An integrated knowledge translation (iKT) approach to advancing community-based depression care in Vietnam: lessons from an ongoing research-policy collaboration.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based mental health policies are key to supporting the expansion of community-based mental health care and are increasingly being developed in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this, research on the process of mental health policy development in LMICs is limited. Engagement between researchers and policy makers via an integrated Knowledge Translation (iKT) approach can help to facilitate the process of evidence-based policy making. This paper provides a descriptive case study of a decade-long policy and research collaboration between partners in Vietnam, Canada and Australia to advance mental health policy for community-based depression care in Vietnam. METHODS: This descriptive case study draws on qualitative data including team meeting minutes, a focus group discussion with research team leaders, and key informant interviews with two Vietnamese policy makers. Our analysis draws on Murphy et al.'s (2021) findings and recommendations related to stakeholder engagement in global mental health research. RESULTS: Consistent with Murphy et al.'s findings, facilitating factors across three thematic categories were identified. Related to 'the importance of understanding context', engagement between researchers and policy partners from the formative research stage provided a foundation for engagement that aligned with local priorities. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst to further advance the prioritization of mental heath by the Government of Vietnam. 'The nature of engagement' is also important, with findings demonstrating that long-term policy engagement was facilitated by continuous funding mechanisms that have enabled trust-building and allowed the research team to respond to local priorities over time. 'Communication and dissemination' are also crucial, with the research team supporting mental health awareness-raising among policy makers and the community, including via capacity building initiatives. CONCLUSIONS: This case study identifies factors influencing policy engagement for mental health system strengthening in an LMIC setting. Sustained engagement with policy leaders helps to ensure alignment with local priorities, thus facilitating uptake and scale-up. Funding agencies can play a crucial role in supporting mental health system development through longer term funding mechanisms. Increased research related to the policy engagement process in global mental health will further support policy development and improvement in mental health care in LMICs.

Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a digital, app-based intervention for depression (VMood) in community-based settings in Vietnam: Protocol for a stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial.

The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified mental health problems and highlighted inequitable gaps in care worldwide. In response there has been an explosion of digital interventions such as smartphone applications ("apps") to extend care. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a digital depression intervention (VMood), delivered via a smartphone app. VMood is adapted from an in-person intervention that was delivered by non-specialist providers and shown to be effective in the Vietnamese context in our previous trial (2016-2019). A stepped-wedge, randomized controlled trial will be conducted across eight provinces in Vietnam. Adults aged 18 years and over will be recruited through community-based primary care centres and screened for depression using the embedded Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (primary outcome measure). Participants scoring 10-19, indicating depression caseness, will be randomly allocated to the intervention or control group until the target of 336 is reached. Secondary outcome measures will examine the effect of the intervention on commonly co-occuring anxiety, quality of life and work productivity, along with use of alcohol and tobacco products. Assessments will be administered through an online survey platform (REDCap) at baseline, and at every 3 months until 3 months post-intervention. Intervention-group participants will receive VMood for a 3-month period, with online support provided by social workers. Control-group participants will receive a limited version of the app until they cross into the intervention group. Generalized Linear Mixed-effect Models for clustered measures will be used for all outcomes data. We will conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis alongside the trial to capture VMood's costs and benefits. This trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a digital mental health intervention adapted from an in-person intervention. This trial will also contribute important information to the growing and promising field of digital mental health. Trail regulation. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier [NCT05783531].

Multiepitope Subunit Peptide-Based Nanovaccine against Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Elicited High Antibody Titers in Vaccinated Mice.

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection is one of the most serious threats to the swine industry. While the disease can be prevented, to some extent, by commercial PCV2a vaccines, the evolving nature of PCV2 necessitates the development of a novel vaccine that can compete with the mutations of the virus. Thus, we have developed novel multiepitope vaccines based on the PCV2b variant. Three PCV2b capsid protein epitopes, together with a universal T helper epitope, were synthesized and formulated with five delivery systems/adjuvants: complete Freund's adjuvant, poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), poly(hydrophobic amino acid), liposomes and rod-shaped polymeric nanoparticles built from polystyrene-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly(N-dimethylacrylamide). Mice were subcutaneously immunized with the vaccine candidates three times at three-week intervals. All vaccinated mice produced high antibody titters after three immunizations as analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while mice vaccinated with PMA-adjuvanted vaccine elicited high antibody titers even after a single immunization. Thus, the multiepitope PCV2 vaccine candidates designed and examined here show strong potential for further development.

Not Just Another Methanation Catalyst: Depleted Uranium Meets Nickel for a High-Performing Process Under Autothermal Regime.

