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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate dentin wear and biological performance of desensitizing materials. METHODS: Seventy bovine root dentin blocks were sectioned. Half of the surface of each specimen was untreated (control) and the other half was immersed in EDTA and treated with the following desensitizing materials: placebo varnish (PLA), fluoride varnish (FLU), sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish + sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), universal adhesive (SBU), S-PRG varnish (SPRG), biosilicate (BIOS), and amelotin solution (AMTN). After application, the specimens were submitted to an erosive-abrasive challenge and the wear analyzed by optical profilometer. Serial dilutions of extracts obtained from the culture medium containing discs impregnated with those desensitizers were applied on fibroblasts and odontoblasts-like cells cultures. Cytotoxicity and production of total protein (TP) by colorimetric assays were determined after 24 h. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's, One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: No dentin wear was observed only for SBU. The lowest dentin wear was observed for AMTN and TMP. Cell viability was significantly reduced after treatment with undiluted extracts of PLA, FLU, TMP and SBU in fibroblasts and TMP and SBU in odontoblast-like cells. SPRG, BIOS and AMTN were cytocompatible at all dilutions tested. Considering TP results, no statistical difference was observed among the groups and high levels for TP were observed after TMP and FLU treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Universal adhesive system may protect dentin with opened tubules from wear after challenge. Extracts of adhesive and fluoride varnishes presented cytotoxic mainly on fibroblasts. The enamel protein may be a future alternative to treat dentin with opened tubules because it may cause low wear under erosive-abrasive challenge with low cytotoxic effects.
Subject(s)
Dentin Desensitizing Agents , Dentin , Sodium Fluoride , Animals , Cattle , Dentin Desensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Sodium Fluoride/pharmacology , Dentin/drug effects , Fluorides, Topical/pharmacology , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Tooth Wear , Materials Testing , Polyphosphates/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Plant-based insecticides offer advantages such as negligible residual effects, reduced risks to both humans and the environment, and immunity to resistance issues that plague conventional chemicals. However, the practical use of monoterpenes in insect control has been hampered by challenges including their poor solubility and stability in aqueous environments. In recent years, the application of nanotechnology-based formulations, specifically nanoemulsions, has emerged as a prospective strategy to surmount these obstacles. In this study, we developed and characterized nanoemulsions based on cymene and myrcene and assessed their toxicity both in vitro using human keratinocytes (HaCAT) cells and in an in vivo model involving Galleria mellonella larvae. Additionally, we investigated the insecticidal efficacy of monoterpenes against the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the primary dengue vector, via larval bioassay. Employing a low-energy approach, we successfully generated nanoemulsions. The cymene-based nanoemulsion exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 98 nm and a zeta potential of -25 mV. The myrcene-based nanoemulsion displayed a hydrodynamic diameter of 118 nm and a zeta potential of -20 mV. Notably, both nanoemulsions demonstrated stability over 60 days, accompanied by controlled release properties and low toxicity towards HaCAT cells and Galleria mellonella larvae. Moreover, the nanoemulsions exhibited significant lethality against third-instar Aedes aegypti larvae at a concentration of 50 mg/L. In conclusion, the utilization of nanoemulsions encapsulating cymene and myrcene presents a promising avenue for overcoming the limitations associated with poor solubility and stability of monoterpenes. This study sheds light on the potential of the nanoemulsions as effective and environmentally friendly insecticides in the ongoing battle against mosquito-borne diseases.
