Cholecystitis-an uncommon complication following thoracic duct embolization for chylothorax: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Chylothorax is an uncommon condition in which chyle leaks into the pleural cavity, and biliary peritonitis is a rare complication of thoracic duct embolization in clinical practice. CASE SUMMARY: We describe the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with chylothorax and underwent thoracic duct embolization using a coil and a mixture of histoacryl glue and lipiodol. The patient developed upper abdominal pain and fever after the intervention. She was diagnosed with biliary peritonitis and treated with cholecystectomy at Hanoi Medical University Hospital. CONCLUSION: Although thoracic duct embolization is considered a safe and minimally invasive procedure, it is not without risk. Following thoracic duct embolization, severe or persistent abdominal pain should be explored utilizing imaging data and laboratory results to determine problems as soon as possible.

Steroid glycosides isolated from Paris polyphylla var. chinensis aerial parts and paris saponin II induces G1/S-phase MCF-7 cell cycle arrest.

In our previous research on Vietnamese medicinal plants, we found that the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis exhibited cytotoxic effects in vitro in the MCF-7 human cancer cell line. Here, we used combined chromatographic separations to isolate six compounds including a new steroid glycoside, paripoloside A (3), and five known compounds, from the butanol extract of the aerial parts of P. polyphylla. We unambiguously elucidated their structures based on spectroscopic data (proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, heteronuclear single quantum coherence, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, correlation spectroscopy, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy data), and chemical reactions. Among the isolated compounds, paris saponin II (PSII) had the strongest cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, PSII significantly increased the expression of p53, p21, p27, and Bax protein levels and significantly suppressed the expression of cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma protein. These data suggest that PSII may induce G1/S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis pathway development in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the MCF-7 breast cancer cells mechanism of PSII was also investigated using molecular docking. Together, our results demonstrate that isolated compounds from P. polyphylla are promising candidates as breast cancer inhibitors.

Percutaneous embolization of hepatic lymphorrhea post-hepatectomy.

Abdominal effusion due to hepatic lymphorrhea post-hepatectomy is an extremely rare and complex complication in clinical practice. No standard treatment method has been established for this condition to date. We report a case of complicated intra-abdominal lymphatic leakage in a patient following hepatectomy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient underwent percutaneous embolization of the hilar hepatic lymphatic system, combined with intensive medical treatment. Percutaneous embolization represents a safe and effective method that should be considered as a first-line treatment for this complication.

Percutaneous Transhepatic Holmium Laser Lithotripsy for Giant Biliary Stones.

This case report describes a young female patient with a history of surgery to treat choledochal cyst since childhood who was admitted to our hospital with cholangitis. An imaging examination revealed giant stones that almost completely filled the intrahepatic biliary tract. The patient underwent percutaneous transhepatic lithotripsy using a holmium laser. After the lithotripsy, cholangiography showed no residual stones. The patient displayed clinical improvement and was discharged after 14 days in the hospital. This case serves as a reminder of gallstone complications that can occur subsequent to choledochal cyst surgery with biliary-enteric anastomosis and emphasizes many outstanding advantages of percutaneous transhepatic lithotripsy compared with classical surgery.

Diagnosis and treatment of hemosuccus pancreaticus induced by intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: a case report and review of the literature.

Determining the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding is critical to determining appropriate treatment. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding from the pancreas, referred to hemosuccus pancreaticus, is a rare entity that can cause massive and life-threatening bleeding. Diagnosis remains challenging, and the mortality rate of hemosuccus pancreaticus remains high, ranging from 9.6%-90%. In this article, we present a case that was successfully diagnosed and treated at the Department of General Surgery, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, and a review of the available literature regarding this rare disease.

A case report of pericallosal aneurysm successfully treated with flow diverter stents.

Pericallosal artery aneurysm (PAA) is a relatively uncommon type of intracranial aneurysm that tends to rupture more frequently and cause higher mortality rates than other types of cerebral aneurysms. Surgery to address PAA is difficult due to its deep-seated location, the size of the aneurysmal sac, and the limited surgical field. In recent years, with the development of percutaneous interventions, endovascular treatment has become the preferred, minimally invasive intervention method for the treatment of pericallosal aneurysms. In this article, we present a case of PAA that was successfully treated with flow diversion therapy in a 51-year-old male.

Emergency embolization for breast pseudoaneurysm following vacuum-assisted biopsy: a case report.

Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) is a minimally invasive procedure and has become an important treatment method. Although VABB is a minimally invasive procedure, it might cause complications, particularly those associated with blood vessels. In this article, we aimed to describe a 35-year-old female who experienced pseudoaneurysm post-VABB and was successfully treated with embolization. She presented to the hospital with a suspected left breast tumor. The pathology report after biopsy confirmed fibroadenoma, and the patient underwent VABB to remove the tumor. One hour after VABB, the patient described pain and swelling at the location of the removed tumor. Breast ultrasound revealed a hematoma and pseudoaneurysm. The bleeding did not stop following the application of manual compression. Breast hemorrhage was controlled by endovascular embolization. Pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon complication of VABB, and embolization represents an effective method for the management of breast pseudoaneurysm.

