Adherence to social distancing measures in southern Brazil, 2020/2021: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the frequency of adherence to social distancing and individual protection measures of adult and older populations in two cities in southern Brazil and to characterize the sociodemographic aspects of these individuals. METHODS: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the cities of Rio Grande, RS, and Criciúma, SC, Brazil. The outcome measure was the frequency of adherence to social distancing measures. Fisher's exact test (5% significance) was used to calculate the differences in prevalence according to exposure variables. RESULTS: Among the 2,170 participants over the age of 18, the prevalence of adherence to social distancing was 18.5%. Adherence was significantly higher among women; older adults; single, divorced, or widowed people with a low educational level; people of lower socioeconomic status; and people affected by multiple chronic diseases. CONCLUSION: Approximately one in five respondents adhered to measures of social distancing, and adherence was more prevalent among the risk groups.

Association between job lost and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of food insecurity as mediator of this relationship.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes.

Association between job lost and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of food insecurity as mediator of this relationship / Associação entre perda de emprego e desfechos de saúde mental durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e o papel da insegurança alimentar como mediadora dessa relação / Asociación entre la pérdida de empleo y los resultados de salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y el papel de la inseguridad alimentaria como mediador de esta relación

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes.

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental e o papel da insegurança alimentar como mediadora dessa relação. Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi conduzido com adultos (≥ 18 e < 60 anos) durante o surto de COVID-19 em duas cidades do Sul do Brasil. A situação de trabalho foi categorizada em trabalhando, não trabalhando e perda do emprego. Os desfechos de saúde mental avaliados foram sintomas depressivos, percepção de estresse e sentimento de tristeza. A insegurança alimentar foi identificada pela versão reduzida da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Análises ajustadas por regressão de Poisson foram realizadas para avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental. A análise de mediação foi realizada para investigar os efeitos diretos e indiretos da situação de trabalho sobre os desfechos de saúde mental. No total, foram analisados 1.492 adultos. Não trabalhar associou-se a 53% mais chances de percepção de estresse e 74% maiores de tristeza. A perda do emprego aumentou as chances de sintomas depressivos, estresse percebido e sentimento de tristeza em 68%, 123% e 128%, respectivamente. As análises de mediação mostraram que a insegurança alimentar foi um importante mediador da associação entre situação de trabalho e sintomas depressivos e sentimento de tristeza, mas não para o estresse percebido. A complexidade desses resultados destaca aspectos econômicos e nutricionais envolvidos nos desfechos em saúde mental.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental y el papel de la inseguridad alimentaria como mediador en esta relación. Se realizó un estudio transversal basado en la población con adultos (≥ 18 y < 60 años) durante el brote de COVID-19 en dos ciudades del Sur de Brasil. La situación laboral se clasificó en trabajando, no trabajando y pérdida de empleo. Los resultados de salud mental evaluados fueron síntomas depresivos, percepción de estrés y sensación de tristeza. La inseguridad alimentaria fue identificada por la versión reducida de la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria. Se realizaron análisis ajustados por regresión de Poisson para evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental. Se realizó un análisis de mediación para investigar los efectos directos e indirectos de la situación laboral en los resultados de salud mental. En total, se analizaron 1.492 adultos. No trabajar se asoció con un 53% más de probabilidades de percepción de estrés y un 74% más de probabilidades de tristeza. La pérdida del trabajo aumentó las probabilidades de síntomas depresivos, estrés percibido y sentimientos de tristeza en un 68%, 123% y 128%, respectivamente. Los análisis de mediación mostraron que la inseguridad alimentaria era un mediador importante de la asociación entre la situación laboral y los síntomas depresivos y los sentimientos de tristeza, pero no para el estrés percibido. La complejidad de estos resultados destaca los aspectos económicos y nutricionales que intervienen en los resultados de salud mental.

Adherence to social distancing measures in southern Brazil, 2020/2021: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to analyze the frequency of adherence to social distancing and individual protection measures of adult and older populations in two cities in southern Brazil and to characterize the sociodemographic aspects of these individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the cities of Rio Grande, RS, and Criciúma, SC, Brazil. The outcome measure was the frequency of adherence to social distancing measures. Fisher's exact test (5% significance) was used to calculate the differences in prevalence according to exposure variables. Results: Among the 2,170 participants over the age of 18, the prevalence of adherence to social distancing was 18.5%. Adherence was significantly higher among women; older adults; single, divorced, or widowed people with a low educational level; people of lower socioeconomic status; and people affected by multiple chronic diseases. Conclusion: Approximately one in five respondents adhered to measures of social distancing, and adherence was more prevalent among the risk groups.