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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active oxygen-releasing gel as an adjuvant, with and without antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), in the treatment of residual pockets in periodontal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). METHODS: Patients with residual pockets with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) were divided into the following groups: SI (n = 17)-subgingival instrumentation in a single session; BM (n = 17)-SI followed by local application of active oxygen-releasing gel inside the periodontal pocket for 3 min; BM + aPDT (n = 17)-SI followed by application of BM for 3 min and pocket irrigation with methylene blue, and 660-nm diode laser irradiation at 100 mW for 50 s. The periodontal clinical parameters, serum levels of glycated hemoglobin, and immunological analysis of crevicular fluid were evaluated. All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α = 5%). RESULTS: A significant reduction in BOP was verified at 90 and 180 days in the BM + aPDT group. The percentage of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm was significantly reduced at 90 days in BM + aPDT and BM, whereas after 180 days only BM showed a significant reduction. In the BM + aPDT group, there was a significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor α levels at 90 days. There were no differences between the treatments. CONCLUSION: The use of adjuvant active oxygen-releasing gel, with or without aPDT, resulted in the same clinical benefits as SI in the treatment of residual pockets in poorly controlled DM2 patients.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Gels , Gingival Crevicular Fluid , Glycated Hemoglobin , Lasers, Semiconductor , Methylene Blue , Periodontal Index , Periodontal Pocket , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents , Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Photochemotherapy/methods , Periodontal Pocket/drug therapy , Periodontal Pocket/therapy , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry , Methylene Blue/therapeutic use , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Aged , Follow-Up Studies , Combined Modality Therapy , Adult , Dental Scaling/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Aim: This study evaluated the short-term clinical and microbiological performance of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) cement containing chlorhexidine (CHX) for atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in primary teeth. Materials and methods: The clinical trial was conducted in 36 children that received ART in primary molars either with GIC (group I, n = 18) or GIC containing 1.25% CHX (group II, n = 18). The survival rate of restorations was checked 7 days, 3, and 6 months after their application when saliva and biofilm were collected for microbiological assessment of mutans streptococci (MS) counts. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney U tests for clinical analysis and microbiological evaluations (p < 0.05). Results: The survival rate of restorations was similar comparing groups I with II. Microbiological analysis showed a significant reduction in MS levels 7 days after the treatment in both saliva and biofilm of children treated with RM-GIC containing CHX (group II); however, MS counts at 3 and 6 months did not differ from the initial counts. Conclusion: A total of 1.25% CHX improved the microbiological properties of GIC in the short term without impairing the clinical performance of ART restorations. Clinical significance: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing CHX could be an alternative in ART procedures with the objective of promoting an additional antimicrobial effect, which is interesting for children with high counts of MS during the initial phase of adaptation to dental treatment. How to cite this article: da Silva ME, de Sena MD, Colombo NH, et al. Short-term Clinical and Microbiological Performance of Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Chlorhexidine for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S27-S32.
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BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global health challenge that has led researchers to study alternatives to conventional antibiotics. A promising alternative is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced as the first line of defense by almost all living organisms. To improve its biological activity, the conjugation of AMPs is a promising approach. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the N-terminal conjugation of p-Bt (a peptide derived from Bothrops Jararacuçu`s venom) with ferrocene (Fc) and gallic acid (GA). Acetylated and linear versions of p-Bt were also synthesized to evaluate the importance of N-terminal charge and dimeric structure. METHODS: The compounds were obtained using solid-phase peptide synthesis. Circular dichroism, vesicle permeabilization, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity studies were conducted. RESULTS: No increase in antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was observed by adding either Fc or GA to p-Bt. However, Fc-p-Bt and GA-p-Bt exhibited improved activity against Staphylococcus aureus. No cytotoxicity upon fibroblast was observed for GA-p-Bt. On the other hand, conjugation with Fc increased cytotoxicity. This toxicity may be related to the membrane permeabilization capacity of this bioconjugate, which showed the highest carboxyfluorescein leakage in vesicle permeabilization experiments. CONCLUSION: Considering these observations, our findings highlight the importance of adding bioactive organic compounds in the N-terminal position as a tool to modulate the activity of AMPs.
Subject(s)
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides , Gallic Acid , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry , Escherichia coli , Gallic Acid/pharmacology , Metallocenes/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Peptides/chemistry , Peptides/pharmacology , Lysine/chemistry , Lysine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
E. faecalis has been associated with bacteremia, sepsis, and bacterial endocarditis and peri-implantitis. This microorganism can remain in the alveolus even after extraction of the root remnant. This study aimed to evaluate the corrosion on different surfaces of commercially pure titanium (Ti) grade 4 (Ticp-G4) as a function of the bacterial biofilm effect of Enterococcus faecalis. A total of 57 discs were randomly divided according to their surface finish (n = 19). For microbiological analysis (n = 9), the discs were placed in 12-well plates containing E. faecalis culture and incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. The results show that for the intergroup analysis, considering the "electrolyte" factor, there was a difference between the groups. There was greater biofilm formation for the D.A.Zir group, with greater electrochemical exchange for Biofilm, and the presence of biofilm favored greater electrochemical exchange with the medium.
