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Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths globally. There is a paucity of real-life data on GC in Brazil. Our study aimed to evaluate survival trends in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) in a large cancer center in Brazil during 2000-2017. Methods: Based on our Hospital Cancer Registry Database, all individuals diagnosed with GA between 2000 and 2017, and treated at A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, were retrospectively included. The primary objectives were to describe the patient demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment modalities and survival trends during four separate periods of diagnosis (2000-2004; 2005-2009; 2010-2014 and 2015-2017). χ2 test was performed between two specified periods (2000-2004 and 2015-2017) to compare categorical variables. Overall survival (OS) curves were stratified by four separate periods and compared with log-rank tests. Results: This analysis included 1,406 individuals. Across all periods, most patients were men aged 50-69 and presented with Lauren's intestinal subtype. The frequency of stage IV disease significantly decreased between 2000-2004 and 2015-2017 (43.6% to 32.8%, p < 0.001). In contrast, we observed a rise in stage II (9.4% to 24.8%, p < 0.001) in the same comparison. We noticed an increased utilization of a combined approach involving chemotherapy and surgery (12% in 2000-2004 and 36.3% in 2015-2017, p < 0.001). The predicted 5-year OS of patients with GA in 2000-2004 was 27.8%, which increased to 53.9% in 2015-2017 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our retrospective cohort showed an upward trend in survival rates during the period. We observed that 5-year OS almost doubled among men and women during 2000-2017. Mini Abstract: The present retrospective cohort showed an upward trend in survival rates during the period from 2000 to 2017, in which the OS almost doubled among men and women.
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Background: Nearly 30% of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have evidence of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) receptors. Therefore, targeting ER/PR may offer an effective NET-directed treatment to select patients. Methods: We conducted a multicenter Simon two-stage single-arm phase II trial of tamoxifen in patients with metastatic, progressive NETs. Eligible patients had positive IHC expression of ER and/or PR ⩾ 1%. Prior therapy with somatostatin analogs was required for progressing/functioning cases. Main exclusion criterion was aggressive disease requiring cytotoxic therapy. The primary end point was disease control rate (DCR) at week 24 by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. We planned to enroll 23 patients in the first stage, to reach a DCR at week 24 of 70% (versus 50%); if ⩾12 patients reached the primary end point, a total of 37 would be included. Results: From February 2019 to February 2022, 23 out of 59 patients were eligible and enrolled: 15 (65%) were females; the most common sites were pancreas (11; 48%) and small bowel (6; 26%). In all, 13 patients (56.5%) had G2 NETs. At a median follow-up of 27 months, 13 patients (56.5%) had stable disease at week 24 and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.9 months [interquartile range (IQR): 3.7-12.1]. The best response was stable disease in 13 patients, with most patients experiencing minor tumor growth. Median PFS times were not significantly different according to ER/PR < or ⩾30% (p = 0.49) or ER versus PR expression (p = 0.19). One patient experienced grade 2 constipation. Conclusion: Tamoxifen for ER-/PR-positive NETs patients is safe but offers modest antitumor effects. Trial registry name: Study of Tamoxifen in Well Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hormone Receptor Positive Expression (HORMONET). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03870399?term=03870399&draw=2&rank=1. Registration number: NCT03870399.
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Introdução: O linfedema relacionado ao câncer de mama é a principal complicação dos tratamentos para essa neoplasia, acometendo o membro superior homolateral à mama comprometida. Objetivo: Analisar a incidência, fatores de risco e o impacto na sobrevida global do linfedema secundário ao câncer de mama. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com dados de 709 mulheres atendidas em núcleo de reabilitação de câncer de mama, entre 1989 e 2014. Realizou-se comparação de frequências absolutas categóricas com o teste qui-quadrado. As funções de sobrevida foram calculadas por meio do método de Kaplan Meier e o modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox foi utilizado para avaliação de fatores prognósticos; utilizou-se a regressão logística para definir fatores associados à incidência de linfedema. Resultados: Predominaram mulheres brancas, média de idade de 61,5 anos. Das mulheres com linfedema (33,24%), 85,8% foram diagnosticadas em estadiamento avançado, maior frequência de linfadenectomia axilar (p=0,064) e baixa realização da biópsia de linfonodo sentinela (p<0,0001). No status de sobrevida, as mulheres com linfedema apresentaram maior frequência de óbito por causas relacionadas ao câncer (50,2%), com taxa de sobrevivência de 0,996 até cinco anos. As principais características preditoras ao óbito dessas mulheres foram o estadiamento avançado e a quantidade de linfonodos comprometidos. Conclusão: As mulheres com linfedema apresentaram maior chance de óbito por câncer do que o outro grupo, porém permaneceram vivas por período maior. O estadiamento avançado e a não realização da biópsia do linfonodo sentinela foram considerados fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do linfedema e como características preditoras de óbito.
