caudale. Le placement d'un cathéter transvaginal à travers la fistule et dans le rectum a aidé avec la localisation anatomique. Une fois les voies urogénitale et gastro-intestinale clairement identifiées, la fistule a été sectionnée aussi près que possible de la cavité vaginale. Le défaut vaginal a été suturé et le trajet de la fistule a été mobilisé à 90° et suturé à la peau, créant le canal anal. Les complications postopératoires incluaient la constipation et la cystite. La cochette a expulsé des matières fécales 5 jours après la chirurgie et a obtenu son congé le 11e jour d'hospitalisation. Une miction et une défécation normales ont été observées à ce moment-là, et l'incontinence fécale a été résolue. Six mois après l'intervention chirurgicale, la cochette présentait encore de la continence urinaire et aucune complication n'a été signalée.Message clinique clé :L'anoplastie et la réparation de la fistule recto-vaginale ont été réalisées avec succès chez une cochette. La préservation de la fistule et son utilisation lors de la reconstruction anale peuvent fournir un sphincter anal interne et peuvent être associées à une meilleure continence.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