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Purpose: To evaluate changes in the periodontium of teeth restored with ultrathin (0.2 to 0.39 mm) ceramic laminate veneers (CLVs) placed subgingivally without a finish line compared to the same teeth before restorative treatment and to nonrestored antagonist teeth in healthy periodontium patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 CLVs were bonded onto the enamel surface of teeth without a finish line and with the cervical margin placed about 0.5 mm subgingivally. The gingival crevicular fluid was collected before bonding (baseline) and at 7, 180, and 365 days after bonding to quantify S mitis, P intermedia, and P gingivalis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and marginal adaptation were evaluated from baseline to 365 days in both groups. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in VPI, PD, or BOP at any time point in the intragroup or intergroup comparisons (P > .05). All restorations obtained the alpha concept for marginal adaptation (ie, the restoration margin remained ideal at all time points). There was a statistically significant difference for S mitis between 180 and 365 days (P = .03). No statistically significant difference was observed for P gingivalis at any time point (P > .05). Conclusion: The periodontium in the restored group showed a clinical behavior similar to baseline. Overcontouring of the ultrathin (up to 0.39 mm) CLV, similar to the cementoenamel junction convexity, did not contribute to plaque accumulation or changes in the oral microbiota of patients with a healthy periodontium and proper oral hygiene instruction.
Subject(s)
Dental Plaque , Humans , Prospective Studies , Ceramics , Dental CareABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of flavonoids incorporated into poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) hydrogel on cell viability and mineralization markers of odontoblast-like cells. MDPC-23 cells were exposed to ampelopsin (AMP), isoquercitrin (ISO), rutin (RUT) and control calcium hydroxide (CH) for evaluation of cell viability, total protein (TP) production, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule deposition by colorimetric assays. Based on an initial screening, AMP and CH were loaded into PNVCL hydrogels and had their cytotoxicity and effect on mineralization markers determined. Cell viability was above 70% when MDPC-23 cells were treated with AMP, ISO and RUT. AMP showed the highest ALP activity and mineralized nodule deposition. Extracts of PNVCL+AMP and PNVCL+CH in culture medium (at the dilutions of 1/16 and 1/32) did not affect cell viability and stimulated ALP activity and mineralized nodules' deposition, which were statistically higher than the control in osteogenic medium. In conclusion, AMP and AMP-loaded PNVCL hydrogels were cytocompatible and able to induce bio-mineralization markers in odontoblast-cells.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and synergistic effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and fosfomycin (FOSFO) on biofilms of oral bacteria associated with endodontic infections. METHODOLOGY: This study determined minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) and fractionated inhibitory concentration (FIC) of EGCG and FOSFO against Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus mutans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Monospecies and multispecies biofilms with those bacteria formed in polystyrene microplates and in radicular dentin blocks of bovine teeth were treated with the compounds and control chlorhexidine (CHX) and evaluated by bacterial counts and microscopy analysis. Toxicity effect of the compounds was determined on fibroblasts culture by methyl tetrazolium assays. RESULTS: The combination of EGCG + FOSFO demonstrated synergism against all bacterial species, with an FIC index ranging from 0.35 to 0.5. At the MIC/FIC concentrations, EGCG, FOSFO, and EGCG+FOSFO were not toxic to fibroblasts. EGCG+FOSFO significantly reduced monospecies biofilms of E. faecalis and A. israelli, whereas S. mutans and F. nucleatum biofilms were eliminated by all compounds. Scanning electron microscopy of multispecies biofilms treated with EGCG, EGCG+FOSFO, and CHX at 100x MIC showed evident biofilm disorganization and substantial reduction of extracellular matrix. Confocal microscopy observed a significant reduction of multispecies biofilms formed in dentin tubules with 84.85%, 78.49%, and 50.6% of dead cells for EGCG+FOSFO, EGCG, and CHX at 100x MIC, respectively. CONCLUSION: EGCG and fosfomycin showed a synergistic effect against biofilms of oral pathogens related to root canal infections without causing cytotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Fosfomycin , Animals , Cattle , Fosfomycin/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Chlorhexidine/pharmacology , Biofilms , Enterococcus faecalis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in young children