Impact of hepatitis C virus eradication with direct-acting antivirals on glycidic metabolism

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the glucose metabolism of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in pretreatment and sustained viral response (SVR) periods. Materials and methods: This was an intervention pre-post study of 273 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with DAAs from March 2018 to December 2019. Glycidic metabolism was evaluated through homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) - insulin resistance (IR) and HOMA-β indices and assessments of insulinemia and HbA1c levels. These parameters were analyzed with a T test by paired comparison of the means of the variables and Wilcoxon's test paired for the median; in the variables with an abnormal distribution, the Z score was generated for the mean in both the pretreatment and SVR periods. Statistical significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among 273 participants, 125 (45.8%) had prediabetes, and 50 (18.3%) had diabetes. In SVR, there was a significant increase in platelets, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides and a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma GT and bilirubin. The HOMA-IR and HOMA-β indices increased in SVR from 1.95 to 2.29 (p = 0.087) and 71.20 to 82.60 (p = 0.001), respectively. Insulinemia increased from 7.60 μU/mL to 8.90 μU/mL (p = 0.011). HbA1c decreased from 5.6 to 5.4 (p < 0.001). Among patients with prediabetes and those with diabetes, the reduction in HbA1c values was significant (p = 0.006 and p = 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: SVR significantly impacts and leads to improvement in glucose metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease induced by hepatitis C virus.

Experiência de relação sexual forçada entre estudantes de graduação: fatores associados e possíveis consequências / The experience of forced sexual intercourse among undergraduate students: associated factors and possible consequences

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a prevalência de relação sexual forçada na vida e suas possíveis consequências na saúde mental e sexual em acadêmicos de cursos de graduação de uma universidade pública no Brasil. Estudo transversal quantitativo com 996 estudantes de graduação. A amostragem realizada de forma sistemática por conglomerados. Foi usado o modelo de Regressão de Poisson, e foram calculadas as frações etiológicas das consequências de relação sexual forçada. A prevalência de relação sexual forçada ao longo da vida foi de 12,1%. Sexo feminino, orientação sexual não heterossexual, primeira relação sexual antes de 14 anos de idade, insegurança alimentar e violência no contexto doméstico na infância foram associados à maior prevalência do desfecho. Indivíduos que sofreram relação sexual forçada foram mais propensos a apresentar diagnóstico de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e de ter risco de suicídio. O estudo evidenciou a problemática da violência sexual no contexto universitário.

Abstract The scope of this article is to investigate the prevalence of the experience of forced sexual intercourse on life and its possible consequences on mental and sexual health among undergraduate students at a public university in Brazil. It is a quantitative cross-sectional study with 996 undergraduate students. Sampling was carried out systematically by single-stage clusters. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Poisson Regression model, and the etiological fractions of the consequences of forced sexual intercourse were calculated. The lifetime prevalence of forced sexual intercourse was 12.1%. Female sex, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, first sexual intercourse before the age of 14, child food insecurity and domestic violence were associated with a higher prevalence of the outcome. Individuals who experienced forced sexual intercourse were more likely to be diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections and to represent a potential suicide risk. The study revealed the problems of sexual violence in the university context.

Fatores associados à qualidade do sono de estudantes universitários / Factors associated with sleep quality in university students

Resumo Investigar fatores associados a pior qualidade do sono. Estudo transversal realizado em 2019, com amostragem aleatória sistemática. Informações sobre sono foram obtidas através do Mini Sleep Questionaire (MSQ). Variáveis independentes incluíram características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, acadêmicas e de saúde psicológica. Análises ajustadas foram feitas com regressão de Poisson. Participaram 996 estudantes de graduação. A pior qualidade de sono atingiu 23,1% da amostra (IC95% 20,5-25,9), oscilando de 13,4% para os com pouca preocupação com violência no bairro a 36,5% para aqueles com menor suporte social. Na análise ajustada, sexo feminino [RP] 1,81; (IC95% 1,33-2,45), preocupação com violência no bairro [RP] 2,21; (IC95% 1,48-3,28), discriminação na universidade [RP] 1,42; (IC95% 1,08-1,86) e insegurança alimentar [RP] 1,45; (IC95% 1,11-1,89) associaram-se a presença de pior qualidade do sono, assim como ter menor suporte social e renda e apresentar sofrimento psicológico. Os resultados destacam fatores socioeconômicos e de saúde mental que interferem na qualidade do sono e demonstram a necessidade de reflexão e proposição de intervenções capazes de minimizar este problema.

