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1.
Pap. psicol ; 42(2): 81-93, Mayo, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224909

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se revisan, analizan y discuten los datos existentes a partir de diferentes fuentes de datos desde 2003 sobre el número de profesionales especialistas en Psicología clínica que trabajan en el Sistema Nacional de Salud español. Los datos hay que tomarlos con mucha cautela por la diversidad de fuentes y metodología utilizada; pero se concluye que el número total estimado de Psicólogos Especialistas en Psicología clínica más los «PESTOS» que trabajan en el SNS puede estar en torno a 2600-2800, con una ratio por 100000 habitantes en torno al 5,58, con grandes diferencias entre Comunidades Autónomas. En los últimos 15 años, el incremento medio de la ratio de psicólogos por 100000 habitantes se sitúa en algo más de un psicólogo. Se recomienda realizar estudios detallados para saber no solo cuántos especialistas en Psicología clínica hay en cada Comunidad Autónoma, sino en qué tipo de niveles y en qué tipo de dispositivos se ubican. (AU)


This article reviews, analyzes, and discusses existing data since 2003 on the number of psychologists who are specialists in clinical psychology working in the Spanish National Health System (SNS) from different data sources. The data must be taken with great caution due to the diversity of sources and methodology used, but it is concluded that the total estimated number of Specialist Psychologists in Clinical Psychology plus «PESTOS» [specialist psychologists without an official qualification] who work in the SNS may be around 2,600-2800, with a ratio per 100,000 inhabitants around 5.58, with great differences between autonomous communities. In the last 15 years, the average increase in the ratio of psychologists per 100,000 inhabitants is slightly more than one psychologist. It is recommended to carry out detailed studies to find out not only how many specialists in clinical psychology there are in each autonomous community, but also at what levels and in what type of units they are located. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology/statistics & numerical data , Psychology, Clinical/statistics & numerical data , National Health Systems , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Specialization , Spain
3.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 9(2/3): 467-481, dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-110998

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Exponer las opiniones y valoraciones de los profesionales de cuidados paliativos de la Comunidad de Madrid sobre la atención psicológica que se presta en los dispositivos específicos de cuidados paliativos en dicha Comunidad. Método: Metodología cualitativa utilizando las siguientes técnicas: observación participante, entrevistas abiertas individuales a Responsables de los distintos tipos de dispositivos, entrevistas grupales a Equipos de cada uno de dichos dispositivos y una reunión de grupo con profesionales de Unidades de Media y Larga Estancia de Hospitales Concertados. Resultados: La atención a las necesidades psicológicas se presta por parte de los profesionales de medicina y enfermería, de manera genérica, y por parte de los profesionales de psicología de manera específica. La frontera entre la atención a las necesidades psicológicas y a las necesidades espirituales y/o religiosas no aparece con nitidez. Parte de la complejidad de la atención la encuentran en aspectos relacionales y comunicacionales. La formación psicológica del profesional de Atención Primaria es insuficiente así como lo es también el número de profesionales de la psicología, y de trabajo social, especialmente en la atención domiciliaria. El trabajo sobre el duelo es una de las tareas más propias de los profesionales de la psicología especialmente en los casos en los que hay niños involucrados, siendo los ‘grupos de duelo’ uno de los instrumentos más valorados. El síndrome del burnout requiere de atención psicológica y ‘autocuidado’ hacia dentro del equipo aunque hay poca demanda de cuidados para sí mismos.Conclusiones: La atención psicológica específica en la Comunidad de Madrid tanto para los pacientes y familias como para los propios profesionales es reconocida como necesaria por los profesionales de cuidados paliativos pero como insuficientemente cubierta, especialmente en la atención domiciliaria (AU)