and a public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of atypical and fast progressive caries lesions. The aggressive form of ECC, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), can lead to the destruction of the whole crown of most of the deciduous teeth and cause pain and sepsis, affecting the child's quality of life. Although the multifactorial etiology of ECC is known, including social, environmental, behavioral, and genetic determinants, there is a consensus that this disease is driven by an imbalance between the oral microbiome and host, or dysbiosis, mediated by high sugar consumption and poor oral hygiene. Knowledge of the microbiome in healthy and caries status is crucial for risk monitoring, prevention, and development of therapies to revert dysbiosis and restore oral health. Molecular biology tools, including next-generation sequencing methods and proteomic approaches, have led to the discovery of new species and microbial biomarkers that could reveal potential risk profiles for the development of ECC and new targets for anti-caries therapies. This narrative review summarized some general aspects of ECC, such as definition, epidemiology, and etiology, the influence of oral microbiota in the development and progression of ECC based on the current evidence from genomics, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies and the effect of antimicrobial intervention on oral microbiota associated with ECC. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of genetic and proteomic markers represents a promising approach to predict the risk of ECC before its clinical manifestation and plan efficient therapeutic interventions for ECC in its initial stages, avoiding irreversible dental cavitation.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Microbiota , Child , Humans , Child, Preschool , Cariostatic Agents , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Proteomics , Dysbiosis , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and synergistic effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and fosfomycin (FOSFO) on biofilms of oral bacteria associated with endodontic infections. Methodology This study determined minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) and fractionated inhibitory concentration (FIC) of EGCG and FOSFO against Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus mutans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Monospecies and multispecies biofilms with those bacteria formed in polystyrene microplates and in radicular dentin blocks of bovine teeth were treated with the compounds and control chlorhexidine (CHX) and evaluated by bacterial counts and microscopy analysis. Toxicity effect of the compounds was determined on fibroblasts culture by methyl tetrazolium assays. Results The combination of EGCG + FOSFO demonstrated synergism against all bacterial species, with an FIC index ranging from 0.35 to 0.5. At the MIC/FIC concentrations, EGCG, FOSFO, and EGCG+FOSFO were not toxic to fibroblasts. EGCG+FOSFO significantly reduced monospecies biofilms of E. faecalis and A. israelli, whereas S. mutans and F. nucleatum biofilms were eliminated by all compounds. Scanning electron microscopy of multispecies biofilms treated with EGCG, EGCG+FOSFO, and CHX at 100x MIC showed evident biofilm disorganization and substantial reduction of extracellular matrix. Confocal microscopy observed a significant reduction of multispecies biofilms formed in dentin tubules with 84.85%, 78.49%, and 50.6% of dead cells for EGCG+FOSFO, EGCG, and CHX at 100x MIC, respectively. Conclusion EGCG and fosfomycin showed a synergistic effect against biofilms of oral pathogens related to root canal infections without causing cytotoxicity.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the oral health of adolescents who participated in an oral health preventive program during the first decade of life. Material and Methods: For the evaluation of dental caries and gingival condition, DMFT and Community Periodontal Index were used, both recommended by the World Health Organization. To verify the occurrence of dental fluorosis, the Dean index was used. Results: Data collection was obtained from 252 patients aged 12 to 16 years. The average DMFT index was 1.14; in relation to the gingival condition, the index of healthy gingival tissue prevailed and the average of this value was 84%, with code 0 being more registered in tooth 11, code 1, more frequently in teeth 16/17 and 36/37 and for last, code 2, in tooth 31 most frequently. Dean's index showed a percentage of 89% of patients without clinical signs of dental fluorosis. Conclusion: Adolescents participating in an oral health preventive program in the first decade of life exhibited very satisfactory results regarding the prevention of caries disease, healthy periodontal condition and reduced prevalence of dental fluorosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Periodontal Index , Oral Health/education , Preventive