Abstract To investigate factors associated with poor sleep quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with random sampling. Information on sleep was obtained using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ). Independent variables included sociodemographic, behavioural, academic and psychological health characteristics. Adjusted analyzes were performed using Poisson regression. A total of 996 undergraduate students participated in the study. The poor sleep quality affected 23.1% of the sample (95%CI 20.5-25.9), ranging from 13.4% for those with little concern about violence in the neighbourhood to 36.5% for those with less social support. In the adjusted analysis, female sex [PR] 1.81; (95%CI 1.33-2.45), concern about violence in the neighbourhood [PR] 2.21; (95%CI 1.48-3.28), discrimination at university [PR] 1.42; (95%CI 1.08-1.86) and food insecurity [PR] 1.45; (95%CI 1.11-1.89) were associated with the presence of poor sleep quality, as well as having less social support and income and suffering psychological distress. The results highlight socioeconomic and mental health factors that affect sleep quality and demonstrate the need for reflection and interventions capable of minimizing this problem.

Estresse percebido entre estudantes de graduação: fatores associados, a influência do modelo ENEM/SiSU e possíveis consequências sobre a saúde / Perceived stress among undergraduate students: associated factors, influence of the ENEM/SiSU model, and its possible consequences on health

RESUMO Objetivo: Medir os níveis de estresse percebido, os fatores associados, em especial o impacto da escolha e satisfação com o curso, bem como as possíveis consequências desse desfecho entre graduandos. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em 2019 com 996 estudantes de graduação de uma universidade pública no Sul do Brasil. A amostragem foi realizada de forma sistemática por conglomerados em único estágio. O desfecho foi avaliado por meio da Escala de Estresse Percebido. As análises de fatores associados e possíveis consequências foram realizadas por meio de regressão linear múltipla e regressão de Poisson, respectivamente. Resultados: O escore médio de estresse percebido foi de 31,1 (DP = 9). Indivíduos do sexo feminino, de orientação sexual não heterossexual, mais pobres, com insegurança alimentar, com medo de violência no bairro, com percepção de difícil acesso a serviço psicológico e com menor suporte social foram os mais estressados. Participantes mais velhos e com algum nível de atividade física foram menos estressados. A insatisfação com o curso atual, e não o fato de ser o curso desejado no ingresso, foi associada ao estresse. Uso não médico de remédio prescrito, ansiedade generalizada, sintomas depressivos e pior qualidade de sono e de vida foram identificados como possíveis consequências do estresse. Conclusões: O modelo ENEM/SiSU parece não exercer efeito no estresse. Além disso, esse desfecho foi mais elevado entre indivíduos mais vulneráveis, tendo contribuído para diversos desfechos negativos em saúde mental. Recomenda-se o fortalecimento de serviços de assistência estudantil para que esses casos sejam identificados e manejados.

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure levels of perceived stress, associated factors, especially the impact of choice and satisfaction with the course, as well as the possible consequences of this outcome among undergraduates. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 with 996 undergraduate students from a public university in southern Brazil. Sampling was carried out systematically by single-stage clusters. The outcome was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Analysis of associated factors and possible consequences were performed using multiple linear regression and Poisson regression, respectively. Results: Mean perceived stress score was 31.1 (SD = 9). Female individuals, with non-heterosexual orientation, poorer, with food insecurity, with fear of violence in the neighborhood, with perception of difficult access to psychological services and with less social support were the most stressed. Older participants with some level of physical activity were less stressed. Dissatisfaction with the current course, rather than the fact that it was the desired course prior admission, was associated with high levels of stress. Non-medical use of prescribed medication, generalized anxiety, depressive symptoms, and poorer quality of sleep and life were identified as possible consequences of stress. Conclusions: The ENEM/SiSU model seems to have no effect on stress. Furthermore, this outcome was higher among more vulnerable individuals, having contributed to several negative outcomes in mental health. It is recommended to strengthen student assistance services so that these cases can be identified and managed.