The aim of this study is to show the opinion of the Palliative Care Teams of Madrid about the psychological support provided by their units. Methodology: qualitative according to the following techniques, participant observation, individual interviews to the principal of the different units of the Public Health System, group interviews to the different units, and one group interview with professionals of the private nonprofit units. Results: in general terms, psychological support is provided by medical and nursing professionals, specific therapy is provided by psychology professionals. There is not a clear border between psychological or spiritual needs. Complexity is found in the relational and communicational aspects. There is a lack of formation on psychological support in general practitioners. There are not enough number of psychologist and social workers, moreover in home care. The grief is the main field of psychological support, especially in cases where children are involved. Bereavement groups are most valued. Burnout syndrome requires a special attention even is little demanded by the palliative care teams. Conclusion: in Madrid, psychological support is recognized as necessary for the patients and for the palliative care professionals. It is necessary to increase the resources to cover this support, especially at home care (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/psychology , Palliative Care , Psychotherapy/trends , Psychological Techniques , Spirituality , Religion and Psychology
4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 77(5): 615-27, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14626206

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Group-focused education for health is becoming a progressively more important activity in primary care. With the metaobjective of contributing to the further development thereof, this research set outs as specific objectives: knowing what is meant by "group-focused work" and ascertaining who is doing this work and how the group practices are carried out. METHODS: From a qualitative-structural standpoint, four discussion groups and four open interviews were held. The discussion groups held were: two with physicians, specialists in pediatrics, in family medicine and in community medicine, one with nursing professionals and another with professional social workers. The open interviews: two with general practitioners and two with social workers in the Primary Care Areas in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. RESULTS: The groups are understood, by most of the professionals, as groupings of homogeneous individuals as regards age and the disease involved to which information is conveyed by means of informal "talks" which are given mainly by nurses. A minority called for another way of construing and doing work with groups based more on a sharing of experiences and on fostering the group dynamics, an approach spearheaded particularly by women social workers. The physicians play a minority, sporadic role which is always in conjunction with the other professions. CONCLUSIONS: Groups-focused work in education for health in primary care involves mostly "talks" given by nurses and social workers, it therefore being found necessary to promote team activities in this group-focused work, by boosting the motivation and the training of the professional and bettering the evaluation of group experiences.


Subject(s)
Group Processes , Health Education/methods , Primary Health Care/methods , Education, Medical , Education, Nursing , Focus Groups , Health Services Research , Interviews as Topic , Spain
5.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 77(5): 615-627, sept. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-26625

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: La Educación para la salud con grupos es una actividad cada vez más importante en atención primaria. Con el metaobjetivo de contribuir a su desarrollo, esta investigación se plantea como objetivos específicos: saber qué se entiende por trabajo con grupos, y conocer quiénes lo hacen y cómo se llevan a cabo las prácticas grupales. Métodos: Desde una perspectiva cualitativa-estructural se realizaron cuatro grupos de discusión y cuatro entrevistas abiertas. Los grupos realizados fueron: dos con médicos, especialistas en pediatría, en medicina familiar y comunitaria, uno con profesionales de enfermería y otro con profesionales de trabajo social. Las entrevistas abiertas: dos con médicos generales y dos con trabajadores sociales de las Áreas de Atención Primaria de la Comunidad de Madrid. Resultados: Los grupos se entienden, por la mayoría de los profesionales, como agrupación de individuos homogéneos respecto a la edad y a la patología a los que se les transmite información mediante 'charlas' que son hechas principalmente por enfermeras. Minoritariamente se reivindica otra manera de entender y hacer el trabajo con grupos, basado más en el intercambio de experiencias y en el fomento de la dinámica grupal, enfoque liderado sobre todo por las trabajadoras sociales. La participación de los médicos es minoritaria, esporádica y siempre en conjunto con las otras profesiones. Conclusiones: El trabajo con grupos en la educación para la salud en atención primaria se refiere mayoritariamente a 'charlas' realizadas por enfermeras y trabajadores sociales, por lo que se ve necesario fomentar las actividades en equipo en el trabajo grupal, mejorando la motivación y la formación de los profesionales e incrementando la evaluación de las experiencias grupales (AU)