Dentistry , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Fluorosis, Dental/prevention & control , DMF IndexABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and microbiological properties of poly (N-vinylcaprolactam)-PNVCL hydrogels containing flavonoids as intracanal medication for endodontic therapy. Antimicrobial activity of ampelopsin (AMP), isoquercitrin and rutin was determined against Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelii, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus mutans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum by the microdilution method. After synthesis and characterization by rheology, PNVCL hydrogels were loaded with AMP and controls calcium hydroxide (CH) and chlorhexidine (CHX), and determined the compounds release profile. PNVCL+AMP, PNVCL+CH, PNVCL+CHX were evaluated on multi-species biofilms and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Cytotoxicity was determined after fibroblasts exposure to serial dilutions of AMP and PNVCL hydrogel extracts. AMP was effective against all of the bacteria tested, especially against S. mutans, A. israelli and F. nucleatum. SEM and CLSM analysis showed that PNVCL + AMP caused a significant decrease and disorganization of multi-species biofilms and reduction of intracanal viable cells, superior to the other groups. AMP affected fibroblast viability at concentrations above 0.125 mg/mL, and extracts of PNVCL+AMP showed low cytotoxicity. In conclusion, PNVCL containing AMP demonstrated cytocompatibility and potent effect against multi-species biofilms and could be potential intracanal medication for endodontic purposes.
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OBJECTIVE: Considering the variety of pharmacological activities and the potential to mediate biomineralization, the flavonoids taxifolin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could be explored as biomolecules in scaffolds for regenerative endodontic procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of taxifolin and EGCG on the cell viability, differentiation, and expression of biomineralization markers in stem cells from the apical papilla. DESIGN: Stem cells from the apical papilla were exposed to single or continuous treatments with taxifolin at 200, 100 and 50 µM and EGCG at 50, 25 and 12.5 µM for 48 h, 8 and 14 days, in regular or mineralizing media. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition were analyzed using resazurin, p-nitrophenylphosphate and alizarin-based assays. RESULTS: None of the flavonoid groups affected cell viability at 48 h, however at 8 and 14 days, Taxifolin 200 µM and EGCG 50 µM were cytotoxic. Cells did not express alkaline phosphatase activity when grown in regular medium, even in the presence of flavonoids. Alkaline phosphatase activity and biomineralization potential were higher in cells treated with Taxifolin 50 µM and EGCG 12.5 µM. CONCLUSION: Taxifolin and EGCG exhibited a concentration, time, and therapeutic mode dependent bioactivity on stem cells from the apical papilla. Both flavonoids at the lower concentrations tested exhibited cytocompatibility and increased expression of mineralization markers in the presence of mineralizing agents.
Subject(s)
Alkaline Phosphatase , Catechin , Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism , Biomineralization , Catechin/analogs & derivatives , Catechin/pharmacology , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Dental Papilla , Quercetin/analogs & derivatives , Quercetin/chemistry , Quercetin/pharmacology , Stem CellsABSTRACT
Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a natural prenylated chalcone with a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. In this work, we newly synthesized and investigated the antibacterial activity of IBC against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and mycobacterial species. IBC was active against Gram-positive bacteria, mainly against Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.56 and 3.12 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, IBC was not able to act against Gram-negative species (MIC > 400 µg/mL). IBC displayed activity against mycobacterial species (MIC = 64 µg/mL), including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium kansasii. IBC was able to inhibit more than 50% of MSSA and MRSA biofilm formation at 0.78 µg/mL. Its antibiofilm activity was similar to vancomycin, which was active at 0.74 µg/mL. In order to study the mechanism of the action by fluorescence microscopy, the propidium iodide (PI) and SYTO9 fluorophores indicated that IBC disrupted the membrane of Bacillus subtilis. Toxicity assays using human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) showed that IBC did not have the capacity to reduce the cell viability. These results suggested that IBC is a promising antibacterial agent with an elucidated mode of action and potential applications as an antibacterial drug and a medical device coating.
