Perfil clínico dos pacientes internados por Covid-19 na unidade de terapia intensiva / Clinical profile of patients hospitalized for Covid-19 in the intensive care unit

Objetivo: identificar o perfil clínico dos pacientes internados por COVID-19 na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de um hospital privado. Métodos: trata-se deum estudo de caráter descritivo, documental, retrospectivo, de corte transversal e análise quantitativa, conduzido em um hospital, no município de Montes Claros, MG, por meio da análise de prontuários de 142 pacientes da UTI com diagnóstico de COVID-19 no período de janeiro de 2020 a abril de 2021. Resultados: dos 142 indivíduos, a média de idadefoi de 64,1 anos, com 58,5% do sexo masculino. Das comorbidades prévias, as que tiveram maior prevalência foram a hipertensão arterial sistêmica com 26,8% e diabetes mellitus com 9,2%. Destes, 133 indivíduos utilizaram ventilação mecânica, com a prevalência de 47,9% no modo ventilação com volume controlado. O tempo médio de internação foi de 6 dias, sendo que 93,7% dos indivíduos foram a óbito, 4,9% receberam alta e 1,4% transferidos para outro hospital. Conclusão: evidenciou-se predominância do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 64,1 anos, o modo ventilatório mais utilizado foi o controlado o volume, com tempo de uso médio de uso 7,9 dias, ou seja, pouco tempo, fato que pode ser justificado pelo alto índice de óbitos na amostra estudada.

Objective: to identify the clinical profile of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a private hospital. Methods: this is a descriptive, documentary, retrospective, cross-sectional study with quantitative analysis conducted in a hospital in the city of Montes Claros, MG, through the analysis of medical records of 142 ICU patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 2020 to April 2021. Results: of the 142 individuals, the mean age was 64.1 years, with 58.5% male. Of the previous comorbidities, those with the highest prevalence were systemic arterial hypertension at 26.8% and diabetes mellitus at 9.2%. Of these, 133 individuals used mechanical ventilation, with a prevalence of 47.9% using volume-controlled ventilation. The average length of stay was 6 days, with 93.7% of the individuals dying, 4.9% being discharged, and 1.4% being transferred to another hospital. Conclusion: there was a predominance of males, with an average age of 64.1 years, the most used ventilatory mode was volume-controlled, with an average use time of 7.9 days, that is, a short time, a fact that can be justified by the high rate of deaths in the studied sample.

Avaliação da vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional de idosos frágeis após programa de exercícios / Assessment of clinical-functional vulnerability of fragile older adults after exercise program

O envelhecimento promove mudanças na autonomia e dependência dos idosos que associado a fatores adversos pode levar o indivíduo a um estado de fragilidade. Entretanto, a prática de exercícios físicos tem mostrado efeitos positivos na funcionalidade que pode contribuir na diminuição do risco de vulnerabilidade do idoso frágil. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito dos exercícios nos domínios avaliados pelo Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clinico-funcional (IVCF-20) em idosos frágeis. Método: Cinquenta e seis idosos frágeis de ambos os sexos, atendidos no Centro de Referência em Assistência à Saúde do Idoso - Eny Faria De Oliveira ­ CRASI, foram avaliados por meio do IVCF-20 antes e depois de 10 sessões de fisioterapia. Os 8 domínios que compõem o IVCF-20 foram analisados individualmente. O Teste de Friedman foi utilizado para comparação pré e pós-reabilitação intragrupo. Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças significativas nos domínios de atividades de vida diária, cognição, humor, mobilidade e comunicação pós-treinamento (p<0,01) no grupo feminino e masculino. Conclusão: Programas de exercícios podem contribuir na melhora da mobilidade, cognição e funcionalidade dos idosos frágeis.

Aging promote changes in the autonomy and dependence of the elderly, which associated with adverse factors can lead the individual to a state of fragility. However, the practice of physical exercises has shown positive effects on functionality that can contribute in a reduction in the risk of vulnerability of the frail older adults. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exercise in the domains assessed by the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20) in frail older adults. Method: Fifty-six frail older adult's people of both sexes, attended at the Health Care Reference Center for the Older Adults - Eny Faria De Oliveira - CRASI, were assessed using the IVCF-20 before and after 10 physiotherapy sessions. The 8 domains that make up the IVCF-20 were analyzed individually. Friedman's ANOVA test was used for pre- and post-rehabilitation comparisons intragroup. Results: Significant differences were observed in the domains of activities of daily living, cognition, mood, mobility, and post-training communication (p<0.01) in the female and male group. Conclusion: exercise programs can contribute to improving the mobility, cognition, and functionality of frail older adults.

Destination-based seed dispersal homogenizes genetic structure of a tropical palm.