Remote work and back pain during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults and older population in South Brazil / Trabalho remoto e dores nas costas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em adultos e idosos no Sul do Brasil

Abstract This article aims to investigate the association between remote work and Back Pain during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze this relationship according to the body mass index. Population-based, cross-sectional study carried in two cities in southern Brazil, in individuals aged 18 years and over. Data were collected through household interviews from October to January 2020/21. Outcomes: back pain (cervical, thoracic, lumbar/acute, chronic) and pain intensity. Exposure variable: remote work. For the analyses, Poisson regression with robust adjustment for variance was used, stratified by BMI (eutrophic vs overweight/obese), and restricted to those who had worked in the past month. 1,016 had worked during the pandemic, average 42 years old (SD = 14), varying from 18 to 93 years. Remote work was performed by 7.7% of the individuals. Prevalence of back pain: 25.6% (95%CI: 19.5 to 31.7%). Overweight/obese remote workers felt pain acute cervical pain PR = 2.82 (95%CI: 1.15 to 6.92); chronic low back PR = 1.85 (95%CI: 1.04 to 3.29); acute thoracic PR = 1.81(95%CI: 3.76 to 8.68) compared to those who did not work. About one in four remote workers reported back pain during of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMI proved to be an important moderator between outcomes and exposure variable.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a associação entre trabalho remoto e dores nas costas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e analisar essa relação segundo o índice de massa corporal. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em duas cidades no sul do Brasil em indivíduos acima de 18 anos. Dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas domiciliares entre outubro-janeiro de 2020-2021. Desfechos: dor nas costas (cervical, torácica, lombar/aguda, crônica) e intensidade da dor. Variável de exposição: trabalho remoto. Para as análises, foram utilizadas regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto para variância, estratificadas pelo IMC (eutrófico vs. sobrepeso/obeso) e restritas àqueles que trabalharam no último mês. Durante a pandemia, 1.016 trabalharam, média 42 anos (DP = 14), entre 18 a 93 anos. Trabalho remoto foi realizado por 7,7% dos indivíduos. Prevalência de dor nas costas: 25.6% (IC95%:19,5 a 31,7%). Trabalhadores remotos com sobrepeso/obesidade sentiram dor aguda cervical RP = 2,82 (IC95%:1,15 a 6,92); torácica aguda RP = 1,81 (IC95%:3,76 a 8,68); lombar crônica RP = 1,85 (IC95%:1,04 a 3,29), comparados àqueles que não trabalharam. Cerca de um em cada quatro trabalhadores remotos reportou dor nas costas durante a pandemia. O IMC mostrou-se ser um importante moderador entre defechos e variável de exposição.

Suicide risk in high school students: who are the most vulnerable groups? / Risco de suicídio em estudantes do ensino médio: quem são os grupos mais vulneráveis?

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suicide risk among high school students from a federal educational institution in Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on a census of students (n=510) enrolled in IFRS, campus Rio Grande, in the second half of 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Suicide risk was measured with the instrument Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment. Results: The prevalence of high suicide risk was 17.3% (95% confidence interval — 95%CI 14.0-20.0), with the following independent associated factors: female gender, higher socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, less social support, attempt to lose weight, self-harm behavior, and increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: One in six students showed a high suicide risk. The identification of factors associated with the outcome is useful for detecting the most severe cases and referring them to specialized care.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao risco de suicídio em estudantes do ensino médio de uma instituição federal de ensino do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com base em um censo de estudantes (n=510) matriculados no IFRS, Campus Rio Grande, no segundo semestre de 2019. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável. O risco de suicídio foi medido com o instrumento Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview e a análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio de regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados: A prevalência do risco alto de suicídio foi de 17,3% (intervalo de confiança — IC95% 14,0-20,0), tendo como fatores independentemente associados: sexo feminino, maior nível socioeconômico, consumo de álcool, menor suporte social, tentativa de perder peso, comportamento autolesivo e maior risco de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Conclusões: Um em cada seis estudantes apresentou elevado risco de suicídio. A identificação dos fatores associados ao desfecho é útil para identificar os casos mais graves e encaminhá-los para atendimento especializado.

Internet addiction and depressive symptoms: a dose-response effect mediated by levels of physical activity

Abstract Introduction There are several negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people presenting internet addiction, including development of mood disorders, such as depression. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between internet addiction and depressive symptoms, as well as to test the mediating role of physical activity in this association. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from three universities (one private and two public institutions) in southern Brazil. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21), internet addiction with the Internet Addiction Test (IAT-20), and physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version). Poisson regression and the Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation method were used for statistical analyses. Results We observed a dose-response relationship between internet addiction and depressive symptoms. Levels of physical activity mediated the association between moderate internet addiction and depressive symptoms, accounting for 10.7% of the effect observed. Conclusion Internet addiction can be detrimental to individuals' health, contributing to development of depressive symptoms. Along with psychological and pharmacological therapies, prescription of physical activities is recommended.