Invited for this month's cover are collaborating teams from academia-the French ICPEES and IS2M of Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) and the Italian ICCOM of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-and industry with the participation of the ORANO group. The cover picture shows a CO2 -to-CH4 process promoted by nickel nanoparticles supported on depleted uranium oxide under exceptionally low temperature values or autothermal conditions. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201859.

Adsorptive removal of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using novel nanoparticles based on cationic surfactant-coated titania nanoparticles.

A novel nanomaterial based on cationic surfactant-coated TiO2 nanoparticle (CCTN) was systematically fabricated in this work. Synthesized titania nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by XRD, FT-IR, HR-TEM, TEM-EDX, SEM with EDX mapping, BET, and ζ potential measurements. The adsorption of cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), on TiO2 was studied under various pH and ionic strength conditions. Adsorption of CTAB on TiO2 increased with ionic strength increment in the presence of hemimicelle monolayer structure, indicating that nonelectrostatic and electrostatic forces control CTAB uptake. CTAB adsorption isotherms on TiO2 were according to a two-step model. Potential application in pesticide removal of 2,4-dichorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) using CCTN was also studied. Optimum parameters for 2,4-D treatment through adsorption technique were pH 5, adsorption time of 120 min, and CCTN dosage of 10 mg·mL-1. Very low 2,4-D removal efficiency using TiO2 without CTAB coating was found to be approximately 28.5% whereas the removal efficiency was up to about 90% by using CCTN under optimum conditions, and the maximum adsorption capacity of 12.79 mg·g-1 was found. Adsorption isotherms of 2,4-D on CCTN were more suitable with the Langmuir model than Freundlich. Adsorption mechanisms of 2,4-D on CCTN were mainly governed by Columbic attraction based on isotherms and surface charge changes.

Towards the development of subunit vaccines against tuberculosis: The key role of adjuvant.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death triggered by a single infectious agent, worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only currently licensed anti-TB vaccine. However, other strategies, including modification of recombinant BCG vaccine, attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mutant constructs, DNA and protein subunit vaccines, are under extensive investigation. As whole pathogen vaccines can trigger serious adverse reactions, most current strategies are focused on the development of safe anti-TB subunit vaccines; this is especially important given the rising TB infection rate in immunocompromised HIV patients. The whole Mtb genome has been mapped and major antigens have been identified; however, optimal vaccine delivery mode is still to be established. Isolated protein antigens are typically poorly immunogenic so adjuvants are required to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. This article aims to review the developmental status of anti-TB subunit vaccine adjuvants.

Not Just Another Methanation Catalyst: Depleted Uranium Meets Nickel for a High-Performing Process Under Autothermal Regime.

Ni-based catalysts prepared through impregnation of depleted uranium oxides (DU) have successfully been employed as highly efficient, selective, and durable systems for CO2 hydrogenation to substituted natural gas (SNG; CH4 ) under an autothermal regime. The thermo-physical properties of DU and the unique electronic structure of f-block metal-oxides combined with a nickel active phase, generated an ideal catalytic assembly for turning waste energy back into useful energy for catalysis. In particular, Ni/UOx stood out for the capacity of DU matrix to control the extra heat (hot-spots) generated at its surface by the highly exothermic methanation process. At odds with the benchmark Ni/γ-Al2 O3 catalyst, the double action played by DU as a "thermal mass" and "dopant" for the nickel active phase unveiled the unique performance of Ni/UOx composites as CO2 methanation catalysts. The ability of the weakly radioactive ceramic (UOx ) to harvest waste heat for more useful purposes was demonstrated in practice within a rare example of a highly effective and long-term methanation operated under autothermal regime (i. e., without any external heating source). This finding is an unprecedented example that allows a real step-forward in the intensification of "low-temperature" methanation with an effective reduction of energy wastes. At the same time, the proposed catalytic technology can be regarded as an original approach to recycle and bring to a second life a less-severe nuclear by-product (DU), providing a valuable alternative to its more costly long-term storage or controlled disposal.

Sulfur-DMSO promoted oxidative coupling of active methylhetarenes with amines: access to amides.

The elemental sulfur-DMSO couple was found to efficiently promote the oxidative coupling of active methylhetarenes with amines to yield amides under simple heating conditions. When 2-methylquinoline was used as the methylhetarene component, the formation of the expected 2-quinolinecarboxamides from anilines could be efficiently catalyzed by iron, nickel and cobalt salts. The method displayed good functional group tolerance and was applicable to aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic amines. Other substrates such as phenylacetic acid, dibenzyl disulfide, and benzylamine could act as competent partners in place of methylhetarenes.