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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Biofilms can be retained on dental prostheses leading to the development of infections. The indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs can result in the development of microorganisms that are resistant to these antimicrobial agents. Whether probiotics are a suitable alternative for reducing the prevalence of oral candidiasis is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of 6 different live strains of probiotics and 2 commercially available probiotic supplements used for inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans biofilm in heat-polymerized acrylic resin denture base material and to determine whether biofilm byproducts modify the surface of specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biofilms of C. albicans were formed on acrylic resin specimens in the presence of probiotics and quantified by colony-forming units (CFUs), and the surface roughness (Ra) of the specimens was assessed before and after the formation of biofilms. The CFU and roughness data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS: A significant decrease in the number (CFU/mL) of C. albicans cells was found when they were cultured with 4 probiotics: B. lactis (P=.045), B. longum (P<.001), L. casei (P<.001), and L. helveticus (P<.001) and with the commercially available probiotic Prolive (P=.05). The Ra of specimens decreased after exposure to different microbial biofilms (P≤.05) except in 3 experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the tested probiotics had an antagonistic effect on the growth of C. albicans, and the surface of acrylic resin was altered after exposure to biofilm byproducts.
Subject(s)
Candida albicans , Probiotics , Acrylic Resins/pharmacology , Biofilms , Denture Bases/microbiology , Probiotics/pharmacology , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Introduction: the birth of a child with an intellectual disability requires the definition of the parents' roles in relation to the care of the child. Objective: evaluate how much parental care practices, sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and family knowledge can have an impact on the oral health of children with intellectual disabilities in the age group from zero to six years of age. Material and method: the level of help given to the child in the practice of oral hygiene was evaluated according to the adapted functional independence scale. The Parental Beliefs and Care Practices Scale assessed primary care and stimulation offered to the child. The presence of dental plaque and the decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index were analyzed. The significance level was 5%. Result: the relative percentage of dental plaque was 11.4%. The DMFT was 2. The prevalence of teeth with indicated extraction is higher in children who receive full assistance for cleaning, when compared to those who receive maximum, moderate help or supervision. Higher levels of dental plaque and decayed teeth were found in children whose parents rated their dental health as poor, hygiene as deficient, and when they believed their children might feel discomfort due to their oral health. Low stimulation frequency resulted in a higher plaque index and number of decayed teeth. Conclusion: the frequency of parental care stimulation influenced the percentage of plaque index and the number of decayed teeth in children with intellectual disabilities.
Introdução: o nascimento de uma criança com deficiência intelectual exige dos pais a definição de suas funções em relação aos cuidados com a criança. Objetivo: investigar o quanto as práticas de cuidados parentais, características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e o conhecimento familiar podem ter impacto na saúde bucal de crianças com deficiência intelectual na faixa etária de zero a seis anos de idade. Material e método: foi avaliado o nível de ajuda cedida à criança na prática de higiene bucal de acordo com a escala de independência funcional adaptada. A Escala de Crenças Parentais e Práticas de Cuidado avaliou os cuidados primários e a estimulação oferecida à criança. Foram analisados a presença de placa dentária e o índice ceo-d. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultado: a porcentagem relativa de placa dentária foi de 11,4%. O índice ceo-d foi de 2. A prevalência de dentes com extração indicada é maior em crianças que recebem ajuda total para higienização, quando comparadas as que recebem ajuda máxima, moderada ou supervisão. Níveis mais elevados de placa dentária e dentes cariados foram encontrados nas crianças cujos pais avaliaram a saúde dental como ruim, a higiene como deficiente e quando acreditavam que os filhos podem sentir desconforto em razão de seu estado de saúde bucal. Baixa frequência de estimulação resultou em maior índice de placa e número de dentes cariados. Conclusão: a frequência de estimulação dos cuidados parentais influenciou na porcentagem do índice de placa e no número de dentes cariados nas crianças com deficiência intelectual.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Oral Hygiene , Oral Health , Dental Caries , Dental Plaque , Intellectual Disability , DMF IndexABSTRACT
The current study evaluated the effects of taxifolin treatments on the viability of osteoblast-like cells, and on the expression of early mineralization markers, as part of the ongoing search for new endodontic materials able to induce periapical healing without causing cytotoxicity. Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells were exposed to different concentrations of taxifolin (5 and 10 µM), applied as pretreatments either for 24h and 72h, or continuously throughout the experimental protocol. Cell viability using the methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase activity using thymolphthalein monophosphate assays, deposition of mineralized nodules using alizarin red staining, and expression of ALP and COL-1 by qPCR were determined after 6 and 13 days of treatment. The data were analyzed statistically (p<0.05). Taxifolin was not cytotoxic in the concentrations tested. Pretreatments with taxifolin for 24h and 72h at 10 µM stimulated ALP activity, and increased mineralized nodule deposition by Saos-2 cells. Continuous treatment with taxifolin was not effective in stimulating ALP activity and mineralization. ALP and COL-1 gene expression increased with taxifolin pretreatments, since the highest mRNA levels were observed after 72h of pretreatment with taxifolin at 10 µM on day 13. In conclusion, taxifolin was cytocompatible, and induced mineralization markers when applied for short periods in osteoblast-like cell culture.