A Study on the Health and Wellness of Undergraduate Students (SABES-Grad): methodological aspects of a nationwide multicenter and multilevel study overlapping with the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract Introduction The academic environment can negatively impact the mental health of undergraduate students, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. This study aimed to describe the methodological and operational aspects of a study of the health and well-being of undergraduate students: the Study on the Health and Wellness of Undergraduate Students (SABES-Grad) project. Method This was a nationwide cross-sectional study divided across two data collection strategies: a single-center, on-site data collection carried out in 2019 at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) and a multicenter, multilevel, online data collection carried out in 2020/2021 at FURG, the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), the Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), and the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). The main outcomes of interest were depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and suicide risk. Results A total of 996 students participated in the 2019 data collection (63.8% female; median age of 22 years; response rate of 85.2%) and 5,720 students participated in the 2020/2021 collection (66.7% female; median age of 22 years; response rate of 84.3%). Significant variations in socioeconomic and demographic profiles were observed between the different universities. Approximately one-third of the sample had been tested for Covid-19 in 2020/2021, 7.8% of whom had tested positive. Conclusion The SABES-Grad project was the result of collaborative work between several actors from public universities in Brazil. Several aspects of the preparation and execution of this research are discussed in terms of its originality and relevance. Barriers and limitations and strategies adopted to overcome them are also presented.

Is physical activity associated with a higher degree of wisdom? cross-sectional study with high school students / Atividade física está associada com maior grau de sabedoria? estudo transversal com estudantes do ensino médio

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the association between the degree of wisdom and the level of leisure-time physical activity (PA) of students from a federal public school in southern Brazil. Observational cross-sectional study with 462 young people of both sexes between 15 and 18 years old. Data collection was performed using a self-administered questionnaire on the REDCap platform. The independent variable was the "level of leisure PA" (inactive, insufficiently active, and physically active) and the outcome was the "degree of wisdom" evaluated through a validated questionnaire (SD-WISE7). There was a linear trend towards an increase in the wisdom score according to the level of PA. This trend and significant association continued in the adjusted analysis, with active students averaging 1.84 points more in the wisdom score compared to inactive students. In conclusion, the wisest young people are also the most physically active young people. In view of the potential beneficial effects, current studies may consider wisdom as a possible mediator of PA with health outcomes.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o grau de sabedoria e o nível de atividade física de lazer (AF) de alunos de uma escola pública federal do sul do Brasil. Estudo observacional de corte transversal com 462 jovens de ambos os sexos entre 15 e 18 anos de idade. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário autoaplicável na plataforma REDCap. A variável independente foi o "nível de AF de lazer" (inativo, insuficientemente ativo e ativo fisicamente) e o desfecho foi a "grau de sabedoria" avaliados por meio de questionários validados. Observou-se tendência linear de aumento do escore de sabedoria conforme o nível de AF. Essa tendência e associação significativa se manteve na análise ajustada, com os ativos tendo em média 1.84 pontos a mais no escore de sabedoria em comparação aos inativos. Em conclusão, os jovens mais sábios também são os jovens mais ativos fisicamente. Tendo em vista os potenciais efeitos benéficos, os estudos atuais podem considerar a sabedoria como um possível mediador da AF com desfechos em saúde.

Determinantes sociais da qualidade de vida entre estudantes de graduação e sua associação com o risco de suicídio / Social determinants of quality of life among undergraduate students and their association with suicide risk

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida e a relação com o risco de suicídio. Métodos: estudo transversal com graduandos de uma universidade pública do Brasil. A qualidade de vida foi mensurada pelo WHOQOL-Bref. Um modelo hierarquizado foi testado através de regressão linear simples. A associação da qualidade de vida com risco de suicídio foi avaliada pela Regressão de Poisson. Resultados: participaram 996 estudantes com escore médio de qualidade de vida de 61,0±13,8. Sexo feminino, cor da pele não branca, orientação sexual não heterossexual, mais pobres, com insegurança alimentar, que utilizam transporte público, com medo de violência no bairro, histórico de discriminação e insatisfeitos com o curso de graduação tiveram pior qualidade de vida, que levou à probabilidade 11 vezes maior de risco de suicídio. Conclusão: o nível de qualidade de vida da amostra estudada foi baixo, estando associado a maior vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, o que contribui para o aumento no risco de suicídio. Sugere-se o fortalecimento dos serviços de assistência estudantil das universidades como forma de promover maior qualidade de vida por meio de ações de promoção de bem-estar social, o que poderá produzir efeitos na saúde mental dos estudantes