Successful conservative management of a spontaneous hemorrhagic uterine rupture at 18 weeks of gestation.

Prelabor uterine rupture is a very rare complication of pregnancy that in most cases occurs when there is a history of uterine surgery. Maternal and neonatal morbidity is significant. Most often, the pregnancy must be terminated to rescue both the mother and the newborn, if possible. We report the case of a patient who had a pre-labor uterine rupture at 18 weeks of gestation (WG) complicated by massive hemoperitoneum. Emergency surgery with conservative management allowed the pregnancy to continue until 32+3 WG. In very rare situations of uterine rupture at a very early term, conservative management appears to be an acceptable solution to allow the pregnancy to continue until a sufficient gestational age to limit complications related to prematurity.

Social media study of public opinions on potential COVID-19 vaccines: informing dissent, disparities, and dissemination.

Background The current development of vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unprecedented. Little is known, however, about the nuanced public opinions on the vaccines on social media. Methods We adopted a human-guided machine learning framework using more than six million tweets from almost two million unique Twitter users to capture public opinions on the vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, classifying them into three groups: pro-vaccine, vaccine-hesitant, and anti-vaccine. After feature inference and opinion mining, 10,945 unique Twitter users were included in the study population. Multinomial logistic regression and counterfactual analysis were conducted. Results Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups were more likely to hold polarized opinions on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, either pro-vaccine ( B = 0.40 , SE = 0.08 , P < 0.001 , OR = 1.49 ; 95 % CI = 1.26 -- 1.75 ) or anti-vaccine ( B = 0.52 , SE = 0.06 , P < 0.001 , OR = 1.69 ; 95 % CI = 1.49 -- 1.91 ). People who have the worst personal pandemic experience were more likely to hold the anti-vaccine opinion ( B = - 0.18 , SE = 0.04 , P < 0.001 , OR = 0.84 ; 95 % CI = 0.77 -- 0.90 ). The United States public is most concerned about the safety, effectiveness, and political issues regarding vaccines for COVID-19, and improving personal pandemic experience increases the vaccine acceptance level. Conclusion Opinion on COVID-19 vaccine uptake varies across people of different characteristics.

Chemical Conjugation Strategies for the Development of Protein-Based Subunit Nanovaccines.

The production of subunit nanovaccines relies heavily on the development of a vaccine delivery system that is safe and efficient at delivering antigens to the target site. Nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for vaccine delivery over the years, as they often possess self-adjuvanting properties. The conjugation of antigens to nanoparticles by covalent bonds ensures co-delivery of these components to the same subset of immune cells in order to trigger the desired immune responses. Herein, we review covalent conjugation strategies for grafting protein or peptide antigens onto other molecules or nanoparticles to obtain subunit nanovaccines. We also discuss the advantages of chemical conjugation in developing these vaccines.

Dataset of Vietnamese teachers' habits and motivation behind continuous professional development programs participation.

In every educational system, teacher development has a vital role in its sector and the health of the social, cultural, and economic sectors. For this redeeming feature, all stakeholders such as education policymakers, school superintendents, and school faculties make a big room for teachers' improvement throughout continuous professional development (CPD) provisions. However, to embark on a new educational adventure is a challenging target to meet, especially when the teacher frames their teaching and learning concept years after years. We decided to survey Vietnamese teachers' habits and motivation to trace their origin back to teachers' partaking reason in these programs. This dataset acquisition occurred from 24 Sep 2019 to 26 Mar 2020 and approached public and private schools (using traditional, bi-lingual, or international curriculum). Overall, the dataset includes 464 observations (263 Vietnamese teachers and 202 expatriate teachers) from 48 K-12 schools across Vietnam. The researchers divided this dataset into three main sections, including (i) The demographic information; (ii) Teacher's CPD habits; and (iii) Teacher's perceptions concerning Project-based and Problem-based Learning (PBL).

Highly Nickel-Loaded γ-Alumina Composites for a Radiofrequency-Heated, Low-Temperature CO2 Methanation Scheme.

In this work, we joined highly Ni-loaded γ-Al2 O3 composites, straightforwardly prepared by impregnation methods, with an induction heating setup suited to control, almost in real-time, any temperature swing at the catalyst sites (i. e., "hot spots" ignition) caused by an exothermic reaction at the heart of the power-to-gas (P2G) chain: CO2 methanation. We have shown how the combination of a poor thermal conductor (γ-Al2 O3 ) as support for large and highly interconnected nickel aggregates together with a fast heat control of the temperature at the catalytic bed allow part of the extra-heat generated by the reaction exothermicity to be reused for maintaining the catalyst under virtual isothermal conditions, hence reducing the reactor power supply. Most importantly, a highly efficient methanation scheme for substitute natural gas (SNG) production (X CO 2 up 98 % with >99 % S CH 4 ) under operative temperatures (150-230 °C) much lower than those commonly required with traditional heating setup has been proposed. As far as sustainable and environmental issues are concerned, this approach re-evaluates industrially attractive composites (and their large-scale preparation methods) for application to key processes at the heart of P2G chain while providing robust catalysts for which risks associated to nano-objects leaching phenomena are markedly reduced if not definitively suppressed.