Background: Group-focused education for health is becoming a progressively more important activity in primary care. With the metaobjective of contributing to the further development thereof, this research set outs as specific objectives: knowing what is meant by «group-focused work» and ascertaining who is doing this work and how the group practices are carried out. Methods: From a qualitative-structural standpoint, four discussion groups and four open interviews were held. The discussion groups held were: two with physicians, specialists in pediatrics, in family medicine and in community medicine, one with nursing professionals and another with professional social workers. The open interviews: two with general practitioners and two with social workers in the Primary Care Areas in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Results: The groups are understood, by most of the professionals, as groupings of homogeneous individuals as regards age and the disease involved to which information is conveyed by means of informal "talks" which are given mainly by nurses. A minority called for another way of construing and doing work with groups based more on a sharing of experiences and on fostering the group dynamics, an approach spearheaded particularly by women social workers. The physicians play a minority, sporadic role which is always in conjunction with the other professions. Conclusions: Groups-focused work in education for health in primary care involves mostly "talks" given by nurses and social workers, it therefore being found necessary to promote team activities in this group-focused work, by boosting the motivation and the training of the professional and bettering the evaluation of group experiences (AU)


Subject(s)
Group Processes , Spain , Primary Health Care , Interviews as Topic , Education, Medical , Education, Nursing , Health Education , Health Services Research
6.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 76(5): 545-59, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12422428

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Health Education with groups is an increasingly important activity in primary care. For the purpose of contributing to the furthering thereof, this research is aimed at ascertaining the opinions of the health care professionals with regard to the group practices and particularly with regard to their reason for being, purposes and fields of intervention. METHODS: From a qualitative-structural perspective, four discussion groups and four open interviews were held with general practitioners, specialists in Pediatrics, in Family and Community Medicine, Nursing and Social Work in the Primary Care Areas in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. RESULTS: The opinions of the primary care professionals regarding the groups are confined to the activities of Health Education, this being an activity subject to individual inquiry. To form groups, the professionals include arguments on the order of hierarchy, efficiency, effectiveness and personal satisfaction. The main groups regarding which the group work was done are chronic patients (hypertension and diabetes), women (pre-menopause, general malaise), school-age children and teachers, community associations and caregivers of the chronically ill. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the primary care professionals consider the work with groups to be something on the side, the end purpose of which would be savings and, on a secondary scale, Health Education. These groups mainly regard chronic patients and women, community work being approached on a second plane.


Subject(s)
Group Processes , Health Education/methods , Primary Health Care/methods , Attitude of Health Personnel , Humans , Qualitative Research , Spain
7.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 76(5): 545-559, sept. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19285

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: La Educación para la salud con grupos es una actividad cada vez más importante en atención primaria. Con el objetivo de contribuir a su desarrollo, esta investigación se plantea conocer los discursos de los profesionales sanitarios sobre las prácticas grupales y específicamente sobre su sentido, finalidades y ámbitos de aplicación. Métodos: Desde una perspectiva cualitativa-estructural se realizaron cuatro grupos de discusión y cuatro entrevistas abiertas con médicos generales, especialistas en Pediatría, en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Enfermería y Trabajo Social, de las Áreas de Atención Primaria de la Comunidad de Madrid. Resultados: Los discursos de los profesionales de atención primaria sobre los grupos se inscriben dentro de las actividades de educación para la salud, siendo ésta una actividad supeditada a la consulta individual. Para hacer grupos los profesionales incluyen argumentos del orden de la jerarquía, eficiencia, eficacia y satisfacción personal. Los principales colectivos objeto del trabajo en grupo son, por este orden, los pacientes crónicos (hipertensos y diabéticos), mujeres (perimenopaúsicas, con malestar general, etc.), escolares y profesores, asociaciones de la comunidad y cuidadores de enfermos crónicos. Conclusiones: Los profesionales de atención primaria mayoritariamente consideran el trabajo con grupos como algo marginal cuya finalidad principal sería el ahorro y, subsidiariamente, la Educación para la salud. Se realizan básicamente con pacientes crónicos y mujeres, planteándose el trabajo comunitario en un segundo término (AU)