Objective: to evaluate the quality of life and the relationship with the risk of suicide. Methods: crosssectional study with undergraduates from a public university in Brazil. Quality of life was measured by the WHOQOL-Bref. A hierarchical model was tested using simple linear regression. The association of quality of life with suicide risk was assessed by Poisson regression. Results: 996 students participated with an average quality of life score of 61.0±13.8. Female gender, non-white, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, poorer, food insecure, using public transport, fear of violence in the neighborhood, history of discrimination and dissatisfied with the undergraduate course had a worse quality of life, which led to an 11-fold increased likelihood of suicide risk. Conclusion: the level of quality of life of the sample studied was low, being associated with greater socioeconomic vulnerability, which contributes to the increased risk of suicide. It is suggested to strengthen student assistance servi-ces at universities to promote improvements in quality of life through actions to promote social wellbeing, which may have effects on students' mental health

Sintomas de ansiedade generalizada entre estudantes de graduação: prevalência, fatores associados e possíveis consequências / Symptoms of generalized anxiety among undergraduate students: prevalence, associated factors and possible consequences

RESUMO Objetivo Medir a prevalência de sintomatologia ansiosa entre estudantes de graduação de uma universidade pública no Sul do Brasil, seus fatores associados e possíveis consequências. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal com uma amostra aleatória de graduandos, realizado em 2019. Foi utilizado um questionário com questões sociodemográficas, acadêmicas e de saúde mental e física. Sintomas de ansiedade generalizada foram avaliados por meio do Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7). Fatores associados e possíveis consequências foram analisados por meio da regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados Entre os 994 participantes, a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade generalizada severa foi de 30,9% (IC 95%: 27,9%-33,9%). As variáveis independentemente associadas a sintomas de ansiedade generalizada foram: sexo feminino, orientação não heterossexual, sentir muito/muitíssimo medo de violência no bairro e perceber como difícil o acesso a serviço psicológico. Possuir alto nível de suporte social e apresentar algum nível de atividade física foi considerado fator de proteção para o desfecho. Possíveis consequências dos sintomas de ansiedade generalizada foram: pior qualidade de sono, utilizar algum medicamento sem prescrição nos últimos 30 dias e ser classificado como risco de suicídio moderado/severo. Conclusões Esses resultados demonstram a necessidade de um olhar mais atento para alguns subgrupos populacionais. Recomenda-se a implementação de intervenções psicológicas que incluam um número maior de indivíduos simultaneamente (como a criação de grupos terapêuticos), com o intuito de reduzir a carga de ansiedade no contexto universitário. O fortalecimento do setor de assistência estudantil da universidade também se torna uma importante possibilidade de melhora para esse cenário.

ABSTRACT Objective To measure the anxious symptoms of undergraduate students at a public university in southern Brazil, the factors associated with it and the possible consequences. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with a random sample of undergraduate students in 2019. A questionnaire that evaluated sociodemographic, academic, mental and physical health aspects was used. Symptoms of generalized anxiety were evaluated through the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7). Associated factors and possible consequences were analyzed using the Poisson regression, with robust variance adjustment. Results Among the 994 participants, the prevalence of symptoms of severe generalized anxiety was 30.9% (95% CI: 27,9%-33,9%). The variables independently associated with symptoms of generalized anxiety were: female gender, non-heterosexual orientation, feeling very afraid of violence in the neighborhood, perceiving access to psychological service as difficult. Having a high level of social support, and with any level of physical activity were considered protective factors for the outcome. Possible consequences of symptoms of generalized anxiety were: worse sleep quality, non-medical use of prescription drugs in the last 30 days, and being classified with moderate or severe suicide risk. Conclusions These results indicate the need to a closer attention to subgroups within this population. Implementation of psychological interventions that includes a broader range of individuals simultaneously are recommended (such as therapeutic groups) to reduce the burden of anxiety in the university context. The strengthening of the university's student assistance sector is also important to improve this situation.