A Computed Tomographic Study of Vietnamese C1-C2 Morphology for Atlantoaxial Crew Fixation Techniques.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to define variations in radiological C1 and C2 measurements among Vietnamese subjects and to determine the feasibility of implementing C1-2 fixation techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 2017 to April 2018, 120 patients underwent thin slide computed tomography (CT) scans of the cervical spine, in our hospital. Various dimensions of the C1 and C2 were analyzed, using axial and sagittal reconstructions of CT images. Differences in characteristics between the two sides and between sexes were investigated, using Student's t-test, with significance at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean anteroposterior dimension and the transverse width of the C1 lateral mass were 19.7 ± 2.1 mm and 12.2 ± 1.7 mm, respectively. The mean angles of the screw, directed to the maximal medial, lateral, cranial, and caudal directions, were 36.6 ± 2.8°, 28.2 ± 3.0°, 49.6 ± 4.1°, and 26.4 ± 5.5°, respectively. The average isthmus height, internal height, and pedicle width of the C2 were 5.8 ± 1.0 mm, 4.8 ± 1.3 mm, and 5.0 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. No significant differences were observed for any parameters, between the left and right side of the C1 or C2 or between the two sexes. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the morphology of the C1 and C2 did not differ between genders in the studied subjects, but morphologic variations exist between Vietnamese subjects and other populations. Pre-operative anatomy evaluations based on CT data are essential be performed for screw placement and trajectory planning to avoid neurovascular complications and to enhance the treatment outcome.

Profiling SNP and Nucleotide Diversity to Characterize Mekong Delta Rice Landraces in Southeast Asian Populations.

CORE IDEAS: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses are a powerful tool to examine structure of local rice population. 3000 dataset of IRRI facilitates SNP profiling of Southeast Asian rice populations. Mekong Delta population is featured by comparisons with the other populations. The low π-value SNPs well-profile unique genetic regions in their genomes. Recent analyses using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are a feasible mean for local collections which potentially possess useful, but not large, genetic variations. Genomic sequences of more than 3000 accessions released by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) can be used to characterize various local rice (Oryza sativa) populations. The aim of this study was to develop a method to facilitate genomic characterization of local rice populations. We mainly used 99 indica rice accessions (81 landraces and 18 improved varieties) from the Mekong Delta Development Research Institute (MDI). We obtained 2301 SNPs after a genomic sequencing analysis of the 99 rice accessions and subsequent filtering. Within the IRRI's dataset, the landraces fell into a cluster consisting of accessions from Southeast Asian countries (Ind3 cluster), and the MDI improved varieties were grouped in a cluster containing IRRI improved varieties (Ind1B cluster). A principal component analysis suggested that geographical location strongly affects phylogenetic relationships, and the MDI landraces were placed into a Vietnam+Cambodia group. To detect the nucleotide diversity within a population, π-value is commonly used. We think that whole genome distribution of π-values representing the nucleotide diversity of each population can be used to characterize local populations. Our simple profiling using low π-value genomic regions was able to reveal regional characteristics of rice genomes and should be useful for identifying local rice populations.

An improved HPLC-DAD method for quantitative comparisons of triterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum and its five related species originating from Vietnam.

An HPLC-DAD method for the quality control of wild and cultivated Ganoderma lucidum (Linhzhi) and related species samples was developed and validated. The quantitative determination of G. lucidum and its related species using 14 triterpene constituents, including nine ganoderma acids (compounds 4-12), four alcohols (compounds 13-16), and one sterol (ergosterol, 17) were reported. The standard curves were linear over the concentration range of 7.5-180 µg/mL. The LOD and LOQ values for the analyses varied from 0.34 to 1.41 µg/mL and from 1.01 to 4.23 µg/mL, respectively. The percentage recovery of each reference compound was found to be from 97.09% to 100.79%, and the RSD (%) was less than 2.35%. The precision and accuracy ranged from 0.81%-3.20% and 95.38%-102.19% for intra-day, and from 0.43%-3.67% and 96.63%-103.09% for inter-day, respectively. The study disclosed in detail significant differences between the quantities of analyzed compounds in different samples. The total triterpenes in wild Linhzhi samples were significantly higher than in cultivated ones. The total constituent contents of the five related Linhzhi samples were considerably lower than that in the G. lucidum specimens, except for G. australe as its constituent content outweighed wild Linhzhi's content by 4:1.

In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effect of ganodermanontriol against t-BHP-induced oxidative stress.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. (Ganodermataceae) is a mushroom which is used as a traditional remedy in the treatment of human diseases such as hepatitis, liver disorders, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, bronchitis and tumorigenic diseases. This study targets the evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of ganodermanontriol, a sterol isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, and the investigation of its mechanism of action in Hepa1c1c7 and murine liver cells upon tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced inflammation. t-BHP was utilized to stimulate an anti-inflammatory reaction in the hepatic cell lines and murine hepatic tissue examined. Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to estimate the expression of ganodermanontriol (GDT)-induced proteins, including heme oxidase-1 (HO-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as the corresponding mRNA. Luciferase assays were conducted to evaluate the interaction between NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2), the antioxidant response element (ARE), and the promoter region of the HO-1 gene and subsequent gene expression. Biochemical markers for hepatotoxicity were monitored to assess whether GDT protected the cells from the t-BHP-mediated oxidative stimuli. RESULTS: GDT induced HO-1 expression via the activation of Nrf-2 nuclear translocation and the subsequent transcription of the HO-1 gene in vitro and in vivo, which seemed to be regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and p38 signaling pathways. GDT exhibited in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective activity as determined by the lowered levels of hepatic enzymes and malondialdehydes and the elevated glutathione levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study validates the ethnopharmacological application of Ganoderma lucidum as a treatment for hepatic disorders. GDT induced in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in t-BHP-damaged hepatic cells through the expression of HO-1, and in which PI3K/Akt and p38 kinases are involved. Our study motivates further research in the exploration of potent hepatoprotective agents from Ganoderma lucidum.