Subject(s)
Alkaline Phosphatase , Cell Survival , Osteoblasts , Quercetin/pharmacology , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Quercetin/analogs & derivatives , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Curcuminoids have been designed not only to improve chemical and metabolic stability of curcumin (CUR), but also to increase its antimicrobial activity, without effecting its ability as photosensitizer agent in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with light emitting diode (LED). This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of curcumin analog DHC (or 3,3'-dihydroxycurcumin), submitted or not to LED irradiation, on microorganisms of endodontic importance and its influence on fibroblasts viability. METHODS: DHC was synthetized by modified Pablon's methodology and the experiments were conducted under irradiation or not with indium gallium nitride-based LED (440-480nm, 100 mW/cm2, 0.78 cm2,60 s). The antimicrobial activity of CUR and DHC were determined by the Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the effect of both compounds on fibroblast viability was tested using colorimetric assays. They were also evaluated on 72h and 7days single-species biofilms and on 14 days multispecies biofilms formed inside dentin tubules by bacterial colonies counts and confocal microscopy, respectively. Data were analyzed statistically considering p<0.05. RESULTS: DHC had bactericidal effect against all bacteria tested higher than CUR, in planktonic conditions. CUR and DHC (at 39 and 19 µg/mL, respectively) were cytocompatible and LED irradiation reduced fibroblast viability, regardless of compound. CUR and DHC reduced the growth of single-species biofilms and the effect of aPDT was bacteria dependent. DHC reduced more than 70% of microorganisms from multispecies biofilms, superior to CUR effect. CONCLUSIONS: DHC showed low cytotoxicity and antibiofilm effect similar to curcumin, when submitted or not to aPDT, and could be further explored as a bioactive compound for endodontic purposes.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Curcumin , Photochemotherapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms , Curcumin/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Gram-Positive Bacteria , Photochemotherapy/methods , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
This study evaluated the cytocompatibility and antimicrobial/antibiofilm effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) associated with peptide LL-37 and its analogue KR-12-a5 against oral pathogens. The effect of the compounds on metabolism of fibroblasts was evaluated by methyltetrazolium assays. Antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelii, and Fusobacterium nucleatum under planktonic conditions, on single- and dual-species biofilms and E. faecalis biofilms in dentinal tubules and analyzed by bacterial counts and confocal microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed considering p < 0.05. EGCG and peptide combinations were not toxic to fibroblasts. KR-12-a5 showed synergistic or addictive effects with EGCG and LL-37 against all bacteria tested. However, EGCG associated with KR-12-a5 demonstrated the highest bactericidal activity on all bacteria tested, at lower concentrations. In single-species biofilms, EGCG + KR-12-a5 eliminated S. mutans and A. israelii and reduced E. faecalis and F. nucleatum counts around 5 log CFU/mL. EGCG + KR-12-a5 reduced E. faecalis (-3.93 log CFU/mL) and eliminated S. mutans in dual-species biofilms. No growth of E. faecalis and significant reduction in A. israelii (-6.24 log CFU/mL) and F. nucleatum (-4.62 log CFU/mL) counts were detected in dual-species biofilms. The combination of EGCG and KR-12-a5 led to 88% of E. faecalis dead cells inside dentin tubules. The association of EGCG and KR-12-a5 was cytocompatible and promoted synergistic effect against biofilms of bacteria associated with endodontic infections.