Plasmonic Ag-Decorated Few-Layer MoS2 Nanosheets Vertically Grown on Graphene for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

A controllable approach that combines surface plasmon resonance and two-dimensional (2D) graphene/MoS2 heterojunction has not been implemented despite its potential for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this study, plasmonic Ag-decorated 2D MoS2 nanosheets were vertically grown on graphene substrates in a practical large-scale manner through metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of MoS2 and thermal evaporation of Ag. The plasmonic Ag-decorated MoS2 nanosheets on graphene yielded up to 10 times higher photo-to-dark current ratio than MoS2 nanosheets on indium tin oxide. The significantly enhanced PEC activity could be attributed to the synergetic effects of SPR and favorable graphene/2D MoS2 heterojunction. Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles not only increased visible-light and near-infrared absorption of 2D MoS2, but also induced highly amplified local electric field intensity in 2D MoS2. In addition, the vertically aligned 2D MoS2 on graphene acted as a desirable heterostructure for efficient separation and transportation of photo-generated carriers. This study provides a promising path for exploiting the full potential of 2D MoS2 for practical large-scale and efficient PEC water-splitting applications.

Nickel Sulfides Decorated SiC Foam for the Low Temperature Conversion of H2S into Elemental Sulfur.

The selective oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur was carried out on a NiS2/SiCfoam catalyst under reaction temperatures between 40 and 80 °C using highly H2S enriched effluents (from 0.5 to 1 vol.%). The amphiphilic properties of SiC foam provide an ideal support for the anchoring and growth of a NiS2 active phase. The NiS2/SiC composite was employed for the desulfurization of highly H2S-rich effluents under discontinuous mode with almost complete H2S conversion (nearly 100% for 0.5 and 1 vol.% of H2S) and sulfur selectivity (from 99.6 to 96.0% at 40 and 80 °C, respectively), together with an unprecedented sulfur-storage capacity. Solid sulfur was produced in large aggregates at the outer catalyst surface and relatively high H2S conversion was maintained until sulfur deposits reached 140 wt.% of the starting catalyst weight. Notably, the spent NiS2/SiCfoam catalyst fully recovered its pristine performance (H2S conversion, selectivity and sulfur-storage capacity) upon regeneration at 320 °C under He, and thus, it is destined to become a benchmark desulfurization system for operating in discontinuous mode.

A highly N-doped carbon phase "dressing" of macroscopic supports for catalytic applications.

The straightforward "dressing" of macroscopically shaped supports (i.e.ß-SiC and α-Al2O3) with a mesoporous and highly nitrogen-doped carbon-phase starting from food-processing raw materials is described. The as-prepared composites serve as highly efficient and selective metal-free catalysts for promoting industrial key-processes at the heart of renewable energy technology and environmental protection.

CASD-NMR 2: robust and accurate unsupervised analysis of raw NOESY spectra and protein structure determination with UNIO.

UNIO is a comprehensive software suite for protein NMR structure determination that enables full automation of all NMR data analysis steps involved--including signal identification in NMR spectra, sequence-specific backbone and side-chain resonance assignment, NOE assignment and structure calculation. Within the framework of the second round of the community-wide stringent blind NMR structure determination challenge (CASD-NMR 2), we participated in two categories of CASD-NMR 2, namely using either raw NMR spectra or unrefined NOE peak lists as input. A total of 15 resulting NMR structure bundles were submitted for 9 out of 10 blind protein targets. All submitted UNIO structures accurately coincided with the corresponding blind targets as documented by an average backbone root mean-square deviation to the reference proteins of only 1.2 Å. Also, the precision of the UNIO structure bundles was virtually identical to the ensemble of reference structures. By assessing the quality of all UNIO structures submitted to the two categories, we find throughout that only the UNIO-ATNOS/CANDID approach using raw NMR spectra consistently yielded structure bundles of high quality for direct deposition in the Protein Data Bank. In conclusion, the results obtained in CASD-NMR 2 are another vital proof for robust, accurate and unsupervised NMR data analysis by UNIO for real-world applications.