Background: Health Education with groups is an increasingly important activity in primary care. For the purpose of contributing to the furthering thereof, this research is aimed at ascertaining the opinions of the health care professionals with regard to the group practices and particularly with regard to their reason for being, purposes and fields of intervention. Methods: From a qualitative-structural perspective, four discussion groups and four open interviews were held with general practitioners, specialists in Pediatrics, in Family and Community Medicine, Nursing and Social Work in the Primary Care Areas in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Results: The opinions of the primary care professionals regarding the groups are confined to the activities of Health Education, this being an activity subject to individual inquiry. To form groups, the professionals include arguments on the order of hierarchy, efficiency, effectiveness and personal satisfaction. The main groups regarding which the group work was done are chronic patients (hypertension and diabetes), women (pre-menopause, general malaise), school-age children and teachers, community associations and caregivers of the chronically ill. Conclusions: The majority of the primary care professionals consider the work with groups to be something on the side, the end purpose of which would be savings and, on a secondary scale, Health Education. These groups mainly regard chronic patients and women, community work being approached on a second plane (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Group Processes , Spain , Primary Health Care , Qualitative Research , Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Education
8.
Clín. salud ; 12(n.extr): 5-175, 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-147535

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo analiza los discursos, modelos y prácticas profesionales de los psicólogos en la salud comunitaria en Madrid desde el final del franquismo hasta 1982, es decir en la etapa de la transición política democrática. Entre los primeros se analiza el discurso crítico de los estudiantes/primeros licenciados, el enfoque comunitario de los jóvenes profesionales y los comienzos del discurso corporativo. Respecto a los modelos se hace referencia a los modelos críticos denominados psicoanálisis y marxismo y psicología científica, siendo las prácticas profesionales más relevantes las referidas a la planificación familiar, a las experiencias de Psicología de barrios y salud (mental) comunitaria (integradas todas ellas posteriormente en los Centros Municipales y de Promoción de la Salud) y las Unidades del Síndrome Tóxico. Por último se reflexiona sobre la incorporación de nuevo discurso científico y profesional -la psicología en la salud comunitaria de Madrid- en relación con las demandas de cambio social y la salud como calidad de vida comunitaria, los discursos políticos críticos sobre la reforma de la sanidad, la busca de un nuevo rol social de los médicos y la 'ideologización' del discurso psiquiátrico (AU)


This study analyses the discourse, models and professional practice of psychologists in community health in Madrid from the end of the Franco era to 1982, that is, during the political transition to democracy. As regards the first of these, it analyses the critical discourse of students and young graduates, the community perspective of young professionals and the beginnings of corporative discourse. In the second case, the models discussed are the critical ones referred to as psychoanalysis and Marxism and scientific psychology. The most relevant aspects of professional practice referred to are family planning, Psychology's experiences in poor areas and the field of community (mental) health (later within the network of the Municipal Centres for Promotion of Health), and the Syndrome Toxic Units. Finally, there is a reflection upon the incorporation of a new type of scientific and professional discourse -psychology in community health in Madrid- in relation to the demands for social change and health as quality of community life, to critical political discourse on the reform of the health system, to the search for a new social role for doctors and to the 'ideologisation' of psychiatric discourse (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Social/history , Community Mental Health Centers/history , Health Systems/history , Spain , Professional Role/history , History, 20th Century , Social Change/history
9.
San Miguel de Tucumán; s.n; 1998. 36 p.
Non-conventional in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: biblio-1206943

Subject(s)
Health Promotion
10.
San Miguel de Tucumán; s.n; 1998. 36 p. (85491).
Non-conventional in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-85491

Subject(s)
Health Promotion
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