Uso de suplementos alimentares combinado com a prática de atividade física entre universitários do extremo sul do Brasil / Food supplement use combined to physical activity practice among college students from extreme South of Brazil

Resumo Introdução O consumo de suplementos alimentares vem aumentando e se popularizando, especialmente em conjunto com a prática de atividade física. Objetivo Investigar o uso de suplementos alimentares combinado com a prática de atividades físicas em universitários do extremo sul do Brasil. Método Estudo de delineamento transversal realizado em uma universidade pública de Rio Grande/RS, com uma amostra de 1.401 universitários. Resultados 29,7% (IC95%: 27,3-32,1) dos universitários relataram o uso de algum tipo de suplemento alimentar ao praticar atividades físicas. Os suplementos que predominaram foram: Whey Protein (79%), Maltodextrina (48%) e isotônicos (45%). As principais fontes de orientação para o uso de suplementos foram amigos e outros praticantes de academias. A análise multivariável apontou que atuais participantes de academias têm uma probabilidade 158% maior de usar suplementos em comparação a não participantes de atividades físicas em academias. Outros grupos associados ao uso de suplementos foram: universitários do sexo masculino, jovens entre 20 e 29 anos, com maior renda familiar e consumidores de álcool. Conclusão Um em cada três estudantes universitários já consumiu suplementos alimentares, e tal conduta pode estar disseminada nos espaços das academias, sem maior detalhamento dos cuidados e das necessidades para individuais para o uso.

Background Background The consumption of dietary supplements has been increasing and becoming popular, especially combined with the practice of physical activity. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the use of dietary supplements combined with the practice of physical activities in university students in the extreme south of Brazil. Method A cross-sectional study conducted at a public university in Rio Grande/Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), with a sample of 1,401 university students. Results A total of 29.7% (95% CI: 27.3-32.1) of university students reported having used some kind of dietary supplement when practicing physical activities. The predominant supplements were: Whey Protein (79%), Maltodextrin (48%) and isotonic (45%). The main sources of guidance for using supplements were friends and other practitioners of fitness centers. The multivariate analysis showed that current gym center users are 158% more likely to use supplements compared to non-participants in physical activities at such centers. Other groups associated with the use of supplements were: male college students, young people from 20 to 29 years of age, with higher family income and alcohol users. Conclusion One in three college students have already used dietary supplements and such behavior may be widespread in gyms, without further details on the care and needs for using them.

COVID-19 pandemic and physical inactivity in Brazilian university students: a multicenter study / Pandemia de COVID-19 e inatividade física em estudantes universitários brasileiros: um estudo multicêntrico

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with variables of the pandemic context in Brazilian university students. A cross-sectional, multicentric study was carried out in five public universities in different geographic regions of Brazil. The study included 5,720 students, aged 18 or over, between September 2020 and May 2021. Data collection was performed through a self-administered online questionnaire on the REDCap platform. The dependent variable was physical inactivity. The independent variables were the aspects related to the pandemic. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 48.8% (95%CI: 47.5%; 50.1%), ranging from 26.3% for those who went out every or almost every day for non-essential activities and 64.9 % for those who stayed at home all the time. University students who reported continuing to work normally and who were afraid of the pandemic were more likely to be physically inactive. The groups that were less likely to have the outcome were those with a reduction in income, those who left home more often for essential and non-essential activities, those who started working at home, those who complied with the social distancing, and those who had a risk factor for COV-ID-19. The findings indicate that one in two Brazilian university students are physically inactive and the main risk factors were isolation and fear of the pandemic. Interventions are recommended to promote physical activity, especially for the groups most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalência de inatividade física durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e a associação com variáveis do contexto pandêmico em universitários brasileiros. Conduziu-se uma pesquisa transversal, multicêntrica, em cinco universidades públicas das diferentes regiões geográficas do Brasil. Participaram do estudo 5.720 estudantes, de 18 anos ou mais, entre setembro de 2020 e maio de 2021. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário autoaplicável online na plataforma REDCap. A variável dependente foi inatividade física. As variáveis independentes foram os aspectos relacionados à pandemia. A prevalência de inatividade física foi de 48,8% (IC95%: 47,5%; 50,1%), variando entre 26,3% para os que saíram todos ou quase todos os dias para atividades não essenciais e 64,9% para os que ficaram em casa o tempo todo. Universitários que referiram continuar trabalhando normalmente e que tinham medo da pandemia tiveram maior probabilidade de serem inativos fisicamente. Já os grupos que tiveram menor probabilidade para o desfecho foram os que tiveram redução na renda, os que saíram mais de casa para atividades essenciais e não-essenciais, os que passaram a trabalhar em casa, os que cumpriram o distanciamento social e os que tinham algum fator de risco para COVID-19. Os achados indicam que um a cada dois universitários brasileiros são inativos fisicamente e os principais fatores de risco foram continuar trabalhando normalmente e medo da pandemia. Recomendam-se intervenções para promover a atividade física, especialmente para os grupos mais afetados pela pandemia de COVID-19