Introduction: Lymphedema related to breast cancer is the main complication of the treatments for this neoplasm, affecting the upper limb homolateral to the compromised breast. Objective: To analyze the incidence, risk factors and impact on overall survival of lymphedema secondary to breast cancer. Method: Retrospective cohort study with 709 women attended at a rehabilitation center for breast cancer, between 1989 and 2014. The categorical absolute frequencies were compared to the Chi-square test. Overall survival rate was calculated using Kaplan Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluation of prognostic factors, the definition of indicators associated with lymphedema incidence was calculated with logistic regression. Results: White women predominated, mean age 61.5 years. Women with lymphedema (33.24%), 85.8% were diagnosed at an advanced stage, a higher frequency of axillary lymphadenectomy (p=0.064) and low sentinel lymph node biopsy (p<0.0001). In the survival status the women with lymphedema presented a higher death rate due to the cancer (50.2%), with a survival rate of 0.996 up to five years. Women death predictors were advanced cancer stage and the amount of compromised lymph nodes. Conclusion: Women with lymphedema present a greater chance to die from cancer than the other group, but they remain alive for a longer period. The advanced stage and non-performance of sentinel lymph node biopsy were considered risk factors for the development of lymphedema and the predictive characteristics of death.
Introducción: El linfedema relacionado con el cáncer de mama es la principal complicación de los tratamientos para esta neoplasia, afectando al miembro superior homolateral a la mama comprometida. Objetivo:Analizar la incidencia, factores de riesgo y impacto en la supervivencia global del linfedema secundario al cáncer de mama. Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con 709 mujeres atendidas en un núcleo de rehabilitación de cáncer, entre 1989 y 2014. Se realizó la comparación de sus series completas con la prueba Chi-cuadrado. Funciones de sobrevida fueran calculadas por método de Kaplan Meier y el modelo de evaluación de Cox fue utilizado para la evaluación de factores pronósticos, regresión logística fue usada para la definición de indicadores asociados al incidencia de linfedema. Resultados:Predominaron mujeres blancas, media de edad 61,5 años. Las mujeres con linfedema (33,24%), 85,8% fueron diagnosticadas en estadio avanzado, mayor frecuencia de linfadenectomía axilar (p=0,064) y baja realización de la biopsia de ganglio centinela (p<0,0001). En el estatus de sobrevida, mujeres con linfedema presentaron mayor frecuencia de muerte por cáncer (50,2%), con tasa de supervivencia de 0,996 hasta cinco años. Las características predictoras de muerte fueran estadio avanzado y la cantidad de ganglios linfáticos comprometidos. Conclusión: Las mujeres con linfedema presentan mayor probabilidad de muerte por cáncer que el otro grupo, sin embargo, permanecen vivas por período mayor. El estado avanzado y la no realización de la biopsia del ganglio centinela fueron considerados factores de riesgo para el desarrollo del linfedema y como características preditorias del óbito.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Survival Analysis , Breast Cancer Lymphedema/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Breast Cancer Lymphedema/prevention & control , Lymphedema/mortalityABSTRACT
Estudo com o objetivo de analisar o conceito náusea no tratamento quimioterápico, a fim de aperfeiçoar o diagnóstico de enfermagem "náusea". Utilizados como referencial teórico o modelo proposto por Walker e Avant e uma revisão integrativa realizada nos portais PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL e LILACS, sem restrição temporal. Amostra constituída por 30 artigos, identificaram-se 44 antecedentes, sendo 25 relacionados ao paciente/biofísico, oito ao tratamento/fatores farmacológicos e 11 aos fatores psicológicos. Na mesma amostra, foram identificados 17 consequentes, sendo os mais frequentes: "redução na qualidade de vida", "quimioterapia pode ser adiada, alterada, dose reduzida ou tratamento interrompido" e "diminuição da nutrição/má nutrição". Nas definições de náusea, o tratamento quimioterápico não é citado como causa. Os antecedentes deste conceito devem ser investigados na prática clínica de forma individualizada. A avaliação dos consequentes nesta clientela pode permitir intervenções precoces e diminuir os efeitos indesejáveis da náusea.