As the dominant seed dispersal agents in many ecosystems, frugivorous animals profoundly impact gene movement and fine-scale genetic structure of plants. Most frugivores engage in some form of destination-based dispersal, in that they move seeds towards specific destinations, resulting in clumped distributions of seeds away from the source tree. Molecular analyses of dispersed seeds and seedlings suggest that destination-based dispersal may often yield clusters of maternal genotypes and lead to pronounced local genetic structure. The long-wattled umbrellabird Cephalopterus penduliger is a frugivorous bird whose lek mating system creates a species-specific pattern of seed dispersal that can potentially be distinguished from background dispersal processes. We used this system to test how destination-based dispersal by umbrellabirds into the lek affects gene movement and genetic structure of one of their preferred food sources Oenocarpus bataua, a canopy palm tree. Relative to background dispersal processes, umbrellabird mating behaviour yielded more diverse seed pools in leks that included on average five times more seed sources and a higher incidence of long-distance dispersal events. This resulted in markedly lower fine-scale spatial genetic structure among established seedlings in leks than background areas. These species-specific impacts of destination-based dispersal illustrate how detailed knowledge of disperser behaviour can elucidate the mechanistic link driving observed patterns of seed movement and genetic structure.

Female mate choice across spatial scales: influence of lek and male attributes on mating success of blue-crowned manakins.

Lekking males compete for females within and among leks, yet female choice is expected to work differently at each of these spatial scales. We used paternity analyses to examine how lek versus male attributes influence mate choice in the blue-crowned manakin Lepidothrix coronata. We tested the hypotheses that females prefer (i) to mate at larger leks where a larger number of potential mates can be assessed, (ii) to mate with unrelated or highly heterozygous males expected to produce high-quality offspring, (iii) to mate with males that display at higher rates, and that (iv) display honestly reflects male genetic quality. Our results show that (i) males at larger leks are not more likely to sire young, although females nesting close to small leks travel further to reach larger leks, (ii) siring males are not less related to females or more heterozygous than expected, (iii) within a lek, high-display males are more likely to sire young, and (iv) both male heterozygosity and display rate increased with lek size, and as a result display does not reliably reflect male genetic quality across leks. We suggest that female mate choice in this species is probably driven by a Fisherian process rather than adaptive genetic benefits.

Comunidade de besouros rola-bosta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) ao longo de um ecótono natural entre floresta e cerrado em Minas Gerais / Dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) assemblages across a natural forest-cerrado ecotone in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Variações em comunidades ao longo de ecótonos fornecem exemplos claros de como os organismos percebem e respondem a mudanças ambientais, mesmo em escalas reduzidas. Besouros rola-bosta (Scarabaeidae) têm sido usados como bioindicadores de qualidade de hábitat devido à sua sensibilidade a mudanças ambientais. Neste estudo, foram feitas amostragens de escarabeídeos ao longo de um ecótono natural entre hábitats de floresta e cerrado no Brasil e examinaram-se as mudanças associadas na estrutura da comunidade. Também foram examinados os efeitos de borda, aqui definidos como mudanças consistentes em atributos da comunidade em relação à distância da borda entre os dois hábitats. Densidades de indivíduos e espécies foram maiores na floresta do que no cerrado, porém a riqueza total foi similar entre os dois hábitats depois que as diferenças em tamanho amostral foram controladas. A composição de espécies foi bastante diferente entre a floresta e o cerrado, e as espécies compartilhadas pelos dois hábitats foram consistentemente mais abundantes em um ou outro. Efeitos de borda não foram detectados na riqueza ou composição de espécies, e apenas efeitos sutis foram observados na abundância. Conclui-se que o tipo de hábitat tem um efeito muito mais acentuado na estrutura da comunidade do que a presença da borda: escarabeídeos responderam fortemente à mudança de hábitat, mas muito mais sutilmente à proximidade da borda entre os dois hábitats.

Variations in assemblage attributes across ecotones provides clear examples on how organisms perceive and respond to environmental changes, even at small scales. Dung beetles(Scarabaeidae) have been used as bioindicators of habitat quality due to their sensitivity to environmental changes. Dung beetles were sampled across a natural forest-cerrado ecotone in Brazil, and associated changes in assemblage structure were examined. Edge effects, here defined as consistentchanges in assemblage parameters in relation to the distance to the forest-cerrado border, were also examined. Density of individuals and species were higher in the forest than in the cerrado, but overall richness was similar between habitats after controlling for sample sizes. Species composition differed greatly between habitats, and shared species were consistently more abundant in one or another habitat. Edge effects were not detected on richness nor species composition, and only weak effects were observed on abundance. It is concluded that the effect of the habitat (forest vs. cerrado) has a much stronger effect on the assemblage structure than the presence of the edge: dung beetles responded strongly to change in habitats, but weakly to the proximity of the edge between these habitats.