Excessive use of social media by high school students in southern Brazil / Uso excessivo de redes sociais por estudantes de ensino médio do sul do Brasil

Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of excessive use of social media and associated factors, as well as possible health consequences in high school students in southern Brazil. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with high school students in the city of Rio Grande, RS. All students who were attending high school at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, were eligible for this research in the second semester of 2019. In total, 513 students participated in the study. The dependent variable was excessive use of social media, defined as more than five hours per day. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out and the Poisson regression was used to verify associations, with robust adjustment of variance. Results: The prevalence of students who reported excessive use of social media was 35.9%. The groups that were most susceptible to excessive use of social media had the following profile: female, black/brown skin, aged between 18 and 20 years old, attending the first year of high school. Excessive use of social media was shown to be associated with smoking, risk of depression, anxiety and stress, high risk of suicide and drug use. Conclusions: More than a third of students used social media excessively. This behavior was associated with negative health outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do uso excessivo de redes sociais e identificar os seus fatores associados em estudantes do ensino médio do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional. Foram elegíveis para esta pesquisa todos os estudantes que estavam cursando o ensino médio no Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, no 2º semestre de 2019. No total, 513 alunos participaram do estudo. A variável dependente deste estudo foi o uso excessivo de redes sociais, definido como mais de cinco horas por dia. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas e, para verificar as associações, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados: A prevalência de estudantes que relataram uso excessivo de redes sociais foi de 35,9%. Os grupos mais suscetíveis a usar excessivamente as redes sociais foram: sexo feminino, cor de pele preta/parda e faixa etária entre 18 e 20 anos. Houve associação entre uso excessivo de redes sociais com tabagismo, risco de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, risco elevado de suicídio e uso de drogas. Conclusões: Mais de um terço dos estudantes usava em excesso as redes sociais. Esse comportamento esteve associado com desfechos negativos em saúde.

Socioeconomic inequalities in the access to health services: a population-based study in Southern Brazil / Desigualdades socioeconômicas no acesso aos serviços de saúde: um estudo de base populacional no sul do Brasil

Abstract This article aims to measure socioeconomic inequalities regarding access to health services, contact with health professionals, and specific health interventions. This was a cross-sectional population-based study with individuals aged 18 years or older, living in the city of Rio Grande. The outcomes were the following: Family Health Strategy (FHS) coverage; having a health insurance plan; receiving a visit of a community health worker; medical consultation; dental consultation; dietary counseling; having a class with a physical education professional; flu vaccination; mammography, cytopathological and prostate exams. Relative and absolute measures were used to assess inequalities in the distribution of the outcomes. There was a response rate of 91% (1,300 adults were interviewed). Coverage indicators ranged from 16.1%, for having a class with a physical education professional, to 80.0% for medical consultation. FHS coverage and visit of a community health agent presented higher proportions among the poorest while outcomes regarding contact with health professionals, screening exams and flu vaccine were more prevalent among richest group. We observed low coverage levels of access to health services and professionals in addition to marked socioeconomic inequalities.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é mensurar desigualdades socioeconômicas no acesso a serviços de saúde, no contato com profissionais e em intervenções específicas. Estudo transversal de base populacional com indivíduos (18 anos ou mais) vivendo em Rio Grande. Os desfechos mensurados foram: cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), plano de saúde, visita do agente comunitário de saúde, consulta médica, consulta com dentista, aconselhamento nutricional, aula com professor de educação física, vacina da gripe, mamografia, exames citopatológico e de próstata. Medidas de desigualdade absolutas e relativas foram utilizadas para avaliar a distribuição dos desfechos. A taxa de resposta foi de 91% (1.300 adultos entrevistados). A cobertura dos indicadores variou de 16,1%, para ter aula com professor de educação física, a 80,0%, para consulta médica. Cobertura de ESF e visita do agente comunitário de saúde apresentaram maior proporções entre os mais pobres, enquanto desfechos de contato com profissionais de saúde, exames de rastreamento e vacina da gripe foram mais prevalentes entre os mais ricos. Foram observadas baixas coberturas de acesso aos serviços e contato com profissionais, bem como desigualdades sociodemográficas importantes.