A study with the objective to analyze the concept nausea in chemotherapeutic treatment, to improve the nursing diagnosis "nausea". We used the model proposed by Walker and Avant as a theoretical reference and, we conducted an integrative review in the databases PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, and LILACS, with no time restriction. Thirty articles composed the sample, we identified 44 antecedents, being 25 related to the patient/biophysical, eight to the treatment/pharmacological factors and, 11 related to psychological factors. In the same sample, we identified 17 consequents, being the most frequent: "reduction of quality of life", "chemotherapy can be cancelled, altered, dose reduced or interrupted treatment" and "decrease of nutrition/bad nutrition". In the nausea definitions, the chemotherapeutic treatment is not cited as a cause. The precendents of this concept should be investigated in the clinical practice in an individualized way. The assessment of the consequents in this clientele can allow early interventions and decrease the undesirable nausea effects.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Oncology Nursing , Concept Formation , Drug Therapy/nursing , Nausea/etiology , Nausea/chemically induced , Nursing DiagnosisABSTRACT
Objective: to identify factors related to the nursing diagnosis nausea among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method: integrative review conducted in four electronic databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL and LILACS) using the key words: neoplasia, antineoplastic agents and nausea. Results: only 30 out of 1,258 papers identified met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent related factors were: being younger than 50 years old, motion sickness, being a woman, emetogenic potential of the chemotherapy, anxiety, conditioned stimulus, and expecting nausea after treatment. Conclusion: this review's findings, coupled with the incidence of nausea among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, reveal an important difference between evidence found and that used by NANDA International, Inc. Even though it provides an appropriate definition of related factors, it does not mention chemotherapy, despite the various studies addressing the topic using different designs and presenting various objectives and outcomes.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Nausea/chemically induced , Nausea/diagnosis , Nursing Diagnosis , Humans , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify factors related to the nursing diagnosis nausea among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method: integrative review conducted in four electronic databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL and LILACS) using the key words: neoplasia, antineoplastic agents and nausea. Results: only 30 out of 1,258 papers identified met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent related factors were: being younger than 50 years old, motion sickness, being a woman, emetogenic potential of the chemotherapy, anxiety, conditioned stimulus, and expecting nausea after treatment. Conclusion: this review's findings, coupled with the incidence of nausea among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, reveal an important difference between evidence found and that used by NANDA International, Inc. Even though it provides an appropriate definition of related factors, it does not mention chemotherapy, despite the various studies addressing the topic using different designs and presenting various objectives and outcomes.
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores relacionados ao diagnóstico de enfermagem náusea entre pacientes oncológicos durante o tratamento quimioterápico. Método: revisão integrativa de quatro bases eletrônicas de dados (PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL e LILACS) com as palavras-chaves neoplasia, agentes antineoplásicos e náusea. Resultados: dos 1258 artigos identificados, somente 30 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os fatores relacionados mais frequentes foram: idade abaixo de 50 anos, doença do movimento, sexo feminino, potencial emético do quimioterápico, ansiedade, estímulo condicionado e expectativa de náuseas depois do tratamento. Conclusão: diante dos resultados encontrados e da incidência de náusea entre os pacientes oncológicos em tratamento quimioterápico, observa-se diferença importante entre as evidências encontradas e as utilizadas pela NANDA International, Inc. Apesar da definição estar adequada entre os fatores relacionados, não há menção à quimioterapia mesmo com inúmeros estudos, com diferentes delineamentos, objetivos e desfechos encontrados sobre esta temática.
RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores relacionados al diagnóstico de enfermería náusea entre pacientes oncológicos durante el tratamiento de quimioterapia. Método: revisión integradora de cuatro bases electrónicas de datos (PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL y LILACS) con las palabras clave: neoplasia, agentes antineoplásicos y náusea. Resultados: de los 1.258 artículos identificados, solamente 30 atendieron los criterios de inclusión. Los factores relacionados más frecuentes fueron: edad abajo de 50 años, enfermedad del movimiento, sexo femenino, potencial emético de la quimioterapia, ansiedad, estímulo condicionado y expectativa de náuseas después del tratamiento. Conclusión: delante de los resultados encontrados y de la incidencia de náusea entre los pacientes oncológicos en tratamiento de quimioterapia, se observó diferencia importante entre las evidencias encontradas y las utilizadas por la NANDA International, Inc. A pesar de que la definición está adecuada entre los factores relacionados, no se menciona a la quimioterapia, inclusive encontrándose datos sobre esta temática en numerosos estudios con diferentes delineamientos, objetivos y resultados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Diagnosis , Nausea/diagnosis , Nausea/chemically induced , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
O câncer de mama apresenta alta incidência na população feminina, sendo considerado uma das principais causas de morte por câncer entre mulheres em diversos países; devido a isso, tornam-se essenciais estudos de sobrevivência na área oncológica, para avaliar resultados, fatores relacionados e delinear o comportamento da doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a taxa de sobrevida em mulheres com câncer de mama atendidas em um serviço de reabilitação de mulheres mastectomizadas, tratadas em hospital universitário de nível terciário, localizado no interior da região Sudeste do país. A coorte foi identificada a partir de busca de atendimentos realizados no núcleo de reabilitação de 1989 a 2014. A coleta foi realizada em dados secundários, complementado por busca no banco do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM), contato telefônico e distribuição de cartas. As principais variáveis analisadas foram as sociodemográficas: idade ao diagnóstico, cor da pele, estado civil e procedência; as clínicas e de tratamento: tamanho do tumor, estadiamento, marcadores tumorais, hormonioterapia, cirurgia e radioterapia, entre outras. Os dados foram apresentados de maneira descritiva por meio de números absolutos, medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade. As funções de sobrevida foram calculadas por meio do método de Kaplan- Meier, e para comparação entre as curvas foi utilizado o teste Log Rank. O nível de significância considerado para o estudo foi de 0,05. Não foi realizado neste estudo o modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a sobrevida global em 60 meses desta população foi de 78,5%. E a sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) foi 75,8% em 60 meses. Apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação à ocorrência ao desfecho analisado, que foi o óbito, das características sociodemográficas, apenas as variáveis estado civil (p < 0,007) e escolaridade (p < 0,000). Na análise das curvas de sobrevivência, identificamos uma sobrevivência menor para aquelas mulheres que tiveram até 4 anos de estudo. Referente às características clínicas, o tipo histológico mais frequente foi o CDI com (82,2%); 49,9% apresentavam tumor entre 2 e 5 cm e o estádio clínico predominante no diagnóstico foi o IIA (25,7%), o estadiamento e presença de receptor de hormônio estrógeno e progesterona positivos, apresentaram uma relação estatisticamente significativa com a ocorrência do óbito (p < 0,000) e diferenças significativas nas curvas de sobrevivência. Aquelas que não desenvolveram metástase à distância apresentaram sobrevida de 96,9% em cinco anos, comparado com aquelas que tiveram metástase em 5 anos (50%). Houve significância pelo teste de Log-rank (p<0,000) nessa variável. Os resultados deste estudo fortalecem a importância do diagnóstico precoce através do rastreamento por meio do exame clínico das mamas e de mamografia, aliado ao tratamento eficaz. A análise da sobrevivência dessas mulheres possibilitou conhecer o perfil de mulheres atendidas em um serviço público de saúde, de nível terciário/quaternário, de alta complexidade e de referência. Estas informações são extremamente úteis para os gestores de saúde adotarem medidas voltadas para a prevenção e controle da doença, assim como para avaliações da qualidade do cuidado prestado e acessibilidade ao sistema de saúde
Breast cancer has a high incidence in the female population and is considered a major cause of cancer death among women in many countries, there fore it is essential more survival studies in oncology to evaluate results, related factors and outline the behavior disease. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate of women treated in a rehabilitation service of mastectomies at the university hospital of tertiary level, located in the Southeast region of the country. The cohort was identified from search services performed in the rehabilitation center from 1989 to 2014. The data were collected on secondary data, complemented by search the database of the Mortality Information System (MIS), telephone call and distribution of cards. The main demographic variables were: age at diagnosis, skin color, marital status and origin, clinical and treatment: tumor size, stage, tumor markers, hormone therapy, surgery and radiation, among others. The data were presented descriptively by absolute numbers, measures of central tendency and variability. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and to compare the curves we used the log rank test. The level of significance for the study was 0.05. It was not done in this study the model of Cox proportional hazards. The results indicated that overall survival at 60 months of this population was 78.5%, and the specific-survival was 75.8% in 60 months. Only the variables marital status (p <0.007) and education (p <0.000), the sociodemographic characteristics, showed significant differences in the occurrence analyzed the outcome, which was death. In the analysis of the survival curves we identified a lower survival for those women who had up to 4 years of study. Regarding the clinical features, the most common histological type was with CDI (82.2%); 49.9% had tumors between 2 and 5 cm and the predominant clinical stage at diagnosis was the IIA (25.7%), the staging and the presence of the hormone estrogen and progesterone receptor positive showed a statistically significant related to the occurrence of death (p <0.000) and significant differences in survival curves. Those who did not develop distant metastases had a survival rate of 96.9% in five years compared with those who had metastasis in 5 years (50%). There were significant by log-rank test (p <0.000) in this variable. The results of this study reinforce the importance of early diagnosis through screening by clinical breast examination and mammography combined with effective treatment. The analysis of the survival of these women showed the profile of women in reference a public health service, tertiary / quaternary level, high complexity. These informations are extremely useful for health managers to adopt measures aimed at preventing and controlling the disease, as well as the quality of service and accessibility to health care system assessments